An improved negative selection algorithm based on the hybridization of cuckoo search and differential evolution for anomaly detection

The biological immune system (BIS) is characterized by networks of cells, tissues, and organs communicating and working in synchronization. It also has the ability to learn, recognize, and remember, thus providing the solid foundation for the development of Artificial Immune System (AIS). Since the emergence of AIS, it has proved itself as an area of computational intelligence. Real-Valued Negative Selection Algorithm with Variable-Sized Detectors (V-Detectors) is an offspring of AIS and demonstrated its potentials in the field of anomaly detection. The V-Detectors algorithm depends greatly on the random detectors generated in monitoring the status of a system. These randomly generated detectors suffer from not been able to adequately cover the non-self space, which diminishes the detection performance of the V-Detectors algorithm. This research therefore proposed CSDE-V-Detectors which entail the use of the hybridization of Cuckoo Search (CS) and Differential Evolution (DE) in optimizing the random detectors of the V-Detectors. The DE is integrated with CS at the population initialization by distributing the population linearly. This linear distribution gives the population a unique, stable, and progressive distribution process. Thus, each individual detector is characteristically different from the other detectors. CSDE capabilities of global search, and use of L´evy flight facilitates the effectiveness of the detector set in the search space. In comparison with V-Detectors, cuckoo search, differential evolution, support vector machine, artificial neural network, na¨ıve bayes, and k-NN, experimental results demonstrates that CSDE-V-Detectors outperforms other algorithms with an average detection rate of 95:30% on all the datasets. This signifies that CSDE-V-Detectors can efficiently attain highest detection rates and lowest false alarm rates for anomaly detection. Thus, the optimization of the randomly detectors of V-Detectors algorithm with CSDE is proficient and suitable for anomaly detection tasks

Enhancing public safety and security of critical national infrastructure utilizing the Nigerian Satellite Augmentation System (NSAS)

After the First World War, radio time signals offered alternative technology for determination of the Greenwich time and thus longitude at sea. The first manifestation of new technology capable of usurping the super accurate mechanical chronometers occurred in 1904, when the United States Navy began to experiment with the transmission of radio-time signals as an aid to the determination of longitude (Davies, 1978; Lawal & Chatwin, 2011). The challenge in precision continued with precision in Navigation systems, which depends on electromagnetic waves travelling at 300,000,000 m/s, which means that one microsecond error in a vessel’s time will result in 300metres of navigational error. The Global Positioning System (GPS) originated from the Navigation System with Timing and Ranging known as NAVSTAR, which was initiated by the Joint Program Office (JPO) of the U.S. Department of Defence (DoD) in 1973.The first GPS satellite was sent into orbit in 1978. Initial Operational Capability (IOC) was reached in July 1993 with 24 satellites, while Full Operational Capability (FOC) was declared on July, 17th, 1995. Improvement in accuracy for general transportation, especially in aviation, ushered in augmentation systems. The quest for performance focused on the ability to accurately transmit and keep time signals stable up to the picosecond level and even more in receivers and clock reference signals for space systems, especially in navigation satellites using high performance oscillators ranging from ultra-stable quartz crystals with ovenized control to high performance atomic circuits (Lawal & Chatwin, 2011). The Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) arose from the need to provide continuity, availability, integrity and accuracy of global positioning signals to eliminate errors and compensate for discrepancies associated with GPS signals and other navigation systems. The NigComSat-1R Navigation (L-band) payload is a Space Based Augmentation System meant to provide a Navigation Overlay Service (NOS) similar to the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS). This paper describes the huge untapped potential that the hybrid satellite offers in the area of public safety, security of critical national infrastructure, aviation, maritime, defense, effectiveness of Location Based Services for Emergency and Crisis management amongst other applications; it thus fills a great gap in the augmentation systems for Africa

Evaluation of Flow Rate Correction in Water Pipeline Distribution Network by Two Numerical Methods of Solution

This study evaluates flow rate correction and approximate flow rates in  loops for three different case studies of closed looped pipe distribution network systems using Hardy Cross and Newton Raphson. Darcy Weisbach head loss equation was also used to account for major losses. Manual calculation was initially done for each case study followed by a C-Sharp programming software which was developed to affirm the manual  calculation. For one looped network, head loss around the loop converged from 25.60 m to 0.13 m at the third iteration. The two looped network head loss around each loop converged from 170.97 m and 8.92 m to 0.05 and 0.06 m for Hardy Cross at the sixth iteration while the head loss are 0.88 m and 0.24 m at the fourth iteration for both Hardy Cross and Newton Raphson method while for the three looped network, it has head losses around the three loops converged after the fourth iteration from 0.26, 1.36 and 18.32 m to 0.13, 0.11 and 0.10 m respectively for Hardy Cross at thirditeration while the head losses are 0.03, 0.00 and 0.05 m for Newton  Raphson method. Newton Raphson method was found to have a better convergence pattern because it convergences in a uniform manner unlike Hardy Cross method. Also, the program developed gave almost but more accurate results as compared to that of manual calculations with the agreement between them rated at 98%. Some slight differences encountered in the mathematical terms calculated were as a result of some accumulated approximation errors.Keywords: Pipe Distribution Network, Head loss, Convergence, Iteratio

Strategies to Mentor Teacher Candidates during CalTPA to Use Research-based Practices to Facilitate Engagement and learning for English Language Learners.

