El tutú, su historia y su carga simbólica hacia la femineidad el cambio de la mirada hacia el ballet como el arte del movimiento y su vestuario

The story of the tutu is relevant to the world of ballet because costumes wrote the history of dance, the same that for long times was denied by the institutions of art. Ballet because of keep its nature in movement, questioned and make big changes in the way society look at the body, specially the feminine. That is why Tutu, as ballet symbol, had a great influence in the fashion world of that time. The idealism of femininity reflected in the dancers was everywhere: films, posters, photographs and of course on the runways, signs that developed until the twentieth century and remain to this day.La historia del tutú es relevante para el mundo del ballet ya que este vestuario escribió la historia de la danza, la misma que por largas épocas fue negada por la institucionalidad del arte debido a la mirada con la que se juzgaba esa forma particular de exponer el cuerpo. El ballet por llevar el movimiento en su naturaleza, cuestionó y forzó a cambiar la mirada hacia el cuerpo, principalmente al femenino. Es por esto que el tutú, al ser el símbolo por excelencia del ballet, tuvo una gran influencia en el mundo de la moda de dicha época. El ideal de la femineidad reflejado en las bailarinas se encontraba en todas partes: filmes, posters, fotografías y por supuesto en las pasarelas, códigos que se desarrollaron hasta el siglo XX y permanecen hasta nuestros días

Medida del espesor central de la córnea en una población adulta normal de la Sierra y Costa del Ecuador

in a normal adult population from the Highlands and Coastal regions of Ecuador. Methods: This is a retrospective study in which the charts from 741 patients from the highlands and coastal regions of Ecuador were examined, in order to obtain pachymetric data, correlate it to demographic and clinical aspects, and compare the results to other populations. Results: Among the 741 patients, 417 were female and 324 were male. The mean age was 31.87 years, 32.3% came from the coast and 67.7% came from the highlands. The normal value of CCT was 548.85 ± 33.11μm, with a statistically important difference among the value from the highlands and the value from the coast 553.88 ± 32.51μm vs. 538.28 ± 31.91μm respectively (p= 0.000). Females had thinner corneas than males 546.65 ± 32.82μm vs. 551.68 ± 33.31μm (p= 0.040).Objetivo: Describir la distribución de la medida del espesor central de la córnea (ECC) en una población adulta normal de la sierra y costa del Ecuador. Métodos: En este estudio de corte transversal, se examinó retrospectivamente los expedientes de 741 pacientes provenientes de la sierra y costa ecuatoriana, con el propósito de obtener los datos paquimétricos, correlacionarlos con factores demográficos y clínicos y compararlos con otras poblaciones. Resultados: De los 741 pacientes 417 eran mujeres y 324 hombres, la edad promedio fue 31.87 años, los de la costa representaron el 32.3% y los de la sierra el 67.7%. El valor normal del ECC fue 548.85 ± 33.11μm, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los de la sierra y costa 553.88 ± 32.51μm vs 538.28 ± 31.91μm respectivamente (p= 0.000)

Identificación y diseño del controlador para un sistema regulador de temperatura en un cuarto térmico.

La identificación de sistemas construye modelos matemáticos de sistemas dinámicos basándose en las entradas y salidas observadas. Aunque una parte sustancial del desarrollo de las técnicas está ligado a la Comunidad de Control, la identificación de sistemas está básicamente construida a partir de técnicas estadísticas, en particular en los métodos de regresión lineal y no-lineal. Construir modelos para sistemas desconocidos es un objetivo importante de la Ingeniería de control. Estos modelos necesitan simular el comportamiento real en los casos en que existe un conocimiento previo limitado de la estructura del sistema. El diseño de un controlador continuo o discreto, ya sea mediante técnicas clásicas o en variables de estado, requiere de un modelo de la planta a controlar que caracterice su comportamiento dinámico. Este modelo permite al diseñador realizar y validar mediante simulación el ajuste de los parámetros del controlador que permiten obtener una respuesta que satisfaga las especificaciones de diseño. En este proyecto de graduación se estudian diferentes alternativas para obtener el modelo de un sistema como paso previo al diseño de un controlador.ESPO

um estudo de caso no Equador

A responsabilidade social é um tema importante para os centros de educação superior. Muitas universidades destinam fundos para a execução de projetos sociais. Esses projetos se desenvolvem num contexto onde é preciso aproveitar ao máximo os recursos disponíveis. É neste cenário que este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa-ação como uma metodologia que permite avaliar e melhorar a execução de projetos sociais desenvolvidos dentro da universidade, na procura de mais eficiência e maiores impactos. Por meio de um estudo de caso desenvolvido numa universidade no Equador, foi possível visibilizar as dificuldades e potencialidades da prática usada na execução dos projetos de vinculação com a sociedade, implementar mudanças na prática e avaliar os resultados

