Dípteros de importancia sanitaria asociados al compostaje de biosólidos en Argentina

OBJECTIVE: Odorous compounds produced at the biosolids composting plant in Bariloche (NW Patagonia) attract a variety of insects, mainly belonging to the order Diptera. In order to characterize these flies, collected specimens were taxonomically identified, their community characteristics were described and their sanitary and synanthropic importance and autochthonous or introduced character were determined. METHODS: Sampling was performed from October 1999 until March 2000. Adults were collected using an entomological net, and larvae and puparia were obtained from the composting material and incubated to obtain adults. Richness, abundance and sex ratio were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 9 taxa of Diptera were identified: Sarconesia chlorogaster, Phaenicia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Cochliomya macellaria, Ophyra sp, Muscina stabulans, Musca domestica, Sarcophaga sp and Fannia sp. Specimens of Anthomyiidae, Acaliptratae and one larva of Eristalis tenax were also found. Ophyra sp. was the most abundant taxa. All the captured Diptera belonged to introduced taxa. Most of them are considered to be eusynanthropic and/or hemisynanthropic and have sanitary importance as they may cause myiasis and pseudomyiasis. The high number of females registered and the finding of immature stages indicated that flies can develop their complete life cycle on biosolid composting windrows. CONCLUSIONS: The characterization of flies obtained in this study may be useful for defining locations of urban or semi-urban composting facilities. It also highlights the importance of sanitary precautions at such plants.OBJETIVO: Los compuestos odoríferos producidos en la Planta de Compostaje de Biosólidos de Bariloche (NO Patagonia) atraen diferentes insectos, principalmente moscas (Orden Diptera). Con el objeto de caracterizarlas, se colectaron especímenes que fueron identificados taxonómicamente. Se describieron sus características comunitarias y se determinó su importancia sanitaria y su carácter autóctono o introducido. MÉTODOS: El muestreo se realizó desde octubre de 1999 a marzo de 2000. Los adultos se colectaron utilizando una red entomológica. Las larvas y las pupas, obtenidas de las pilas de compostaje, se incubaron para obtener adultos. Se calcularon riqueza, abundancia y relación de sexos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 9 taxones de Diptera: Sarconesia chlorogaster, Phaenicia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Cochliomya macellaria, Ophyra sp, Muscina stabulans, Musca domestica, Sarcophaga sp y Fannia sp. También se capturaron especímenes de Anthomyiidae, Acaliptratae y una larva de Eristalis tenax. Ophyra sp fue el taxón más abundante. Todos los especímenes capturados pertenecieron a taxones introducidos y la mayoría de ellos, son eusinantrópicos y/o hemisinantrótpicos. Además, tienen importancia sanitaria dado que pueden causar myiasis y pseudomyiasis. La cantidad de hembras registrada y el hallazgo de estadios inmaduros indican que estas moscas pueden desarrollar su ciclo completo de vida en las pilas de compostaje. CONCLUSIONES: La caracterización de las moscas encontradas en la Planta de Compostaje de Bariloche puede ser de utilidad para definir la instalación en zonas urbanas o semi-urbanas de este tipo de plantas. Adicionalmente, aporta información sobre aspectos sanitarios en esta clase de emprendimientos

Diptera of sanitary importance associated with composting of biosolids in Argentina

OBJECTIVE: Odorous compounds produced at the biosolids composting plant in Bariloche (NW Patagonia) attract a variety of insects, mainly belonging to the order Diptera. In order to characterize these flies, collected specimens were taxonomically identified, their community characteristics were described and their sanitary and synanthropic importance and autochthonous or introduced character were determined. METHODS: Sampling was performed from October 1999 until March 2000. Adults were collected using an entomological net, and larvae and puparia were obtained from the composting material and incubated to obtain adults. Richness, abundance and sex ratio were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 9 taxa of Diptera were identified: Sarconesia chlorogaster, Phaenicia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Cochliomya macellaria, Ophyra sp, Muscina stabulans, Musca domestica, Sarcophaga sp and Fannia sp. Specimens of Anthomyiidae, Acaliptratae and one larva of Eristalis tenax were also found. Ophyra sp. was the most abundant taxa. All the captured Diptera belonged to introduced taxa. Most of them are considered to be eusynanthropic and/or hemisynanthropic and have sanitary importance as they may cause myiasis and pseudomyiasis. The high number of females registered and the finding of immature stages indicated that flies can develop their complete life cycle on biosolid composting windrows. CONCLUSIONS: The characterization of flies obtained in this study may be useful for defining locations of urban or semi-urban composting facilities. It also highlights the importance of sanitary precautions at such plants

Convenio de cooperación técnica: Reutilización agrícola forestal de aguas tratadas en Ingeniero Jacobacci

El uso de aguas residuales tratadas en riego agrícola forestal es una alternativa para evitar el vuelco a cuerpos receptores hídricos, que resulta de especial interés en áreas donde la escasez de agua afecta las actividades humanas. La zona centro de la provincia de Río Negro integra los dos tercios de la superficie en la Argentina que presenta balances hídricos negativos la mayor parte del año, esto representa una importante limitación para todo tipo de actividades productivas y en muchos casos hasta se dificulta el abastecimiento de agua para consumo humano.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Cremona, Maria Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Velasco, Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Ingeniero Jacobacci; ArgentinaFil: Zuñiga, Aldo Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Tanzer, Laura. Departamento Provincial de Aguas. Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Magnin, Santiago. Departamento Provincial de Aguas. Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Patricia. Departamento Provincial de Aguas. Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Alemanni, Maria Eugenia. Departamento Provincial de Aguas. Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Riat, Martha. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Laos, Francisca. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Capuano, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Güevara, Tomas. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Fornasa, Alejandro. Cooperativa de agua y otros servicios públicos de Ingeniero Jacobacci; ArgentinaFil: Mellado, José. Cooperativa de agua y otros servicios públicos de Ingeniero Jacobacci; ArgentinaFil: López, Oscar. Cooperativa de agua y otros servicios públicos de Ingeniero Jacobacci; ArgentinaFil: Currumán, Antonio. Municipalidad de Ingeniero Jacobacci; ArgentinaFil: Nasif, Abdel. Ente para el Desarrollo de la Línea y región Sur; Argentin

Compostaje de residuos organicos de actividades productivas y urbanas en la region andino-patagonica. Determinacion de indices de madurez para su utilizacion agronomica

Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica (CINDOC). C/Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

Diptera of sanitary importance associated with composting of biosolids in Argentina

OBJECTIVE: Odorous compounds produced at the biosolids composting plant in Bariloche (NW Patagonia) attract a variety of insects, mainly belonging to the order Diptera. In order to characterize these flies, collected specimens were taxonomically identified, their community characteristics were described and their sanitary and synanthropic importance and autochthonous or introduced character were determined. METHODS: Sampling was performed from October 1999 until March 2000. Adults were collected using an entomological net, and larvae and puparia were obtained from the composting material and incubated to obtain adults. Richness, abundance and sex ratio were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 9 taxa of Diptera were identified: Sarconesia chlorogaster, Phaenicia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Cochliomya macellaria, Ophyra sp, Muscina stabulans, Musca domestica, Sarcophaga sp and Fannia sp. Specimens of Anthomyiidae, Acaliptratae and one larva of Eristalis tenax were also found. Ophyra sp. was the most abundant taxa. All the captured Diptera belonged to introduced taxa. Most of them are considered to be eusynanthropic and/or hemisynanthropic and have sanitary importance as they may cause myiasis and pseudomyiasis. The high number of females registered and the finding of immature stages indicated that flies can develop their complete life cycle on biosolid composting windrows. CONCLUSIONS: The characterization of flies obtained in this study may be useful for defining locations of urban or semi-urban composting facilities. It also highlights the importance of sanitary precautions at such plants

Feasibility and performance evaluation of different low-tech composter prototypes

Decentralized composting has become a powerful option for municipal organic waste management. This technology, not only is an effective tool to treat organic waste, producing compost as a valuable by-product, but also represents an innovative way to involve waste generators in treatment operations. Decentralized composting contributes to reducing waste transportation, treatment costs and landfilling volumes thus resulting in a positive impact on municipal waste management programs. In this work, three lowtech composter prototypes were designed and built using discarded metallic oil drums and recycled plastic materials. The composting experience was carried out at an oilfield, using food waste from a catering service for 65 people. Temperature was used as the main indicator of the composting process, and final product quality was characterized through the following variables: total nitrogen, total phosphorous, extractable phosphorous, pH, organic matter and electrical conductivity. Results confirm the effectiveness of this composting technology for organic waste treatment: thermophilic temperatures were reached in all prototypes, and final products obtained from all composters showed high nutrient and organic matter contents, but also high pH and electrical conductivity values, which frequently appear in decentralized composting product; however, obtained values are still adequate for agronomic applications. Nevertheless, some significant differences were found for these variables among the prototypes, possibly related to design characteristics. Finally, composters construction could be optimised by recycling other waste, as shown in this experience (metallic drums, high density polyethylene and accessories), in order to improve the strategies for decentralised composting.Fil: Arrigoni, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina. Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Paladino, Gabriela Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina. Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Laos, Francisca. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina. Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; Argentin

Can biosolids compost improve, in the short term, native vegetation and soils fertility in burned Nothofagus pumilio forest in Patagonia, Argentina? = ¿Puede el compost de biosólidos mejorar a corto plazo la vegetación nativa y las características de fertilidad del suelo en un bosque quemado de Nothofagus pumilio en la Patagonia Argentina?

In the Patagonian Andean forests, wildfires principally have an anthropic origin and constitute one of the most important disturbances. They lead to severe losses of soil fertility and vegetation; particularly compromising the regeneration of native vegetation. Organic amendments can facilitate the regeneration of vegetation, enhancing principally soil fertility conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of biosolids compost application as a tool for recovering soil fertility and regenerating vegetation in burnt areas of a Nothofagus pumilio forest along two growing seasons. Considering the National Park status of the study area, low rates (2 kg m-2) of biosolids compost application were used to minimize the polluting effect of this amendment. We considered two types of microsites, with and without litter accumulation, in order to test whether biosolids application had a differential effect related to microsite type. Soil properties, composition and cover vegetation were evaluated. We concluded that biosolids compost application improved some of the physical-chemical, chemical and biological soil properties but did not contribute, over a period of almost two growing seasons, to vegetation recovery. These results confirm that organic amendment application may be used as an initial restoration strategy at microsite level in burnt N. pumilio forests related principally to a beneficial effect on soil fertility. The creation of fertility islands can be a valid restoration strategy, but mechanisms to increase the reinstallation of native vegetation should be also applied.En los bosques andinos patagónicos los incendios de origen antrópico son uno de los principales disturbios. Estos conducen a pérdidas de fertilidad del suelo y de vegetación, y comprometen, particularmente, la regeneración de la vegetación nativa. La aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas podría facilitar la regeneración de dicha vegetación, mejorando principalmente la fertilidad del suelo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de compost de biosólidos en la recuperación de la fertilidad del suelo y la regeneración de vegetación durante dos estaciones de crecimiento en áreas quemadas de bosque de Nothofagus pumilio. Considerando el estatus de Parque Nacional del área de estudio, la aplicación de compost se realizó en dosis bajas (2 kg m-2). Se consideraron micrositios con y sin acumulación de hojarasca, en función de registrar si la aplicación de compost de biosólidos generaba efectos diferenciales por micrositio. Se evaluaron características de fertilidad del suelo, composición y cobertura de especies vegetales luego de la aplicación. El compost de biosólidos mejoró algunas características fisicoquímicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo pero no promovió la recuperación de la cubierta vegetal. Estos resultados confirman que la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas puede ser utilizada como una estrategia de restauración a nivel de micrositio en bosques quemados de N. pumilio, relacionada principalmente con un efecto benéfico en la fertilidad del suelo. La creación de islas de fertilidad puede ser una estrategia de restauración de la vegetación, si se asegura la aplicación de mecanismos para incrementar la reinstalación de especies vegetales nativas.EEA BarilocheFil: Varela, Santiago Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Ecología Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Gobbi, Miriam E. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Laos, Francisca. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentin

Diptera of sanitary importance associated with composting of biosolids in Argentina

OBJECTIVE: Odorous compounds produced at the biosolids composting plant in Bariloche (NW Patagonia) attract a variety of insects, mainly belonging to the order Diptera. In order to characterize these flies, collected specimens were taxonomically identified, their community characteristics were described and their sanitary and synanthropic importance and autochthonous or introduced character were determined. METHODS: Sampling was performed from October 1999 until March 2000. Adults were collected using an entomological net, and larvae and puparia were obtained from the composting material and incubated to obtain adults. Richness, abundance and sex ratio were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 9 taxa of Diptera were identified: Sarconesia chlorogaster, Phaenicia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Cochliomya macellaria, Ophyra sp, Muscina stabulans, Musca domestica, Sarcophaga sp and Fannia sp. Specimens of Anthomyiidae, Acaliptratae and one larva of Eristalis tenax were also found. Ophyra sp. was the most abundant taxa. All the captured Diptera belonged to introduced taxa. Most of them are considered to be eusynanthropic and/or hemisynanthropic and have sanitary importance as they may cause myiasis and pseudomyiasis. The high number of females registered and the finding of immature stages indicated that flies can develop their complete life cycle on biosolid composting windrows. CONCLUSIONS: The characterization of flies obtained in this study may be useful for defining locations of urban or semi-urban composting facilities. It also highlights the importance of sanitary precautions at such plants

Inside the small-scale composting of kitchen and garden wastes: Thermal performance and stratification effect in vertical compost bins

Decentralized composting has been proposed as a best available practice, with a highly positive impact on municipal solid wastes management plans. However, in cold climates, decentralized small-scale composting performance to reach thermophilic temperatures (required for the product sanitization) could be poor, due to a lack of critical mass to retain heat. In addition, in these systems the composting process is usually disturbed when new portions of fresh organic waste are combined with previous batches. This causes modifications in the well-known composting evolution pattern. The objective of this work was to improve the understanding of these technical aspects through a real-scale decentralized composting experience carried out under cold climate conditions, in order to assess sanitization performance and to study the effects of fresh feedstock additions in the process evolution. Kitchen and garden organic wastes were composted in 500 L-static compost bins (without turning) for 244 days under cold climate conditions (Bariloche, NW Patagonia, Argentina), using pine wood shavings in a ratio of 1.5:1 v: v (waste: bulking agent). Temperature profile, stability indicators (microbial activity, carbon and nitrogen contents and ratio) and other variables (pH and electrical conductivity), were monitored throughout the experience. Our results indicate that small-scale composting (average generation rate of 7 kg d-1) is viable under cold weather conditions, since thermophilic sanitization temperatures (> 55 °C) were maintained for 3 consecutive days in most of the composting mass, according to available USEPA regulations commonly used as a reference for pathogens control in sewage sludge. On the other hand, stability indicators showed a differentiated organic matter degradation process along the compost bins height. Particularly, in the bottommost composting mix layer the process took a longer period to achieve compost stability than the upper layers, suggesting that differential organic matter transformation appears not to be necessarily associated to the order of the waste batches incorporation in a time line, as it could be expected. These findings suggest the need to discuss new ways of studying the composting process in small-scale compost bins as well as their commercial design.Fil: Arrigoni, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Paladino, Gabriela Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Laos, Francisca. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentin