The New Jim and Jane Crow Intersect: Challenges to Defending the Parental Rights of Mothers During Incarceration

Family law scholars and advocates have expressed the importance of providing counsel to parents in the family regulation system, especially parents who are incarcerated, because of the system’s complexities. This article establishes, however, that when mothers must navigate both the family regulation and criminal legal systems, the protections appointed parents’ counsel are supposed to provide are weakened. These harms are heightened especially for Black mothers within the carceral state. As this article shows, appointed lawyers in family regulation cases cannot properly protect the due process rights of mothers who are incarcerated because of the added challenges both mothers and their lawyers face. As a result, families are destined to experience trauma, and are likely to end with the termination of parental rights. This article offers concrete recommendations to address these critical issues and demands a reduction in the number of mothers who are incarcerated and in the family regulation system

Black Women and Voter Suppression

Black women who are eligible to vote do so at consistently high rates during elections in the United States. For thousands of Black women, however, racism, sexism, and criminal convictions intersect to require them to navigate a maze of laws and policies that keep them from voting. With the alarming rate of convictions and incarceration of Black women, criminal law intersects with civil rights to bar their involvement in the electoral process. This voting ban is known as felony disenfranchisement, but it amounts to voter suppression. By reconceptualizing voter suppression based on criminal convictions through the experiences of Black women’s access to their voting rights, this Article adds a new perspective to the rich scholarship analyzing voting rights. This Article examines the history of Black women’s exclusion from the ballot box in the United States, including how the racist legacy of Jim Crow and Jane Crow continue through mass incarceration and voter suppression schemes. Using Florida’s disenfranchisement maze as a case study, this Article shows that while Black women and other advocates have led attempts to abolish voter suppression schemes, permanently, they have yet to succeed through the judicial, executive, or legislative branches. The ostensible reasons for these voter suppression schemes vary, but the outcome has been the devaluation of the interests of Black women and their communities while preserving the voting priorities of white communities. This Article concludes by demanding that individuals, including voters and members of all branches of the government, recognize Black women’s voting rights and work to dismantle these voter suppression schemes. Until then, society will continue to bar Black women from the ballot box disproportionately and disregard the justice and democratic values the United States claims to hold dear

The New Jim and Jane Crow Intersect

Presently, the state does not enable counsel to effectively protect the parental rights of mothers who are incarcerated. While parents are incarcerated and their children are in the family regulation system, the New Jim Crow and New Jane Crow intersect to separate and destroy families. This Article adds to existing literature demonstrating how the New Jim Crow and New Jane Crow impose too many obstacles for parents' lawyers and shines a new light on the latent defects in the state's provision of access to appointed counsel.

Education for sustainable development in higher education: evaluating coherence between theory and praxis

Universities are an important part of the process of change taking place in society. However, this is often overshadowed by these institutions giving priority to technocratic models in the relationship between science and society. In this context, according to Habermas, theories can serve to clarify practical questions and guide praxis into the right actions (social emancipation and rational autonomy). Habermas introduces the need to evaluate the particular contexts in which scientific arguments are made and assessed. The aim of this study was to develop a set of assessment criteria for education for sustainable development in higher education curricula. These were developed in line with Habermas by introducing further adaptions within the context of education for sustainable development. These criteria were tested in a blended learning master’s programme in Environmental Citizenship and Participation at the Universidade Aberta, Portugal. The following research tools were used as follows: (i) a questionnaire survey to the graduates; (ii) content analysis applied to the information guide and to the abstracts of the dissertations that were produced. The case study revealed that an absence of theoretical frameworks could lead to inconsistencies between theory and praxis. Improvements to curricula are then drawn from this study

Double Sentence: The Consequences Incarcerated Mothers Face and the Impact on Their Children, in The State of Criminal Justice 2016 (Mark E. Wojcik ed., 2016)

Published annually, The State of Criminal Justice serves as a resource for policymakers, academics and students of the criminal justice system alike. The book provides a snapshot of major developments in the criminal justice system during 2015 and a preview of developments in 2016.https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/fac_books/1137/thumbnail.jp

