Nubel, père de Sammac*, Firmus*, Gildon*, etc.

Des recherches récentes (Laporte, 2004 et à paraître) sur Nubel et sa famille ont écarté du dossier divers documents dont une inscription de Rusguniae (qui concerne un homonyme partiel et plus tardif), la dédicace dite du « col des Beni Aïcha » (sur laquelle le nom de Nubel n’était lu que par une restitution fort contestable), et enfin le mausolée de Blad Guitoun (plus tardif). Ceci a permis d’éliminer une bonne partie des hypothèses, notamment généalogiques, qui en découlaient. En revanche, ..

Gustave Hannezo (1857-1922) et l’archéologie tunisienne

In addition to his military professional duties, from soldier to officer, Gustave Hannezo (1857-1822), developed in Tunisia, from 1886 to 1909, a considerable archaeological activity, rich in excavations, epigraphic reports, and various artifacts, above all in Punic and Roman necropolises of Sousse, where was his main garrison. In the honor hall of his regiment, he installed a Museum, of which he gave in 1902 the catalog, joint with that of the museum of the city. He carried out shorter searches in Salakta, Mahdia, Hadjeb al-Aïoun, Lamta, Sfax, Bizerte, etc., but also during some garrisons in France and campaigns in Algeria. As he went along, he systematically pointed out interesting discoveries to the French Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS). He continued after his retirement in France in 1909. Recalled to service since the declaration of war, 1914, August 2th, he monitored digging of trenches in northern France and found various ancient artifacts. Back in his Mâcon home in 1919, he went on publishing synthesis notes about Tunisian ancient cities, until his death in 1922. Many interesting facts could be gleaned in his notes and reports for Tunisian archeology.A côté de ses occupations professionnelles, un militaire de carrière sorti du rang, Gustave Hannezo (1857-1822) a développé en Tunisie, de 1886 à 1909, une activité archéologique considérable, riche de fouilles, de signalements épigraphiques, et d’objets divers, notamment dans les nécropoles puniques et romaines de Sousse, où se trouvait sa garnison principale. Dans la salle d’honneur de son régiment, il installa un Musée, dont il donna en 1902 le catalogue joint à celui du musée de la ville. Il fit des recherches de plus courte durée à Salakta, Mahdia, Hadjeb el-Aïoun, Lamta, Sfax, Bizerte, etc., mais aussi lors de garnisons en France et de campagnes en Algérie. Au fur et à mesure, il signalait systématiquement les parties intéressantes au Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Il continua après sa retraite en France en 1909. Rappelé au service dès la déclaration de guerre, le 2 août 1914, il n’oublia pas de surveiller le creusement des tranchées dans le nord de la France et y trouva divers objets antiques. De retour dans son foyer mâconnais en 1919, il continua à publier des notes de synthèse sur des villes tunisiennes, jusqu’à sa mort en 1922. Il reste beaucoup à glaner pour l’archéologie tunisienne dans ses notes et signalements

N’Gaous (wilaya de Batna), antique Nicivibus (Numidie) : Histoire antique, médiévale et moderne

La ville de N’gaous est construite à l’emplacement de l’antique Nicivibus, sans doute le chef-lieu (Gsell, Atlas, 27, no 161) de la tribu libyque des Nicives*, dont dérive son nom à l’ablatif, Nicivibus, que l’on pourrait rendre de manière approximative par « chez les Nicives ». Ce nom est en réalité toujours le même à travers les différentes prononciations et transcriptions : Nikaous, Nacaous, Nigaous, Niqâwu’s, N’gaous, etc. P.-L. Cambuzat (1986, t. II, p. 178-181) rappelle d’ailleurs que l..

Nanoscopy in nonlinear scanning fluorescence imaging systems

In the last 30 years, superresolution in optical microscopy has been a major field of research. During this time, different techniques have been created to break the diffraction limit in order to make observations at a nanometric scale. Given that optical microscopy is non-invasive, those superresolution methods pave the way for a better understanding of biological mechanism at a molecular level. Most of those methods are based on a nonlinear interaction between the excitation light intensity and the sample response (often fluorescent signal). In the same time, nanodiamonds containing fluorescent defects have been proven to be a choice probe for superresolution nanos-copy since they exhibit a strong and stable fluorescent signal even under high light intensities exposure (often required to obtain nonlinear photoresponse). Nanodiamonds containing Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) defects that exhibit a red fluorescent signal had been previously shown to be a viable biomarker for STED superresolved image. First, we demonstrated that green fluorescent nanodia-monds containing Nitrogen-Vacancy-Nitrogen (NVN) defects can be used with a Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) superreso-lution microscope. Then, we implemented a STED microscope in our lab and compared the properties of NVN and NV centers for STED imaging. We conclude that even if nanodiamonds with NVN defects are less intense, they can be used as a second color nonbleaching biomarker. To illustrate the potential use of green nanodiamonds as bio-compatible probe, we superresolved them internalized into a cell with STED microscopy. Second, we tried to work on one of the main limitation in STED nanoscopy: the lack of information in the axial direction within a single scan. We combined our home made STED microscope with a Double Helix phase mask that modifies the detection point spread function in order to obtain axial localization of the superresolved emitters. We achieved three dimensional localization of nanometric fluorescent emitters but we note that photobleaching was the main limitation of this approach with organic dyes. We discussed different solutions to limit the photobleaching and their feasibility. We also worked on a different superresolution technique that we named Computational Nonlinear Saturated (CNS) microscopy. We showed that with digital post treatment of the acquired data, a nonlinear photoresponse can be harnessed to any scanning microscope equipped with a camera detector to enhance the resolution. We demonstrated that increasing the excitation power and inducing fluorescence saturation, it is possible to break the diffraction limit in a conventional confocal microscope (after data post-treatment). However, with this method, we did not obtain a gain in resolution as high as with other superresolution tech-niques involving fluorescence saturation, such as saturated structured illumination microscopy. To understand the origin of this limitation, we carried out simulation to investigate the performance of CNS microscopy in noisy environments compared with wide field techniques. We propose alternative implementation and quantify the possible resolution gain with simulations. Finally, we demonstrated how a technique, initially created for optical microscopy, can be adapted to lensless endoscopic imaging..