Factores asociados a la falta de adherencia de tratamiento en pacientes con glaucoma

Objective. Was to determine the factors associated with the lack of adherence to ophthalmological treatment in patients with glaucoma, at a private clinic. Methods. Observational, analytical and crosssectional design. The sample consisted of 106 patients with a previous diagnosis of glaucoma. The statistical analysis was carried out with STATAv.16., the Student’s t test, the Chi square test and the logistic regression analysis were performed with a level of significance of 5%. Results. The average age of the patients was 66,6 ± 13,8 years, the majority were women (59,43%), from the coast (62,26%), with a high school degree education (38,68). The frequency of poor adherence to ophthalmological treatment was 69,81% (n = 74). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that accessibility to medications (OR = 0,10; 95% CI = 0,03-0,32) and compliance with the time of medication (OR = 0,09; 95% CI = 0,02- 0,33) represent protective factors of poor adherence to treatment, while the interruption of medication due to feeling good in health (OR = 9,23; 95% CI = 1,08-78,52), needing help to place the drops (OR = 2,61; 95% CI = 1,10-6,20) and stopping treatment if help is not found (OR = 4,43; 95% CI = 1,19-16,25) represent risk factors for poor adherence to ophthalmological treatment. Conclusion. Glaucoma patients without access to medications, who fail to adhere to their medication schedule, who interrupt their medication because they feel good, who need help in their care and cannot find help are more prone to poor adherence to ophthalmological treatment.Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados a la falta de adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico en pacientes con glaucoma, en una clínica privada. Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. La muestra fue conformada por 106 pacientes con diagnóstico previo de glaucoma. El análisis estadístico se realizó con ayuda del programa STATAv.16., se realizó la prueba t de Student, la prueba Chi cuadrado y el análisis de regresión logística, el nivel de significancia fue 5%. Resultados. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 66,6 ± 13,8 años, la mayoría fueron mujeres (59,43%), procedentes de la costa (62,26%), con grado de instrucción secundaria (38,68%). La frecuencia de mala adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico fue 69,81% (n=74). El análisis multivariado de regresión logística reveló que la accesibilidad a los medicamentos (OR=0,10; IC95%=0,03-0,32) y cumplir la hora de la medicación (OR=0,09; IC95%=0.02-0.33) representaron factores protectores de mala adherencia al tratamiento, mientras que la interrupción de la medicación por sentirse bien de salud (OR=9,23; IC95%=1,08-78,52), necesitar ayuda para colocarse las gotas (OR=2,61; IC95%=1,10-6,20) y suspender el tratamiento si no encuentra ayuda (OR=4.43; IC95%=1,19-16,25) representaron factores de riesgo de mala adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico. Conclusión. Los pacientes con glaucoma sin acceso a los medicamentos, que incumplen horario de su medicación, que interrumpen la medicación por sentirse bien de salud, que necesitan ayuda en su atención y no encuentran la ayuda son más propensos a una mala adherencia al tratamiento oftalmológico

INVENTARIO DEL CICLO DE VIDA DEL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE BAMBÚ ROLLIZO TRATADO DE LA ESPECIE DENDROCALAMUS ASPER EN EL NOROCCIDENTE DE PICHINCHA

The Life Cycle Assessment of local building materials contributes to the development of databases that display and quantify the environmental impact of manufacture processes, use and disposal of each material. It is a support tool to make design decisions towards more sustainable architecture and construction processes. This paper presents a case of Life Cycle Inventory developed in a company situated in northwestern Pichincha; it is about the production process of bamboo Dendrocalamus asper treated stalks, which are used primarily as building structure. The method was developed in accordance with the ISO14042 procedures. The results indicate the environmental impact factors during the process; in this case the biggest impact comes from the fuel used during the transportation.El Análisis de Ciclo de Vida de materiales de construcción locales, contribuye a la elaboración de bases de datos, donde se muestre y cuantifique el impacto ambiental de los procesos necesarios para la fabricación, uso y descarte de cada material; siendo una herramienta de apoyo en la toma de decisiones de diseño enfocadas hacia una arquitectura y procesos constructivos más sostenibles. El presente trabajo muestra un estudio de Inventario de Ciclo de Vida realizado en una empresa del noroccidente de Pichincha sobre el proceso productivo de tallos de bambú Dendrocalamus asper tratado, comercializados principalmente para su aplicación como estructura en edificaciones. El método fue desarrollado conforme los procedimientos indicados en la norma ISO 14042. Los resultados indican los factores de mayor impacto ambiental durante el proceso, en este caso el combustible usado para el transporte del producto

Skinfold thickness and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: an analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between excess body fat, assessed by skinfold thickness, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT). DESIGN: Data from the ongoing PERU MIGRANT Study were analysed. The outcomes were T2DM and HT, and the exposure was skinfold thickness measured in bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac areas. The Durnin-Womersley formula and SIRI equation were used for body fat percentage estimation. Risk ratios and population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated using Poisson regression. SETTING: Rural (Ayacucho) and urban shantytown district (San Juan de Miraflores, Lima) in Peru. PARTICIPANTS: Adults (n 988) aged ≥30 years (rural, rural-to-urban migrants, urban) completed the baseline study. A total of 785 and 690 were included in T2DM and HT incidence analysis, respectively. RESULTS: At baseline, age mean was 48·0 (sd 12·0) years and 47 % were males. For T2DM, in 7·6 (sd 1·3) years, sixty-one new cases were identified, overall incidence of 1·0 (95 % CI 0·8, 1·3) per 100 person-years. Bicipital and subscapular skinfolds were associated with 2·8-fold and 6·4-fold risk of developing T2DM. On the other hand, in 6·5 (sd 2·5) years, overall incidence of HT was 2·6 (95 % CI 2·2, 3·1) per 100 person-years. Subscapular and overall fat obesity were associated with 2·4- and 2·9-fold risk for developing HT. The PAF for subscapular skinfold was 73·6 and 39·2 % for T2DM and HT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found a strong association between subscapular skinfold thickness and developing T2DM and HT. Skinfold assessment can be a laboratory-free strategy to identify high-risk HT and T2DM cases

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Blood pressure and 10-year all-cause mortality: Findings from the PERU MIGRANT Study

Background: The long-term impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality outcomes has been recently revisited due to proposed changes in cut-offs for hypertension. This study aimed at assessing the association between high blood pressure levels and 10-year mortality using the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) and the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2017 blood pressure guidelines. Methods: Data of the PERU MIGRANT Study, a prospective ongoing cohort, was used. The outcome of interest was 10-year all-cause mortality, and exposures were blood pressure categories according to the JNC-7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines. Log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to assess the associations of interest controlling for confounders. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 976 records, mean age of 60.4 (SD: 11.4), 513 (52.6%) women, were analyzed. Hypertension prevalence at baseline almost doubled from 16.0% (95% CI 13.7%–18.4%) to 31.3% (95% CI 28.4%–34.3%), using the JNC-7 and ACC/AHA 2017 definitions, respectively. Sixty-three (6.4%) participants died during the 10-year follow-up, equating to a mortality rate of 3.6 (95% CI 2.4–4.7) per 1000 person-years. Using JNC-7, and compared to those with normal blood pressure, those with pre-hypertension and hypertension had 2-fold and 3.5-fold increased risk of death, respectively. Similar mortality effect sizes were estimated using ACC/AHA 2017 for stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. Conclusions: Blood pressure levels under two different definitions increased the risk of 10-year all-cause mortality. Hypertension prevalence doubled using ACC/AHA 2017 compared to JNC-7. The choice of blood pressure cut-offs to classify hypertension categories need to be balanced against the patients benefit and the capacities of the health system to adequately handle a large proportion of new patients