Sexual Assault Proceedings on College Campuses: Current Issues, in The State of Criminal Justice 2017 (Mark E. Wojcik ed., 2017)

Published annually, The State of Criminal Justice serves as a resource for policymakers, academics and students of the criminal justice system. The book provides a snapshot of major developments in the criminal justice system during 2016 and a preview of developments in 2017, and is a valuable indication of future directions for criminal justice in the United States.https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/fac_books/1136/thumbnail.jp

Cancer risk in HIV-infected patients

International audienc

Frailty in HIV infected people: a new risk factor for bone mineral density loss

International audienceObjective: The study aims to assess the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and frailty in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. Design: A cross-sectional study in an HIV outpatient unit where nearly 1000 patients are monitored. Methods: Study participants undergoing bone densitometry were proposed an evaluation of frailty using criteria of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Frailty markers were weight-loss, self-reported exhaustion , physical activity, grip strength, chair stands, and slow gait. Patients' characteristics were collected from an electronic medical record. Associations of frailty with BMD and osteoporosis were tested using multivariate linear and logit regression models, respectively. Results: In total, 175 HIV-infected patients, 121 (69.14%) men, were analyzed. Prevalence of frailty markers, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were comparable among sexes. Despite a younger age, spinal and femoral neck BMD were lower in women (P < 0.05). Linear regression model adjusting by age, duration of HIV follow-up, BMI, smoking status, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis treatment, and the age at menopause showed a negative association of spinal and femoral BMD with frailty according to SOF criteria in women (P < 0.05). In men, SOF-defined frailty was associated with osteoporosis (odds ratio 28.79; 95% confidence interval 2.15-386.4) in a model adjusting for age, duration of HIV follow-up, CD4 þ nadir, CD4 þ T-cell count, tobacco consumption, exposure to tenofovir (TDF) and protease inhibitors. No significant associations were found between BMD and CHS-defined frailty. Conclusion: Our study shows that frailty according to SOF criteria is associated with low spinal BMD values in female and osteoporosis in male HIV-infected patients

Consultation « santé sexuelle et affective » : quelles attentes pour les personnes vivant avec le VIH ?

International audienceObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are particularly affected in their sexual life. Medical support of PLWH's sexuality is increasingly proposed however no data are available. We assessed the interest of PLWH for sexual and emotional health support within a French HIV outpatient care facility.Population and methodsAnonymous questionnaire proposed to PVWH attending our facility. Five types of consultations were investigated: overall sexual and emotional health; HIV transmission and prevention; sexually transmitted diseases; sexual practices; recreational drugs. Cluster analysis in order to identify groups of PLWH with similar expectations.ResultsA total of 138 questionnaires completed: 64.5% were interested by at least one type of consultation. No significant differences between clusters by gender, age, or sexual orientation.ConclusionThese results confirm patients’ demand for sexual and emotional health support in the frame of PLWH's health care. Patients declaring no interest for this type of consultation were no different from those interested.ObjectifsLes personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) sont particulièrement affectées dans leur vie sexuelle. La prise en charge médicale de leur sexualité se développe, mais aucune donnée n’est disponible. Évaluation de l’intérêt pour des consultations de santé sexuelle et affective au sein d’une unité ambulatoire de prise en charge des PVVIH.Patients et méthodesQuestionnaire anonyme proposé aux patients fréquentant le service. Cinq types de consultations évaluées : santé sexuelle et affective, modes de transmission et de prévention, infections sexuellement transmissibles, pratiques sexuelles, drogues récréatives. Analyse de cluster pour identifier des patients ayant des besoins similaires.RésultatsAu total, 138 questionnaires complétés. Le pourcentage des intéressés par au moins un type de consultation est de 64,5. Pas de différence en termes d’âge, de sexe ou d’orientation sexuelle entre les clusters.ConclusionCette étude met en évidence le besoin des patients concernant la prise en charge de leur santé sexuelle et affective