La formation à l’enseignement des professeurs d’université : un aperçu

Dans nos universités, la perspective de l’embauche d’un nombre important de professeurs débutants offre l’occasion idéale de revoir les structures existantes de formation et de soutien à ces novices peu préparés aux exigences de leur métaprofession. Or, depuis trois décennies, des formations ont été mises en place et leur analyse montre qu’aux années où régnait le modèle additif ont succédé les années du modèle transformatif, conçu dans une perspective de formation continue et collaborative, élargi à la dimension professionnelle. Une exploration non exhaustive du site internet de 48 universités et de leurs centres de formation permet d’offrir un aperçu de la formation des professeurs d’université de plusieurs pays.In our universities, the prospect of hiring a significant number of new professors offers an ideal opportunity to revisit the existing training and support structures for these novices, little prepared to face the demands of their metaprofession. Training programs have been in place for three decades and analysis shows that the transformative model, developed from a perspective of continuing and collaborative education and expanded to the professional dimension, has replaced the previous additive model. A preliminary exploration of Internet sites of 48 universities and their training centres provides an overview of the training of university professors in a number of countries.En nuestras universidades, la perspectiva de contratar a un número importante de profesores principiantes ofrece una oportunidad ideal de volver a considerar las estructuras existentes de formación y de apoyo a estos nuevos profesores, poco preparados a las exigencias de su metaprofesión. Ahora bien, desde hace tres décadas, algunas formaciones fueron implementadas y su análisis muestra que a la época del modelo aditivo, sucedió la época del modelo transformativo, elaborado en una perspectiva de formación continua y de colaboración, extendido a la dimensión profesional. Una exploración no exhaustiva del sitio Internet de 48 universidades y de sus centros de formación proporciona un vistazo de la formación de los profesores de universidad en varios países

Cobimetinib in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors (iMATRIX-cobi): A Multicenter, Phase I/II Study

Cobimetinib; Pediatrics; Refractory Solid TumorsCobimetinib; Pediatria; Tumors sòlids refractarisCobimetinib; Pediatría; Tumores sólidos refractariosBackground: The MAPK pathway is an emerging target across a number of adult and pediatric tumors. Targeting the downstream effector of MAPK, MEK1, is a proposed strategy to control the growth of MAPK-dependent tumors. Objective: iMATRIX-cobi assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of cobimetinib, a highly selective MEK inhibitor, in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. Patients and methods: This multicenter Phase I/II study enrolled patients aged 6 months to < 30 years with solid tumors with known/expected MAPK pathway involvement. Patients received cobimetinib tablet or suspension formulation on Days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. Dose escalation followed a rolling 6 design. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor activity. Results: Of 56 enrolled patients (median age 9 years [range 3-29]), 18 received cobimetinib tablets and 38 cobimetinib suspension. Most common diagnoses were low-grade glioma (LGG; n = 32, including n = 12 in the expansion cohort) and plexiform neurofibroma within neurofibromatosis type 1 (n = 12). Six patients (11 %) experienced dose-limiting toxicities (including five ocular toxicity events), which established a pediatric recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) of 0.8 mg/kg tablet and 1.0 mg/kg suspension. Most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events were gastrointestinal and skin disorders. Steady state mean exposure (Cmax, AUC0-24) of cobimetinib at the RP2D (1.0 mg/kg suspension) was ~ 50 % lower than in adults receiving the approved 60 mg/day dose. Overall response rate was 5.4 % (3/56; all partial responses in patients with LGG). Conclusions: The safety profile of cobimetinib in pediatrics was similar to that reported in adults. Clinical activity was observed in LGG patients with known/suspected MAPK pathway activation. Cobimetinib combination regimens may be required to improve response rates in this pediatric population

: (Introduction du dossier “La régulation du genre dans la coexistence des niveaux de droit : regards croisés Europe-Canada / The Regulation of Gender in the Co-Existence of Levels of Law: Conversations between Europe and Canada”)

International audienc

: (Introduction du dossier “La régulation du genre dans la coexistence des niveaux de droit : regards croisés Europe-Canada / The Regulation of Gender in the Co-Existence of Levels of Law: Conversations between Europe and Canada”)

International audienc

A propos des rapports sociaux de sexe. Parcours épistémologiques

International audienc

Understanding the Barriers to Pediatric Oncologist Engagement and Accrual to Clinical Trials in National Cancer Institute-Designated Community Oncology Research Programs.

