379 research outputs found
Social Distancing, Psychological Mood and Physical Activity Behavior During COVID-19 in the United States
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(5): 313-329, 2022. Social distancing, during previous epidemics, has been shown to lead to poor mental health outcomes and reduced physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between self-reported psychological state and physical activity behaviors of individuals under social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. 199 individuals (29.85 ± 10.22 yrs) in the United States who had been in social distancing for 2-4 weeks participated in this study. Participants answered a questionnaire regarding feelings of loneliness, depression, anxiety, mood state, and physical activity. 66.8% of participants had depressive symptoms and 72.8% had symptoms of anxiety. Loneliness was correlated with depression (r = 0.66), trait anxiety (r = 0.36), fatigue (r = 0.38), confusion (r = 0.39), and total mood disturbance (TMD; r = 0.62). Participation in total physical activity was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (r = -0.16) and TMD (r = -0.16). State anxiety was positively associated with participation in total physical activity (r = 0.22). In addition, a binomial logistic regression was performed to predict participation in sufficient physical activity. The model explained 45% of the variance in physical activity participation and correctly categorized 77% of cases. Individuals with higher vigor scores had an increased likelihood of participating in sufficient physical activity. Loneliness was associated with negative psychological mood state. Individuals with higher feelings of loneliness, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and negative mood state were observed to spend less time engaged in physical activity. Higher state anxiety was positively associated with engagement in physical activity
Ongoing Gas Stripping in the Virgo Cluster Spiral NGC 4522
The Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4522 is one of the best spiral candidates for
ICM-ISM stripping in action. Optical broadband and H-alpha images from the WIYN
telescope of the highly inclined galaxy reveal a relatively undisturbed stellar
disk and a peculiar distribution of H-alpha emission. Ten percent of the
H-alpha emission arises from extraplanar HII regions which appear to lie within
filamentary structures >3 kpc long above one side of the disk. The filaments
emerge from the outer edge of a disk of bright H-alpha emission which is
abruptly truncated beyond 0.35R(25). Together the truncated H-alpha disk and
extraplanar H-alpha filaments are reminiscent of a bow shock morphology, which
strongly suggests that the interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 4522 is being
stripped by the gas pressure of the intracluster medium (ICM). The galaxy has a
line-of-sight velocity of 1300 km/sec with respect to the mean Virgo cluster
velocity, and thus is expected to experience a strong interaction with the
intracluster gas. The existence of HII regions apparently located above the
disk plane suggests that star formation is occuring in the stripped gas, and
that newly formed stars will enter the galaxy halo and/or intracluster space.
The absence of HII regions in the disk beyond 0.35R(25), and the existence of
HII regions in the stripped gas suggest that even molecular gas has been
effectively removed from the disk of the galaxy.Comment: to appear in The Astronomical Journal, 16 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
An evaluation of the reliability of the foot-tapping test in a healthy sample
The foot-tapping test (FTT) can be used to assess upper motor neuron dysfunction in clinical populations. However, relatively little is known regarding the reliability or normative values of the FTT in either healthy or clinical populations. Although several different FTT methods have been used, no study to date has demonstrated the reliability or validity of FTT by comparing it across several different counting methods in healthy persons. This unfortunately limits its usefulness in medicine and research.Open Access fees paid for in whole or in part by the University of Oklahoma Libraries.Ye
Short-Term Analysis (8 Weeks) of Social Distancing and Isolation on Mental Health and Physical Activity Behavior During COVID-19
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, cities and states adopted social distancing, social isolation, or quarantine measurements to slow the transmission of the disease. Negative mental health outcomes including depression and anxiety have been associated with social distancing or social isolation. The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in psychological health and physical activity over an 8 week period under social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.Financial support was provided from the Office of the Vice President for Research and Partnerships and the Office of the Provost, University of Oklahoma. Open Access fees paid for in whole or in part by the University of Oklahoma Libraries.Ye
Repeatability of the timed 25-foot walk test for individuals with multiple sclerosis
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a practice effect present in the timed 25-foot walk in ambulatory individuals with multiple sclerosis.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Reproductive Ecology Of The Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma Coerulescens) On John F. Kennedy Space Center/Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge: A Long-Term Study
From 1988 to 2002 we studied the breeding ecology of Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) on John F. Kennedy Space Center/Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. We examined phenology, clutch size, hatching failure rates, fledgling production, nest success, predation rates, sources egg and nestling mortality, and the effects of helpers on these measures. Nesting phenology was similar among sites. Mean clutch size at Titan was significantly larger than at HC or T4. Pairs with helpers did not produce larger clutches than pairs without helpers. Fledgling production at T4 was significantly greater than at HC and similar to Titan. Pairs with helpers at HC produced significantly more fledglings than pairs without helpers; helpers did not influence fledgling production at the other sites. Nest success at HC and Titan was low, 19% and 32% respectively. Nest success at T4 was 48% and was significantly greater than at HC. Average predation rates at all sites increased with season progression. Predation rates at all sight rose sharply by early June. The main cause of nest failure at all sites was predation, 93%
CO in Protostars (COPS): -SPIRE Spectroscopy of Embedded Protostars
We present full spectral scans from 200-670m of 26 Class 0+I
protostellar sources, obtained with -SPIRE, as part of the
"COPS-SPIRE" Open Time program, complementary to the DIGIT and WISH Key
programs. Based on our nearly continuous, line-free spectra from 200-670
m, the calculated bolometric luminosities () increase by 50%
on average, and the bolometric temperatures () decrease by 10% on
average, in comparison with the measurements without Herschel. Fifteen
protostars have the same Class using and /. We identify rotational transitions of CO lines from J=4-3 to J=13-12,
along with emission lines of CO, HCO, HO, and [CI]. The ratios
of CO to CO indicate that CO emission remains optically
thick for < 13. We fit up to four components of temperature from
the rotational diagram with flexible break points to separate the components.
The distribution of rotational temperatures shows a primary population around
100 K with a secondary population at 350 K. We quantify the correlations
of each line pair found in our dataset, and find the strength of correlation of
CO lines decreases as the difference between -level between two CO lines
increases. The multiple origins of CO emission previously revealed by
velocity-resolved profiles are consistent with this smooth distribution if each
physical component contributes to a wide range of CO lines with significant
overlap in the CO ladder. We investigate the spatial extent of CO emission and
find that the morphology is more centrally peaked and less bipolar at high-
lines. We find the CO emission observed with SPIRE related to outflows, which
consists two components, the entrained gas and shocked gas, as revealed by our
rotational diagram analysis as well as the studies with velocity-resolved CO
emission.Comment: 50 pages, 18 figures, accepted to ApJS. Revised for Table 6 and
Figure
Cerebrovascular responses to graded exercise in young healthy males and females
Although systemic sexâspecific differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise are well established, the comparison of sexâspecific cerebrovascular responses to exercise has gone underâinvestigated especially, during high intensity exercise. Therefore, our purpose was to compare cerebrovascular responses in males and females throughout a graded exercise test (GXT). Twentyâsix participants (13 Females and 13 Males, 24 ± 4 yrs.) completed a GXT on a recumbent cycle ergometer consisting of 3âmin stages. Each sex completed 50W, 75W, 100W stages. Thereafter, power output increased 30W/stage for females and 40W/stage for males until participants were unable to maintain 60â80 RPM. The final stage completed by the participant was considered maximum workload(Wmax). Respiratory gases (Endâtidal CO2, EtCO2), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), heart rate (HR), nonâinvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) were continuously recorded on a breathâbyâbreath or beatâbyâbeat basis. Cerebral perfusion pressure, CPP = MAP (0. 7,355 distance from heartâlevel to doppler probe) and cerebral vascular conductance index, CVCi = MCAv/CPP 100mmHg were calculated. The change from baseline (Î) in MCAv was similar between the sexes during the GXT (p = .091, Ïp2 = 0.05). However, ÎCPP (p < .001, Ïp2 = 0.25) was greater in males at intensities â„ 80% Wmax and ÎCVCi (p = .005, Ïp2 = 0.15) was greater in females at 100% Wmax. Î Endâtidal CO2 (ÎEtCO2) was not different between the sexes during exercise (p = .606, Ïp2 = â0.03). These data suggest there are sexâspecific differences in cerebrovascular control, and these differences may only be identifiable at high and severe intensity exercise.Open Access fees paid for in whole or in part by the University of Oklahoma Libraries.Ye
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