Perinatal protein malnutrition modulates the immunoreactivity of 5-HT1B and density of 5-HT in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of young rats in response to a feeding stimulus / Desnutrição protéica perinatal modula a imunorreatividade de 5-HT1B e a densidade de 5-HT no núcleo do Trato Solitário (NTS) de ratos jovens em resposta à estimulo alimentar

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) has emerged as an important area in the regulation of eating behavior by the serotonergic system. Some evidence also points out that this area is susceptible to nutritional stimuli in the perinatal period. Thus, we aim to analyze the effects of perinatal protein malnutrition on the density of serotonin and the immunoreactivity (IR) of its 5-HT1B receptor in NTS. Female rats were submitted to the normoproteic (17% casein) (PN) or low protein diet (8% casein) (LP) during pregnancy and lactation. At 35 days of age, male offspring was subjected to a 4-hour food deprivation, followed by standard food offer for 90 minutes. Then they were euthanized by transcardiac perfusion and the brains were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry analyzes against serotonin and 5-HT1B. Malnutrition modified the density of serotonin mainly in the intermediate sub-nucleus (SOLIM) of the NTS, while the IR of 5-HT1B was increased in the ventral-lateral (SOLVL), intermediate (SOLIM) and medial (SOLM) sub-nuclei of the NTS. From this, we conclude that perinatal protein malnutrition modulates serotonergic activity in NTS in response to food stimulus

Floresta, política e trabalho: a exploração das madeiras-de-lei no Recôncavo da Guanabara (1760-1820) Forest, politics and labor: the extraction of timber in the Recôncavo da Guanabara (1760-1820)

O artigo procura contribuir para o adensamento da historiografia acerca das operações de extração das madeiras-de-lei, espécies de árvores particularmente propícias à construção naval e por isso legalmente reservadas à apropriação preferencial por parte da Coroa portuguesa no território colonial. O recorte espaço-temporal abarca os sertões do Recôncavo da Guanabara (Capitania do Rio de Janeiro) e, em particular, a bacia do rio Macacu no final do período colonial. Usa-se documentação variada (crônicas oficiais, descrições de viajantes, correspondência, lista nominativa de habitantes e inventário post-mortem) com o objetivo de mostrar que as relações socioeconômicas dos atores envolvidos (funcionários reais, proprietários fundiários, fabricantes, serradores etc.) entre si e com a floresta eram ditadas por negociações cotidianas que viabilizavam a 'letra fria' das leis metropolitanas.<br>The article aims to contribute for the still rarified historiography about the extraction of madeiras-de-lei, those tree species that are particularly suitable for shipbuilding and, for that reason, legally reserved for preferential appropriation by the Portuguese crown in the Brazilian colonial territory. The space-temporal outline embraces the inner lands of Recôncavo da Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro captaincy), in particular the Macacu river basin, at the end of the colonial period. Varied documentation (official chronicles, travelers accounts, letters, a economic-demographic census, and a post-mortem inventory) is used in order to show that socioeconomic relations among the actors involved (royal bureaucracy, landowners, timber producers, sawyers, etc.), and those between them and the forest were dictated by daily life negotiations which made the 'cold letter' of metropolitan laws viable

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora