Implementation of Reciprocal Teaching Models to Increase the Capability of Writing Definition and Theorem in Simbolic Form

This study aims to obtain objective information about increasing in writing skill about definitions and theorems in symbolic form students through RT models in the sets, all kind of relations and functions in set and logic courses. In addition, this study develop the ability of understanding of definitions and theorems, because the ability of students to write definitions and theorems in symbolic form will foster the ability of understanding of the definitions and theorems.The sample of this study are the first semester students in class A2 who follow sets and logic course in mathematics education program of PMIPA FKIP Untan 2016-2017. Implementation focus on subject, sets and all kind of relations and functions.The data collection conducted in providing achievement test after being given treatment. Form of test is Essai with 15 questions which consist of 4 questions from subject set, 8 questions from kind of relations and 3 questions from functions.The results showed if the Reciprocal Teaching Model is one of model that could improve the writing skill about definitions and theorems through symbolic form in the subject matter ; Sets, kind of relations, functions in Sets and Logic courses

Por el bien de la economía nacional: trabajo terapéutico y asistencia pública en el Manicomio de La Castañeda de la ciudad de México, 1929-1932 For the good of the nation's economy: therapeutic work and public assistance at La Castañeda asylum in Mexico City, 1929-32

El Manicomio de La Castañeda de la Ciudad de México, fundado en 1910, enfrentó hacia 1930 el problema de su masificación debido al elevado número de pacientes crónicos que hacían ver a la institución como un depósito de enfermos más que como un espacio terapéutico. Esta circunstancia condujo a la psiquiatría a su primera crisis de legitimidad como ciencia. Con el objetivo de combatir la leyenda negra en torno al manicomio, los médicos de La Castañeda promovieron la difusión en la prensa de un tratamiento de origen decimonónico que proyectaba la imagen pública de que los enfermos mentales podían tener la misma capacidad productiva que el resto de los hombres: la terapéutica por medio del trabajo. Esta propuesta contó con el apoyo del Estado emanado de la revolución mexicana porque el objetivo que guiaba la asistencia pública a los grupos más desprotegidos consistía en lograr su integración a la vida productiva del país a través del mercado, lo que se obtenía en el caso de los enfermos mentales a través de la terapia ocupacional.<br>Founded in 1910, by 1930 Mexico City's La Castañeda insane asylum was grappling with the problem of a massive number of chronic patients, a situation that earned it an image as a warehouse for the sick more than a place of treatment. Psychiatrists endeavored to restore the asylum's legitimacy by publicizing a nineteenth-century treatment which projected the public image that the mentally ill could be as productive as anyone else: work therapy. The government born of the Mexican revolution supported this proposal because the guiding objective behind public assistance for underprivileged groups was to make them part of the country's productive life via the market

Efeito do estresse hídrico e envelhecimento precoce na viabilidade de sementes osmocondicionadas de paineira (Chorisia speciosa) Water stress and accelerated aging effects on the viability of osmoconditioned Chorisia speciosa seeds

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do condicionamento osmótico em aumentar a tolerância de sementes de paineira (Chorisia speciosa St. Hil.) ao estresse hídrico e ao envelhecimento precoce. As sementes foram condicionadas em solução de KNO3 (0,1M) a 20ºC durante 24 horas, e desidratadas a 27ºC até atingirem o peso inicial, apresentado antes do tratamento. Em seguida, foram expostas ao estresse hídrico simulado com soluções de PEG 6000 nos potenciais osmóticos de 0,0, -0,1, -0,2, -0,3, -0,4, -0,5, -0,6 e -0,7 MPa e aos efeitos do envelhecimento precoce (45ºC e 100% UR) durante 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Nas sementes condicionadas e submetidas ao estresse hídrico, os valores médios de porcentagem e velocidade de germinação foram estatisticamente superiores aos obtidos em sementes não condicionadas. Além disso, o condicionamento osmótico aumentou o limite máximo de tolerância ao estresse hídrico. As sementes condicionadas foram mais sensíveis ao envelhecimento precoce.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of osmotic conditioning on the tolerance increase of seeds of Chorisia speciosa St. Hil. to water stress and accelerated aging. The seeds previously scarified (punction) were primed in KNO3 (0.1M) solutions at 20ºC during 24 hours. After that, the seeds were dried (at 27ºC) until the initial moisture level, presented before the pre-imbibition, was reached. Primed and non primed seeds were exposed to water stress simulated with PEG 6000 solutions, with 0.0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.5, -0.6 and -0.7 MPa of osmotic potentials and to accelerated aging at 45ºC and 100% of RU during 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. The mean values of rate and germination percentage were higher in primed seed than in non primed ones. The tolerance limit to water stress was extended for primed seed. Primed seeds were more sensible to accelerated aging