A Study of the Decarboxylation of Trichloroacetic Acid in Solutions of Water and Dimethylsulfoxide

Author Institution: Department of Physical Science, Denison University, Granville, OhioThe decarboxylation of trichloroacetic acid has been found to occur readily at temperatures as low as 25.0°C in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide in water solutions, a fact not previously reported in chemical literature. The reaction rate is dependent upon the concentration of the dimethylsulfoxide. The reaction rate constant increases about sixty percent as the concentration of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is increased from c. 50 percent to c. 86 percent. The reaction is first order and the rate is also influenced by the actual concentration of the trichloroacetate ion. An effect of the DMSO is to increase the concentration of this ion. The paper presents density curves at 20.00°C and 25.00°C (each±0.05 °C) for solutions of DMSO in water

Genome-wide association study of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reveals genomic loci stratified by ANCA status

Abstract: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown cause. 30% of patients have anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Here, we describe a genome-wide association study in 676 EGPA cases and 6809 controls, that identifies 4 EGPA-associated loci through conventional case-control analysis, and 4 additional associations through a conditional false discovery rate approach. Many variants are also associated with asthma and six are associated with eosinophil count in the general population. Through Mendelian randomisation, we show that a primary tendency to eosinophilia contributes to EGPA susceptibility. Stratification by ANCA reveals that EGPA comprises two genetically and clinically distinct syndromes. MPO+ ANCA EGPA is an eosinophilic autoimmune disease sharing certain clinical features and an HLA-DQ association with MPO+ ANCA-associated vasculitis, while ANCA-negative EGPA may instead have a mucosal/barrier dysfunction origin. Four candidate genes are targets of therapies in development, supporting their exploration in EGPA