PurposeClinical trial participation leads to progress in cancer care. Principal investigators (PIs) and clinical research associates (CRAs) play key roles in the provision and maintenance of clinical trial portfolios at their sites. Previous studies have evaluated the educational and resource needs of adult oncology providers, but nothing to date has focused on providers of pediatric oncology care. We aimed to identify the educational needs and clinical trial participation barriers at National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) Children's Oncology Group (COG) sites to improve the quality of site investigator engagement.MethodsQuality improvement surveys of pediatric clinical research staff at NCORP sites were performed. The first was a web-based inquiry of NCORP COG PIs and lead CRAs to assess their general understanding of NCORP organizational structure and needs. The second survey of COG PIs was conducted by one-on-one telephone interviews aimed at identifying specific barriers to physician engagement and patient enrollment in clinical trial research.ResultsThe majority of NCORP COG PIs and CRAs (63%) reported an incomplete understanding of NCORP structure, with approximately half expressing interest in developing stronger collaborations and engagement. Most NCORP COG PIs reported at least one shared barrier to clinical trial enrollment (78%), with inadequate protected time and research support (39% each) being the most frequently cited barriers.ConclusionsContributions to pediatric cancer clinical research at COG NCORP sites could be enhanced through improved education, resources, and time allocation

Understanding the Barriers to Pediatric Oncologist Engagement and Accrual to Clinical Trials in National Cancer Institute-Designated Community Oncology Research Programs.

PurposeClinical trial participation leads to progress in cancer care. Principal investigators (PIs) and clinical research associates (CRAs) play key roles in the provision and maintenance of clinical trial portfolios at their sites. Previous studies have evaluated the educational and resource needs of adult oncology providers, but nothing to date has focused on providers of pediatric oncology care. We aimed to identify the educational needs and clinical trial participation barriers at National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) Children's Oncology Group (COG) sites to improve the quality of site investigator engagement.MethodsQuality improvement surveys of pediatric clinical research staff at NCORP sites were performed. The first was a web-based inquiry of NCORP COG PIs and lead CRAs to assess their general understanding of NCORP organizational structure and needs. The second survey of COG PIs was conducted by one-on-one telephone interviews aimed at identifying specific barriers to physician engagement and patient enrollment in clinical trial research.ResultsThe majority of NCORP COG PIs and CRAs (63%) reported an incomplete understanding of NCORP structure, with approximately half expressing interest in developing stronger collaborations and engagement. Most NCORP COG PIs reported at least one shared barrier to clinical trial enrollment (78%), with inadequate protected time and research support (39% each) being the most frequently cited barriers.ConclusionsContributions to pediatric cancer clinical research at COG NCORP sites could be enhanced through improved education, resources, and time allocation

New Look at RSV Infection: Tissue Clearing and 3D Imaging of the Entire Mouse Lung at Cellular Resolution

International audienceThis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC B

Translating the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into Argentinian Spanish for paediatric patients receiving cancer treatments, and evaluating understandability and cultural relevance in a multiple-phase descriptive study

Objectives To translate a symptom screening tool developed for paediatric patients receiving cancer therapies called Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into Argentinian Spanish and to evaluate the understandability and cultural relevance of the translated version of SSPedi among children with cancer and paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.Methods We conducted a multiphase, descriptive study to translate SSPedi into Argentinian Spanish. Using two translators, forward and backward translations were performed. The translated version was evaluated by Spanish-speaking paediatric patients 8–18 years of age receiving cancer treatments in two centres in Argentina and El Salvador.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was patient self-reported difficulty with understanding of the SSPedi instructions and each symptom using a 5-point Likert scale. Secondary outcomes were incorrect understanding of the SSPedi instructions, symptoms and response scale determined by cognitive interviews with the patients and rated using a 4-point Likert scale. Cultural relevance was assessed qualitatively.Results There were 30 children enrolled and included in cognitive interviews; 16 lived in Argentina and 14 lived in El Salvador. The most common types of Spanish spoken were Central American (17, 57%) followed by South American (10, 33%) and Castilian (3, 10%). No changes to Argentinian Spanish SSPedi were required based on the outcomes or qualitative comments. No issues with cultural relevance were identified by any of the respondents.Conclusions We translated and finalised Argentinian Spanish SSPedi. Future research will focus on its use to describe bothersome symptoms by Argentinian Spanish-speaking children

Verbal knowledge as a compensation determinant of adult age differences in verbal fluency tasks over time

The aim of this study was to determine whether verbal knowledge can compensate for the age-related decline in word production during a fluency test. We assessed the performance of 20 young and 20 old subjects in standard letter and semantic fluency tasks over time (T1: 0-30 s vs. T2: 31-60 s). The number of words produced, switching, and clustering components (Troyer et al. Neuropsychology, 11(1): 138-146, 1997) were investigated. Correlations between age and cognitive factors (processing speed, executive functions, and vocabulary level) were analyzed. The results revealed a knowledge compensation mechanism in elderly subjects, but only in letter fluency productions. It only occurred during the second period and was related to an increase in the clustering component and a positive correlation between age and vocabulary level. The differences between letter and semantic fluency performances are discussed in terms of the nature of the non-semantic and semantic components involved in these tasks. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC