889 research outputs found
Truancy Intervention Protocols in Olmsted County
Truancy has historically been dealt with through punitive measures and associated with specific social groups. Contemporary research has shown that truancy is a complex issue that is not necessarily associated with any group and has a variety of underlying causes. These causes can include mental or chemical health issues, child protection issues, other family factors, or problems within the school. Participants from schools within Olmsted County, Minnesota were interviewed to assess the effectiveness of their truancy intervention protocols. Based on these reports, successful protocols incorporate flexibility into a standard process to benefit the student, the family, and the school. Successful programs understand the needs of each individual student and do whatever is necessary to support the student and family. Effective programs require a commitment of a team of school and county staff. A significant amount of time, teamwork, and communication goes into the process--from first identifying the at-risk students through finding a viable solution to each case and aim to avoid excessive punitive measures. This type of program was effective for both suburban and rural schools and should be considered by any schools continuing to experience issues with truancy
Truancy Intervention Protocols in Olmsted County
Truancy has historically been dealt with through punitive measures and associated with specific social groups. Contemporary research has shown that truancy is a complex issue that is not necessarily associated with any group and has a variety of underlying causes. These causes can include mental or chemical health issues, child protection issues, other family factors, or problems within the school. Participants from schools within Olmsted County, Minnesota were interviewed to assess the effectiveness of their truancy intervention protocols. Based on these reports, successful protocols incorporate flexibility into a standard process to benefit the student, the family, and the school. Successful programs understand the needs of each individual student and do whatever is necessary to support the student and family. Effective programs require a commitment of a team of school and county staff. A significant amount of time, teamwork, and communication goes into the processâfrom first identifying the at-risk students through finding a viable solution to each case and aim to avoid excessive punitive measures. This type of program was effective for both suburban and rural schools and should be considered by any schools continuing to experience issues with truancy
ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY USE IMPLICATIONS OF SHORT-SEASON COTTON PRODUCTION: TEXAS LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY
Crop Production/Industries,
Kinematic classifications of local interacting galaxies: implications for the merger/disk classifications at high-z
The classification of galaxy mergers and isolated disks is key for
understanding the relative importance of galaxy interactions and secular
evolution during the assembly of galaxies. The kinematic properties of galaxies
as traced by emission lines have been used to suggest the existence of a
significant population of high-z star-forming galaxies consistent with isolated
rotating disks. However, recent studies have cautioned that post-coalescence
mergers may also display disk-like kinematics. To further investigate the
robustness of merger/disk classifications based on kinematic properties, we
carry out a systematic classification of 24 local (U)LIRGs spanning a range of
galaxy morphologies: from isolated spiral galaxies, ongoing interacting
systems, to fully merged remnants. We artificially redshift the WiFeS
observations of these local (U)LIRGs to z=1.5 to make a realistic comparison
with observations at high-z, and also to ensure that all galaxies have the same
spatial sampling of ~900 pc. Using both kinemetry-based and visual
classifications, we find that the reliability of kinematic classification shows
a strong trend with the interaction stage of galaxies. Mergers with two nuclei
and tidal tails have the most distinct kinematic properties compared to
isolated disks, whereas a significant population of the interacting disks and
merger remnants are indistinguishable from isolated disks. The high fraction of
late-stage mergers showing disk-like kinematics reflects the complexity of the
dynamics during galaxy interactions. However, the exact fractions of
misidentified disks and mergers depend on the definition of kinematic
asymmetries and the classification threshold when using kinemetry-based
classifications. Our results suggest that additional indicators such as
morphologies traced by stars or molecular gas are required to further constrain
the merger/disk classifications at high-z.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, ApJ accepte
Historical Prediction Modeling Approach for Estimating Long-Term Concentrations of PM in Cohort Studies Before the 1999 Implementation of Widespread Monitoring
Introduction: Recent cohort studies use exposure prediction models to estimate the association between long-term residential concentrations of PM2.5 and health. Because these prediction models rely on PM2.5 monitoring data, predictions for times before extensive spatial monitoring present a challenge to understanding long-term exposure effects. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Reference Method (FRM) network for PM2.5 was established in 1999. We evaluated a novel statistical approach to produce high quality exposure predictions from 1980-2010 for epidemiological applications.
Methods: We developed spatio-temporal prediction models using geographic predictors and annual average PM2.5 data from 1999 through 2010 from the FRM and the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) networks. The model consists of a spatially-varying long-term mean, a spatially-varying temporal trend, and spatially-varying and temporally-independent spatio-temporal residuals structured using a universal kriging framework. Temporal trends in annual averages of PM2.5 before 1999 were estimated by using a) extrapolation based on PM2.5 data for 1999-2010 in FRM/IMPROVE, b) PM2.5 sulfate data for 1987-2010 in the Clean Air Status and Trends Network, and c) visibility data for 1980-2010 across the Weather-Bureau-Army-Navy network. We validated the resulting models using PM2.5 data collected before 1999 from IMPROVE, California Air Resources Board dichotomous sampler monitoring (CARB dichot), the Southern California Childrenâs Health Study (CHS), and the Inhalable Particulate Network (IPN).
