On the dynamics of the microfilament system in HeLa cells

We measured the pools of unpolymerized and filamentous actin in homogenates of HeLa cells made in several different lysis buffers, as well as after treatment of cells with a variety of chemicals or trypsin, and after adenovirus (type 2) infection. This was possible when a series of factors concerning the basic culture conditions were kept constant: e.g., serum type used, serum batch, cell density, time after subcultivation of cells, and buffering substance in the medium. Homogenates from untreated cells usually contain 35-45 percent of the total actin in an unpolymerized form. With some batches of cells this number can be as high as 50 percent. In sparse cultures (3 x 10(4) cell/cm(2)), HeLa cells contain approximately 10 pg actin/cell, while the corresponding number is only 5 pg in dense cultures (3 x 10(5) cells/cm(2)). Treatment of cells with cytochalasin B increases the pool of unpolymerized actin by approximately 30-40 percent, while colchicine decreases the fraction of unpolymerized actin by 20 percent. The oxidant diamide increases the filamentous actin pool 25-50 percent. Glucose, sodium azide, dinitrophenol, serum starvation, or thymidine treatment does not affect the distribution between unpolymerized and filamentous actin to any significant extent. Trypsin and EDTA induced rounding up of cells but did not change the actin distribution. The distribution of actin between G- and F-forms was unchanged after adenovirus infection. These results show that significant changes in the actin pools can be induced in nucleated cells. However, several treatments which alter the morphology and motility of cells are not accompanied by an alteration in the G-/F-actin ratio

Factors Affecting Swedish Forest Property Prices

Historically the price of a forest estate has, at least in Sweden, been closely related to the financial return from the estate, but this connection no longer seems to be that strong, other factors that previously had limited influence on prices now add to the price. Factors like site productivity and age distribution affect the financial return of a forest estate but is it obvious that these factors still influence prices as they once did? Over the last 20 years, the price of forest estates has increased dramatically. If development of prices has led to a weakened connection between return and price, could this be explained by the fact that previously price affecting factors have less weight when valuing forest estates? The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate how a number of factors influence the forest estate price; including site productivity and age distribution. The results shows that neither site productivity, nor age distribution have a significant impact on the forest estate price. What mainly influence the prices seems to be the standing forest volume on the estate and region. The development of the prices seems not only to have influenced the relationship between the return from the forest and the prices, but also minimized the influence of factors like age distribution and site productivity. This means that estates that are bought within the same region, at the same price per cubic meter, can have considerably different potential to gain financial return

Finansiering av djurstall

I conducted this examinasions work because I want to find out how loan to farmes are working and more specific towards younger farmers. What you have to think about before you go to the bank and what the banks are thinking about lending money to farmers. This work is based on an investment plan propasal for 20 000 laying hens on a farm in the Kalmar area. The investment plan propasals have two diffrent alternetives, one farm on 25 hectares and one on 50 hectares. I have chosen this becouse I wanted to study how the diffrent sizes of farms are changing the banks thoughts about lending money. These investment plan propasals have included four banks with questionnaire and deep interview. During the meeting with diffrent banks I have made inqurie about lending money to farming companies. Most of the banks I have talked to did say it should not be at all unlikely to lend money to this project. The Ölandsbank thought that I have calculated with to little money to run the company. The Nordeabank thought that the calculation was too weak. The banks i have talked to says that the farmers need to describe their bussiness plans more and better before they contact the bank about lending money. Some farmes need to be better to sell their products. It is very important to have a good repayment solution today and the person behind the investment is very important.Detta examensarbete gjorde jag för att jag ville undersöka hur utlåning till lantbruket går till och då främst till yngre lantbrukare. Vad man skall tänka på och vilket krav och resonemang de olika bankerna för. Vad har de för krav på egen insats och säkerheter i investeringarna. Detta arbete bygger på ett investeringsförslag för 20 000 värphöns på en gård i Kalmar län. I investeringsförslaget finns det två olika alternativ: en gård på 25 ha åker och en på 50 ha åker. Det är två olika förslag för att kunna studera hur de olika säkerheterna påverkar belåningssituationen. Detta investeringsförslag har presenterats för fyra olika banker som har fått bedöma förslaget samt under de olika intervjuerna har det ställts kompletterande frågor om utlåning. De flesta av de tillfrågade bankerna ser det som möjligt att finansiera denna typ av investering. Ölandsbanken tyckte att rörelsekapitalbehovet var underskattat och Nordea tycker att kalkylen var för svag. Den gemensamma synen från bankerna om utlåning till lantbruket är att lantbrukaren behöver beskriva sina investeringsförslag bättre med en affärsplan generellt, samt att vissa lantbrukare behöver bli bättre på att sälja sina produkter. Återbetalningsförmågan är mycket viktigt för dagens investeringar samt företagaren bakom investeringen

Natural regeneration of broad leaved forests in the county of Örebro

The Regional Forestry Board in Värmland- Örebro needs increased knowledge on silviculture in broad- leaved forests. This thesis is an inventory of naturally regenerated broad leaved forests, and the results from the inventory have been compared with The Regional Forestry Board's demands on regeneration results. The result of this inventory was that the regenerated sites were suitable for broad leaved trees, but only half the number of the stands fulfilled the demands of regeneration results of The Regional Forestry Board, mainly because of gaps in the stands. The gaps in the stands were mainly caused by lack of soil preparation and seed trees.Skogsvårdstyrelsen i Värmland- Örebro (SVSST) behöver ökad kunskap om lövskogsskötsel. Detta examensarbete är ett led i att öka kunskapen om lövskogsskötsel genom inventering av ett antal naturliga lövskogsföryngringar inom Örebro län. Inventeringen genomfördes under juni och juli sommaren 2003. Inventeringsresultatet jämfördes med Skogsvårdsstyrelsens krav på lövskogsföryngringar och med vad som skrivits om lövträdsskötsel, främst lämpliga föryngringsåtgärder och marker. Resultatet var att föryngringarna var anlagda på lämpliga marker men att hälften av lövskogsföryngringarna inte var godkända, främst p.g.a. luckigheten i bestånden. Luckigheten berodde till största delen på bristande föryngringsåtgärder, såsom markbehandling och brist på skärmträd

Фотодинамическая терапия экспериментального острого холецистита

фотохимиотерапияхолецистит /те