Cytotoxic effects of curcumin on osteosarcoma cell lines

Summary: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), one of the main components of the Indian spice turmeric, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In addition, curcumin has also been shown to have in vitro and in vivo efficacy against a variety of malignancies. In the current study we examined the cytotoxic effect of curcumin on seven osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines with varying degrees of in vivo metastatic potential. Curcumin inhibited the growth of all OS cell lines tested with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 14.4 to 24.6μM. Growth inhibition was associated with a dose dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells and accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Curcumin treatment also resulted in cleavage of caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase. Moreover, curcumin treatment was associated with an increase in cellular levels of the apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and a decrease in cellular content of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, curcumin treatment also inhibited the migration of OS cell lines. These data indicate that the potent cytotoxic activity of curcumin on OS cell lines is mediated by induction of apoptotic processes. Thus, curcumin has potential to be a novel OS chemotherapeutic agen

Cytotoxic effects of curcumin on osteosarcoma cell lines

Summary: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), one of the main components of the Indian spice turmeric, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In addition, curcumin has also been shown to have in vitro and in vivo efficacy against a variety of malignancies. In the current study we examined the cytotoxic effect of curcumin on seven osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines with varying degrees of in vivo metastatic potential. Curcumin inhibited the growth of all OS cell lines tested with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 14.4 to 24.6μM. Growth inhibition was associated with a dose dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells and accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Curcumin treatment also resulted in cleavage of caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase. Moreover, curcumin treatment was associated with an increase in cellular levels of the apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and a decrease in cellular content of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, curcumin treatment also inhibited the migration of OS cell lines. These data indicate that the potent cytotoxic activity of curcumin on OS cell lines is mediated by induction of apoptotic processes. Thus, curcumin has potential to be a novel OS chemotherapeutic agen

Taurolidine: a novel anti-neoplastic agent induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cell lines

Summary: Taurolidine, the active agent of Taurolin®, is a broad spectrum anti-biotic that has been used for over 15years for the treatment of severe surgical infections. Recently, taurolidine has been shown to possess anti-neoplastic properties in vitro and in vivo against a variety of cancers including ovarian, colon and prostate. In this study we assessed the cytotoxic activity of taurolidine against human osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines and normal human bone cells. Treatment with taurolidine inhibited the growth of all ten osteosarcoma cell lines tested and taurolidine was equally potent against cell lines with and without distinct genetic defects (i.e. p53, Rb). Moreover, taurolidine-induced growth inhibition was found to be associated with a dose dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells and apoptosis was shown to be caspase-dependent. Taurolidine treatment was also found to inhibit adhesion of OS cell lines. Compared to OS cell lines, normal bone cells in primary culture were found to be less sensitive to the cytotoxic and anti-adhesive effects of taurolidine. These data indicate that taurolidine possesses potent anti-neoplastic activity against osteosarcoma cell lines and may have potential as a novel OS chemotherapeutic agen

The Clear Channel Prior

Capturing imagery from outdoor cameras provides a large amount of information about a scene. The true surface appearances of elements in a scene, however, are often incorrectly represented in images. To get a better representation of the scene it is necessary to separate the effects of the underlying reflectance, illumination, and fog in the image. The goal of the dark channel prior is to eliminate the effects of haze in outdoor images and recover the true surface reflectance image for the scene

An Analytical Study and Performance Practice Guide for Percussion Works Opus 35 and Opus 37 by Nebojša Jovan Živković

This document provides an analysis and performance practice guide for two percussion works by Serbian composer Nebojša Jovan Živković (b. 1962). A renowned figure in the percussion world known for the aggressive style of his compositions, Živković presents recitals across the globe in addition to teaching at the University of Novi Sad and the Music and Art Private University of the City of Vienna. The works selected for study are Opus 35, Sex in the Kitchen, a multi-percussion duet, and Opus 37, Magma, for solo marimba. Each piece is analyzed and specific musical considerations, and exercises to assist in preparation, are offered. An examination of Živković’s idiosyncratic composition methods is also discussed. By studying his pedagogical resources and a selection of his other works, I show how Živković has created his signature style and sound, as well as how he inspires performers of his works to play with a high level of musical expression. His assertive approach to composition is explored in detail in the selected works and will assist percussionists preparing these pieces for performance

Nietzsche’s meta-axiology: against the skeptical readings

In this paper, I treat the question of the meta-axiological standing of Nietzsche's own values, in the service of which he criticizes morality. Does Nietzsche, I ask, regard his perfectionistic valorization of human excellence and cultural flourishing over other ideals to have genuine evaluative standing, in the sense of being correct, or at least adequate to a matter-of-fact? My goal in this paper is modest, but important: it is not to attribute to Nietzsche some sophisticated meta-axiological view, because I am doubtful that he has one. It is, however, to show that Nietzsche's texts do not necessitate the sceptical meta-axiological positions that have been attributed to him in the recent secondary literature. And it is thereby to suggest that we need not give up on the idea that Nietzsche takes the values he champions to have genuine evaluative standing – not because he has some sophisticated realist theory to this effect, but in a more philosophically unreflective way

Caprin-1, a novel Cyr61-interacting protein, promotes osteosarcoma tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. More than 30% of patients develop lung metastasis, which is the leading cause of mortality. Recently, the extracellular matrix protein Cyr61 has been recognized as a malignancy promoting protein in OS mouse model with prognostic potential in human OS. In this study, we aimed at the identification of novel Cyr61-interacting proteins. Here we report that Cyr61 associates with Caprin-1, and confocal microscopy showed that stable ectopic expression of Caprin-1 leads to the formation of stress granules containing Caprin-1 and Cyr61, confers resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and resulted in constitutive phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. Importantly, ectopic expression of Caprin-1 dramatically enhanced primary tumor growth, remarkably increased lung metastatic load in a SCID intratibial OS mouse model, and decreased significantly (p<0.0018) the survival of the mice. Although Caprin-1 expression, evaluated with a tissue microarray including samples from 59 OS patients, failed to be an independent predictor for the patients' outcome in this limited cohort of patients, increased Caprin-1 expression indicated a tendency to shortened overall survival, and more strikingly, Cyr61/Caprin-1 co-expression was associated with worse survival than that observed for patients with tumors expressing either Cyr61 or Caprin-1 alone or none of these proteins. The findings imply that Caprin-1 may have a metastasis promoting role in OS and show that through resistance to apoptosis and via the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, Caprin-1 is significantly involved in the development of OS metastasis

Neuronal Discharge and Slow Potentials

This thesis is missing page 18, the other copies of the thesis are missing it as well. - Digitization CentreThe work reported in this thesis concerns a possible quantitative relationship between two bioelectric phenomena of the cat cerebral cortex: neuronal discharge and slow potentials. A review of literature dealing with research related to the present topic is given. This is followed by descriptions of the experimental procedure employed and the results obtained. A subsequent discussion in terms of current neurophysiological concepts relates present findings with those of other known research. The accompanying bibliography represents a fairly complete coverage of contemporary and recent experimental and theoretical work related to the present topic.ThesisMaster of Arts (MA

Selektivitätsuntersuchungen an Mohnproteinen mit geprägten Quarzsensoren

Chemische Proteinsensoren besitzen großes Potential und werden zunehmend eine heraus¬ragende Rolle im Bereich der bioanalytischen Chemie, Medizin und Lebens¬mittel¬technologie einnehmen. Die rasche Ansprechzeit, benutzerfreundliche Hand¬habung mit wenig Probenvorbereitung, sowie geringe Anschaffungskosten machen diese Sensoren zu wirtschaftlich relevanten Messmethoden. Aufgrund der physi¬ka¬lischen Gesetze, auf denen diese Sensoren basieren, in diesem Fall der Massen¬detektion, sind neben der bioanalytischen Anwendungen auch rein chemische oder umweltanalytische Fragestellungen von Bedeutung. Der hier herangezogene Transducer ist der QCM, die Quarzmikrowaage. Durch An¬legen eines externen Wechselfeldes wird dieser in Resonanz versetzt und deren Eigenschwingungen gemessen. Durch Anlagerung von Analyten verringert sich direkt proportional zur Massenanlagerung (abhängig von der Konzentration der Analytlösung) die Resonanzfrequenz. Kalibrierungen erlauben dann absolute Massenbestimmungen. Temperatur- Druck- und Viskositätseffekte können durch Differenzmessungen eliminiert werden. Es konnte in der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit gezeigt werden, dass mit der hier durchgeführten Stratregie des Prägens von Polymeren und somit der Erzeugung von synthetischen Antikörpern z.B. Mohnproteine bis hinab zu 100 µg/l nachgewiesen werden können. Auch Querempfindlichkeit zu verschiedenen anderen Proteinen, z.B. Mandel und Sesam, wurden optimiert. Eine Vartiation der Polymerschichtdicke bis etwa zu 1 µm vergrößert die Sensorempfindlichkeiten um einen Faktor 10. Es geht also trotz der relativ großen Analytmoleküle die Oberflächenrauhigkeit bzw. das „bulk“ ein. Bei allen Messungen mit „Mohnsensoren“ besitzen Mohnproteinlösungen die größte Sensorantwort. Generell gilt für die Kreuzselektivitäten, dass für das Templat als Analyt der größte Effekt erzielt wird, während die Kreuz¬empfind¬lichkeiten nur ca 50 % betragen.Chemical sensors show a high potential, to play an important role in bioanalytical chemistry, medicine and food-technology. The rapid response time, user- friendly handling and low costs as compared to relevant analytical methods to assess analytes, make chemical sensors a innovative and attractive field of analytical chemistry. Due to the physical laws, on which these mass-sensors used are based, a nearly unlimited progress concerning bioanalytical, chemical and environmental research can be achieved. The sensor itself is the QCM, the quartz crystal microbalance. An alternating current is applied to create resonance of the quartz, that can be measured as “eigen” vibration. The decrease in frequency is directly related to the ab/adsorption of analyte. The frequency shift is directly proportional to the mass, giving the direct information for gauging the concentration of analytes in the sample. Although temperature, pressure and viscosity of the solution affect the frequency shift, they can be compensated for by differential measurements. The diploma thesis presented shows that the strategy chosen, molecular imprinting of polymers via the generation of synthetic antibodies, allows the detection of poppy proteins down to 100 µg/l. The cross sensitivity to other proteins, e.g. sesame and almond, were optimized. An increase of polymer coating up to 1 µm leads to an amplification of sensitivity by a factor of 10. In spite of the relative large protein molecules surface roughness and “bulk” phenomena are important. In all measure¬ments the “poppy sensor” will give the most pronounced resoponse to the poppy protein. Generally, concerning cross-sensitivities the highest effect is observed if the analyte is identicasl to the template, whereas cross-sensitivities are only 50% of these responses.

Level of Construal and the Ideal Self: Implications for Attraction and Support Provision

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