Results: The PM2.5 prediction model performed well across three trend estimation approaches when validated using IMPROVE and CHS data (R2= 0.84â0.91). Model performance using CARB dichot and IPN data was worse than those in IMPROVE most likely due to inconsistent sampling methods and smaller numbers of monitoring sites.
Discussion: Our prediction modeling approach will allow health effects estimation associated with long-term exposures to PM2.5 over extended time periods of up to 30 years
A Mixture of LBG Overdensities in the Fields of Three Quasars: Implications for the Robustness of Photometric Selection
The most luminous quasars at are suspected to be both highly
clustered and reside in the most massive dark matter halos in the early
Universe, making them prime targets to search for galaxy overdensities and/or
protoclusters. We search for Lyman-break dropout-selected galaxies using HST
WFC3/ACS broadband imaging in the fields of three quasars, as well
as their simultaneously observed coordinated-parallel fields, and constrain
their photometric redshifts using EAZY. One field, J0305-3150, shows a volume
density 10 higher than the blank-field UV luminosity function (UVLF) at
M, with tentative evidence of a 3 overdensity in its
parallel field located 15 cMpc away. Another field, J2054-0005, shows an
angular overdensity within 500 ckpc from the quasar but still consistent with
UVLF predictions within 3, while the last field, J2348-3054, shows no
enhancement. We discuss methods for reducing uncertainty in overdensity
measurements when using photometric selection and show that we can robustly
select LBGs consistent with being physically associated with the quasar,
corroborated by existing JWST/NIRCam WFSS data in the J0305 field. Even
accounting for incompleteness, the overdensities in J0305 and J2054 are higher
for brighter galaxies at short angular separations, suggesting preferential
enhancement of more massive galaxies in the immediate vicinity of the quasar.
Finally, we compare the LBG population with previously-identified [CII] and
mm-continuum companions; the LBG overdensities are not accompanied by an
enhanced number of dusty galaxies, suggesting that the overdense quasar fields
are not in the bursty star-forming phase sometimes seen in high-redshift
protoclusters.Comment: 22 pages (main text), 12 figures, 10 tables, 2 appendices. Final
version after addressing referee report, accepted to ApJ May 202
Around the World, Adolescence Is a Time of Heightened Sensation Seeking and Immature Self-Regulation
The dual systems model of adolescent riskâtaking portrays the period as one characterized by a combination of heightened sensation seeking and stillâmaturing selfâregulation, but most tests of this model have been conducted in the United States or Western Europe. In the present study, these propositions are tested in an international sample of more than 5000 individuals between ages 10 and 30 years from 11 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas, using a multiâmethod test battery that includes both selfâreport and performanceâbased measures of both constructs. Consistent with the dual systems model, sensation seeking increased between preadolescence and late adolescence, peaked at age 19, and declined thereafter, whereas selfâregulation increased steadily from preadolescence into young adulthood, reaching a plateau between ages 23 and 26. Although there were some variations in the magnitude of the observed age trends, the developmental patterns were largely similar across countries
Spectral Energy Distributions of Local Luminous And Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are the most extreme
star forming galaxies in the universe. The local (U)LIRGs provide a unique
opportunity to study their multi-wavelength properties in detail for comparison
to their more numerous counterparts at high redshifts. We present common large
aperture photometry at radio through X-ray wavelengths, and spectral energy
distributions (SEDs) for a sample of 53 nearby LIRGs and 11 ULIRGs spanning log
(LIR/Lsun) = 11.14-12.57 from the flux-limited Great Observatories All-sky LIRG
Survey (GOALS). The SEDs for all objects are similar in that they show a broad,
thermal stellar peak and a dominant FIR thermal dust peak, where nuLnu(60um) /
nuLnu(V) increases from ~2-30 with increasing LIR. When normalized at
IRAS-60um, the largest range in the luminosity ratio,
R(lambda)=log[nuLnu(lambda)/nuLnu(60um)] observed over the full sample is seen
in the Hard X-rays (HX=2-10 keV). A small range is found in the Radio (1.4GHz),
where the mean ratio is largest. Total infrared luminosities, LIR(8-1000um),
dust temperatures, and dust masses were computed from fitting thermal dust
emission modified blackbodies to the mid-infrared (MIR) through submillimeter
SEDs. The new results reflect an overall ~0.02 dex lower luminosity than the
original IRAS values. Total stellar masses were computed by fitting stellar
population synthesis models to the observed near-infrared (NIR) through
ultraviolet (UV) SEDs. Mean stellar masses are found to be log(M/Msun) =
10.79+/-0.40. Star formation rates have been determined from the infrared
(SFR_IR~45Msun/yr) and from the monochromatic UV luminosities
(SFR_UV~1.3Msun/yr), respectively. Multiwavelength AGN indicators have be used
to select putative AGN: about 60% of the ULIRGs would have been classified as
an AGN by at least one of the selection criteria.Comment: 39 pages, including 12 figures and 11 tables; accepted for
publication in ApJ
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