R38. RUS- (< RO’Š), préfixe punique

International audienceR38. RUS-(< RO'Š), préfixe punique La toponymie antique de l'Afrique du Nord présente quatre préfixes provenant manifestement du monde phénico-punique : QRT (ville, à ne pas confondre avec le libyque « Cirta », dont la forme complète est KRṬN), MQM (lieu, endroit), Y-(île), R'Š (cap) (Sznycer 1975). Cette présence est un indice clair de contacts précoces du monde libyque avec le monde phénico-punique; elle constitue un important indice de punicisation* ancienne. La transcription canonique du vocable punique est R'Š (Bron 2014) : il s'agit d'un nom commun sémitique fondamental (hébreu ro'š, arabe ra's…) dont la signification première est « tête », mais aussi, dans toutes ces langues, « sommet, cap, promontoire, extrémité, chef… », ce qui explique sa grande fréquence en toponymie. Dans cet usage géographique, il est abondamment attesté dans les langues sémitiques anciennes comme dans les langues modernes : par ex. hébreu ancien : Ro'š ha-har [sommet de la montagne] (Exode, 19, 20) ; Ro'š ha-pisga [sommet de la colline] (Exode, 17, 10] ; Ro'š ha-Lebanon [sommet du Liban] (Jéremie, 22, 6). De nos jours encore, certains sites portent le nom de Ro'š pour désigner, soit des sommets/pics, soit des caps : Ro'š ha-Niqra [Cap des gouffres], cité côtière située à la frontière israélo-libanaise, Ro'š Pina sur le Golan... La variante arabe ra's est illustrée par des centaines, voire des milliers d'occurrences, notamment sur toutes les côtes des pays arabophones : Ra's Šamra [Cap du fenouil] (Ougarit, Syrie) ; Ra's Tannūra [cap du four/brasier] (port pétrolier d'Arabie saoudite) ; en Afrique du Nord, on en relève des dizaines d'exemples de la Tunisie au Maroc : Ras Kaboudia, Ras Salakta, Ras El Hadid… Le terme phénico-punique r'oš a tout à fait normalement été réinterprété rus en latin, langue dont la forme classique ne possédait pas l'alvéolaire chuintante [š]

Numides, Numidie

Avertissement : Les différentes composantes de cette notice ont été rédigées par X. Dupuis, M. Ghaki et J.-P-Laporte. Les textes ont été revus et complétés par J. Desanges (Numidie ancienne) et N. Duval (Numidie tardive) qui ont ainsi contribué à l’effort commun. I. Une géographie imprécise et variable II. Une Numidie traditionnelle III. La Numidie ancienne IV. Les tribus de la Numidie V. La Numidie romaine (de – 46 à + 429) VI. La Numidie chrétienne VII. La Numidie vandale VIII. La Numidie b..

Inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone as markers of gonadal function after hematopoietic cell transplantation during childhood

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is difficult to predict the reproductive capacity of children given hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) before pubertal age because the plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are not informative and no spermogram can be done.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We classified the gonadal function of 38 boys and 34 girls given HCT during childhood who had reached pubertal age according to their pubertal development and FSH and LH and compared this to their plasma inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ten (26%) boys had normal testicular function, 16 (42%) had isolated tubular failure and 12 (32%) also had Leydig cell failure. All 16 boys given melphalan had tubular failure. AMH were normal in 25 patients and decreased in 6, all of whom had increased FSH and low inhibin B.</p> <p>Seven (21%) girls had normal ovarian function, 11 (32%) had partial and 16 (47%) complete ovarian failure. 7/8 girls given busulfan had increased FSH and LH and 7/8 had low inhibin B. AMH indicated that ovarian function was impaired in all girls.</p> <p>FSH and inhibin B were negatively correlated in boys (P < 0.0001) and girls (P = 0.0006). Neither the age at HCT nor the interval between HCT and evaluation influenced gonadal function.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The concordance between FSH and inhibin B suggests that inhibin B may help in counselling at pubertal age. In boys, AMH were difficult to use as they normally decrease when testosterone increases at puberty. In girls, low AMH suggest that there is major loss of primordial follicles.</p