Developing the knowledge and skills to teach K-12 English language learners (ELLs) is a crucial aspect of the teacher candidate learning to teach. This is even more critical as school districts are increasingly enrolling English language learners into the mainstream classrooms. Hence, teacher candidates must become proficient in implementing appropriate research-based strategies that promote learning for K-12 students with disabilities. The California Teacher Performance Assessment, CalTPA, requires teacher candidates to teach one student ELL and upload the video of the instruction for assessment. This aspect of this CalTPA presents some challenges to our students because they have not worked with special education students as part of the credential program. Therefore, the purpose of this projects is to identify and discuss with examples some research-based that teacher candidates can implement in the classroom to promote disabled student engagement and learning

“I Can Do this Leadership Thing! ”: Training and Female Leaders\u27 Perception of Self-Efficacy in Higher Education

Self-efficacy is an essential factor needed for leadership success. Leaders with high levels of self-efficacy effectively guide their followers, have more opportunities for career growth, and achieve leadership success. Female leaders reportedly have lower levels of self-efficacy than their male counterparts. Training has however been reported to contribute positively to improved levels of self-efficacy. This study therefore explores the impact of training on female leaders’ self-efficacy specifically in higher education using three research questions. A total of 21 interviews were conducted with female leaders who occupy different administrative positions across public and private institutions. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) and Owen\u27s (1984) principles of recurrence, repetition, and forcefulness, and three main themes were developed inductively. The results showed that only a few female leaders have little access to training. Where training was available, the availability of training opportunities and the intent of training were in most cases not properly communicated. The findings also established that female leaders perceive that training contributes to their levels of self-efficacy. This is reflected in the outcomes of training and their improved abilities as leaders. Lastly, findings also revealed that female leaders found training and the knowledge acquired from training transferable to their actual job roles and a boost for their career advancement

Lasisi Ajayi TSSA 2018-19 Last Call

The purpose of the TRC Teaching Study Skills Award is to enhance faculty teaching by supporting them to attend a conference devoted to university teaching or to a high-impact, evidence or a newly developing teaching practice

A review of: The Test: Why our schools are obsessed with standardized testing—but you don’t have to be

This is a review of Anya Kamenetz\u27s book, The Test: Why our schools are obsessed with standardized testing—but you don’t have to b

Otolaryngological practice in developing country: A profile of met and unmet needs

Background: There has been a significant advance in the practice of otorhinolaryngologic surgery from the simple excisional surgery to minimally invasive functional endoscopic techniques, reconstruction and the use of laser. In this review we present our experience of the otolaryngologic practice in NigeriaMethods: A retrospective review of clinical record chart of the spectrum of patients seen in the otorhinolaryngology department in 5 years (2004-2004). We reviewed the 708 patients seen at the outpatient clinic and the 111 surgical procedures done in one of the top otolaryngologic centres in Nigeria.Results: Chronic suppurative otitis media accounted for 22% outpatient consultation, followed by sensorineural hearing losses 12% and Inflammatory disorders of the sinuses and larynx 16%, head and neck cancers was lowest 1.3%. In contrast to the spectrum in the clinic, laryngologic/head and neck surgery accounted for 47 (42%), rhinologic 31 (28%), otologic 29 (26%) and minimal invasive / endoscopic surgeries 4 (4%).Conclusion: The contrast between the high prevalence of CSOM and high number of laryngologic surgery suggest the limitations faced by otolaryngolgists in the tropics in terms of unavailability and inability to afford sophisticated diagnostic and operating equipment particularly in otologic practice. This will be useful for formulating exchange of training and fellowship with otolaryngologists in other parts of the globe and improvement of clinical practice

IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN THE YORUBA GROUP PROJECT ABROAD: DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE USE

This research examines the experiences of five Nigerian Americans who participated in the Yoruba Group Project Abroad in the year 2018. After taking classes on Yoruba language at the basic, intermediate and advanced levels in their various universities here in the US, the students traveled to Nigeria in the summer of 2018 to immerse themselves in the native speakers’ environment in Ibadan, Nigeria. While in Ibadan, they were paired with Nigerian host families (Yoruba speakers) in order to have an overarching immersive experience. These students constitute the population of this research. Using a qualitative research method and an in-depth online interviews, participants are asked about their various experiences while on the program. With the use of the theoretical frameworks of Discourse Transcription and Discourse Analysis, participants’ language use is examined. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal how these participants use language to communicate their personal, ethnic and national identities- how they position “themselves” and “others”. More specifically, participants’ identities and affiliations before and after the program is examined. This analysis also considers the after-effects of the study abroad program on the participants