Transparency and Innuendo: An Alternative to Reactive Over-Disclosure

Lassman examines the tension between transparency and other public health interests in the context of the FDA\u27s proposed Drug Watch web site. He argues that although the FDA proposal seeks to achieve a laudable goal--the prompt communication of important useful safety information about drug products to physicians and patients-- it fails to properly balance transparency and other legitimate public health interests

Pluralism without Illusions

Much of contemporary Anglo-American Liberal political theory is still living under the shadow of Max Weber. In particular, it seems to accept the idea of disenchantment and has more recently discovered the problem value pluralism. Max Weber’s idea of the political still serves as an antidote to the prevalence in much of this kind of theory of the priority of the moral over the political. Unfortunately, Weber’s own theory is incomplete and needs to be supplemented

Une exploration des perspectives d’étudiants-athlètes sur la préparation psychologique pour reprendre le sport après avoir subi une commotion cérébrale

Les athlètes qui reprennent le sport après avoir subi une commotion cérébrale sont considérés comme « prêts » lorsqu'ils ont complété un processus de six étapes qui augmente l'effort physique et cognitif. Cependant, ce processus néglige largement les facteurs psychosociaux impliqués dans le retour au sport après une commotion cérébrale. Cette étude qualitative a utilisé une méthodologie narrative et une position philosophique constructiviste pour explorer les perceptions de 12 (n = 6 femmes) étudiants-athlètes universitaires canadiens ayant subi une commotion dans la préparation psychologique pour reprendre le sport. Les participants étaient âgés de 18 à 25 ans au moment de leur commotion et ont été absents du sport pendant au moins un mois. Chaque athlète a participé à deux entrevues via Zoom (entrevue 1 : M = 103 min ; entrevue 2 : M = 88 min). Les données ont été analysées en utilisant la non-fiction créative. Six thèmes narratifs ont été interprétés à partir des données : confiance, peur, identité, soutien, pression et cas par cas. Deux récits composites ont été écrits pour illustrer les thèmes narratifs impliqués dans la préparation psychologique. L'histoire de Pierre-Olivier dépeint ses pensées, ses émotions et les interactions en tant que joueur de hockey universitaire masculin de deuxième année qui était prêt à retourner au sport et qui a connu des résultats positifs. L'histoire de Pierre-Olivier se concentre sur les jours précédant son retour au sport après avoir reçu l’autorisation médicale. L'histoire d'Andrea présente le portrait d'une capitaine d'une équipe féminine de rugby qui n'était pas prête à son retour et qui a connu des résultats négatifs. L'histoire d'Andrea est un retour sur son autorisation médicale lorsqu'elle parle avec son médecin, et ses interactions avec une ancienne co-équipière qui cherchent ses avis. Cette étude est l'une des premières à examiner la préparation psychologique des athlètes ayant subi une commotion cérébrale. Ces résultats indiquent la nécessité d'une évaluation plus globale des athlètes ayant subi une commotion cérébrale afin d'aider à déterminer qui est (et qui n'est pas) prêt à reprendre le sport après une commotion cérébrale.Athletes returning to sport following a concussion are deemed ‘ready’ once they have completed a six-step process that increases in physical and cognitive exertion. However, this process largely overlooks psychosocial factors involved in returning to sport following a concussion. This qualitative study used a narrative methodology underpinned by a constructivist philosophical position to understand 12 (n = 6 females) formerly concussed Canadian university student-athletes’ perceptions of the factors they believed were involved in feeling psychologically ready to return to sport. Participants were aged 18 to 25 years during their concussion and experienced a minimum of one-month absence from sports. Each athlete participated in two Zoom interviews (interview 1: M = 103 min; interview 2: M = 88 min). The data was analyzed using creative non-fiction. Six themes were interpreted from the data: confidence, fear, identity, pressure, support, and case-by-case. Two composite narratives were written to depict the themes involved in psychological readiness. Pierre-Olivier’s story portrays the thoughts, emotions, and interactions of a second-year university men’s ice hockey player who was ready to return to sport and experienced successful outcomes. Pierre-Olivier’s story focuses on his growing readiness leading up to his first game following his medical clearance. Andrea’s story portrays a women’s rugby captain who was not ready to return to sport and experienced an unsuccessful return to sport. Andrea’s story depicts a flashback to a conversation with her doctor during her medical clearance and her interactions with a former teammate seeking advice. This study is among the first to examine psychological readiness among concussed athletes. These results indicate a need for a more holistic assessment of concussed athletes to help identify who is (and who is not) ready to return to sport following a concussion

Blending model output with satellite-based and in-situ observations to produce high-resolution estimates of population exposure to wildfire smoke

2016 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.In the western US, emissions from wildfires and prescribed fire have been associated with degradation of regional air quality. Whereas atmospheric aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) have known impacts on human health, there is uncertainty in how particle composition, concentrations, and exposure duration impact the associated health response. Due to changes in climate and land-management, wildfires have increased in frequency and severity, and this trend is expected to continue. Consequently, wildfires are expected to become an increasingly important source of PM 2.5 in the western US. While composition and source of the aerosol is thought to be an important factor in the resulting human health-effects, this is currently not well-understood; therefore, there is a need to develop a quantitative understanding of wildfire-smoke-specific health effects. A necessary step in this process is to determine who was exposed to wildfire smoke, the concentration of the smoke during exposure, and the duration of the exposure. Three different tools are commonly used to assess exposure to wildfire smoke: in-situ measurements, satellite-based observations, and chemical-transport model (CTM) simulations, and each of these exposure-estimation tools have associated strengths and weakness. In this thesis, we investigate the utility of blending these tools together to produce highly accurate estimates of smoke exposure during the 2012 fire season in Washington for use in an epidemiological case study. For blending, we use a ridge regression model, as well as a geographically weighted ridge regression model. We evaluate the performance of the three individual exposure-estimate techniques and the two blended techniques using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation. Due to the number of in-situ monitors present during this time period, we find that predictions based on in-situ monitors were more accurate for this particular fire season than the CTM simulations and satellite-based observations, so blending provided only marginal improvements above the in-situ observations. However, we show that in hypothetical cases with fewer surface monitors, the two blending techniques can produce substantial improvement over any of the individual tools

Molecular markers in gliomas: impact for the clinician

Over the last decade, understanding of glioma on a molecular level has greatly expanded. However, optimal incorporation of molecular markers into clinical care is controversial. We briefly review the potential utility of molecular stratification in refining histologic diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions, focussing on 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT promoter methylation, EGFR mutations, and IDH mutation. The most recently discovered IDH mutation is a striking example of a rapid implementation of a molecular marker for prognostication into common clinical us

Reaffirmation Agreements in Consumer Bankruptcy Cases

The following is from Chapter II of our book, Reaffirmation Agreements in Consumer Bankruptcy Cases. This chapter sets forth the debtor’s obligations in connection with reaffirmation of secured debt

Methane yield and microscopic observation as monitoring biofilm behaviour parameters, during start up phase of anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactor

Anaerobic biofilm behavior on polyethylene and Extendosphere™ supports was evaluated during start-up of an inverse fluidized bed reactor using methane yield and microscopic observation as parameter monitoring techniques. Two anaerobic inverse fluidized bed reactors were used, one filled with triturated polyethylene as solid carrier material (diameter = 380 μm, density = 926 kg/m3) and the other with Extendosphere™ (diameter = 147 μm, density = 700 kg/m3). Each support material was used at up to 25% of its working volume (polyethylene = 1.2 l, Extendosphere™ = 1.9 l). Both reactors were started up in sequencing batch mode, applying organic loading rates of 0.5 to 14 g COD/l.d. Both supports exhibited rapid biofilm growth during start-up. Maximum surface colonization was 46% with the polyethylene and 100% with Extendosphere™. Both supports had a methane yield of 0.298 l CH4/g COD at 10 and 14 g COD/l.d, respectively. Digital microscopic observation results coincided with methane yield results, confirming each to be viable for parameter monitoring of biofilm growth. Data generated by these two techniques is different and complementary, and in conjunction they constitute a highly effective monitoring method of biofilm growth.Key words: Anaerobic digestion, biofilm, inverse fluidized bed reactor, methane yield