Topology Optimization of Electric Machines based on Topological Sensitivity Analysis

Topological sensitivities are a very useful tool for determining optimal designs. The topological derivative of a domain-dependent functional represents the sensitivity with respect to the insertion of an infinitesimally small hole. In the gradient-based ON/OFF method, proposed by M. Ohtake, Y. Okamoto and N. Takahashi in 2005, sensitivities of the functional with respect to a local variation of the material coefficient are considered. We show that, in the case of a linear state equation, these two kinds of sensitivities coincide. For the sensitivities computed in the ON/OFF method, the generalization to the case of a nonlinear state equation is straightforward, whereas the computation of topological derivatives in the nonlinear case is ongoing work. We will show numerical results obtained by applying the ON/OFF method in the nonlinear case to the optimization of an electric motor.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

Comparison of the new OPS Imaging technique with intravital microscopy: Analysis of the colon microcirculation

Background. The OPS imaging technique has been introduced for in vivo assessment of microcirculation in humans. The aim of this study was to validate the new technique against intravital fluorescence microscopy (IFM) for the visualization of colon microcirculation in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Method. IBD was induced in Balb/c mice by dextran sulfate sodium, controls received normal water. In each animal, both the CYTOSCAN(TM) A/R and IFM were used to image the microcirculation (n = 7 in each group). The postcapillary venular diameter was analyzed on the colon muscularis and mucosa. Results: The venular diameter correlated significantly between both methods representing the good correspondence between both methods. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the new technique for visualization of microcirculation without use of fluorescent dyes, the OPS imaging, allows for quantitative measurement of a key microcirculatory parameters of the mouse colon. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

Implementing Behavioral Concepts into Banking Theory: The Impact of Loss Aversion on Collateralization

In standard bank theoretic models agents are assumed to be fully rational expected utility maximizers. This fact ignores the huge amount of evidence for anomalies in human behavior found by psychologists. In this paper we argue that the implementation of behavioral concepts into banking theory might increase the predictive power of the models. As an example we consider a loan market and discuss the impact of loss aversion on the degree of collateralization in equilibrium. The very well established concept loss aversion predicts entrepreneurs to pay much more attention to the potential loss of some of their initial wealth due to a collateralized loan than they would do as expected utility maximizers. This results in a higher effort choice which in turn increases the success probability of the loan financed project. Optimal levels of collateralization are derived for different degrees of loss aversion and the problem of private information about the degree of loss aversion is addressed. It is shown that in specific situations banks can offer self selecting pairs of contracts that costlessly eliminate the private information problem.

Courcelle's Theorem - A Game-Theoretic Approach

Courcelle's Theorem states that every problem definable in Monadic Second-Order logic can be solved in linear time on structures of bounded treewidth, for example, by constructing a tree automaton that recognizes or rejects a tree decomposition of the structure. Existing, optimized software like the MONA tool can be used to build the corresponding tree automata, which for bounded treewidth are of constant size. Unfortunately, the constants involved can become extremely large - every quantifier alternation requires a power set construction for the automaton. Here, the required space can become a problem in practical applications. In this paper, we present a novel, direct approach based on model checking games, which avoids the expensive power set construction. Experiments with an implementation are promising, and we can solve problems on graphs where the automata-theoretic approach fails in practice.Comment: submitte

Von der Milch zum festen Futter : Von der Abhängigkeit zur Selbständigkeit

Das Neugeborene ist bei Säugetieren und beim Menschen zunächst völlig von der Mutter abhängig, denn die Ernährung des oder der Nachkommen erfolgt erst einmal ganz auf Kosten der Mutter. Mit den Umstellungen auf dem Wege von der Abhängigkeit zur Selbständigkeit befassen sich die hier dargestellten Untersuchungen

Nuevas Reacciones Catalíticas de Ciclación y de Acoplamiento

El prof. Peter Langer es director del Departamento de Química Orgánica de la Universidad de Rostock (desde 2004) y desde 2016 Director del Instituto de Qúimica de la misma Universidad. Posee mas de 600 publicaciones científicas y un amplio grupo de investigación.La conferencia incluye aspectos modernos de la química catalítica como, por ejemplo, las reacciones de acoplamiento de Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira y Buchwald Hartwig. Un aspecto importante es la regioselectividad de estas reacciones que sigue factores electrónicos y estéricos. La mayoría de las reacciones presentadas han sido desarrolladas en el grupo de investigación del profesor P. Langer. Además, la conferencia presenta nuevas reacciones catalíticas de ciclación como, por ejemplo,la combinación de la reacción de dos etapas sintéticas: a) la reacción Suzuki de compuestos heterocíclicos con dos grupos salientes con ácidos borónicos que llevan un grupo saliente en la posición ortho de arilo. b) la ciclación a través de una reacción doble Buchwald Hartwig. Otras ciclaciones involucran una activación C-H. En la conferencia muchos tipos de productos han sido presentados. Esto incluye también propiedades físicas de los productos y aplicaciones como medicamentos o materiales.Plan Propio de Investigación. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Isogeometric Simulation and Shape Optimization with Applications to Electrical Machines

Future e-mobility calls for efficient electrical machines. For different areas of operation, these machines have to satisfy certain desired properties that often depend on their design. Here we investigate the use of multipatch Isogeometric Analysis (IgA) for the simulation and shape optimization of the electrical machines. In order to get fast simulation and optimization results, we use non-overlapping domain decomposition (DD) methods to solve the large systems of algebraic equations arising from the IgA discretization of underlying partial differential equations. The DD is naturally related to the multipatch representation of the computational domain, and provides the framework for the parallelization of the DD solvers

Implementing behavioral concepts into banking theory : the impact of loss acersion on collateralization

In standard bank theoretic models agents are assumed to be fully rational expected utility maximizers. This fact ignores the huge amount of evidence for anomalies in human behavior found by psychologists. In this paper we argue that the implementation of behavioral concepts into banking theory might increase the predictive power of the models. As an example we consider a loan market and discuss the impact of loss aversion on the degree of collateralization in equilibrium. The very well established concept loss aversion predicts entrepreneurs to pay much more attention to the potential loss of some of their initial wealth due to a collateralized loan than they would do as expected utility maximizers. This results in a higher effort choice which in turn increases the success probability of the loan financed project. Optimal levels of collateralization are derived for different degrees of loss aversion and the problem of private information about the degree of loss aversion is addressed. It is shown that in specific situations banks can offer self selecting pairs of contracts that costlessly eliminate the private information problem

Kompetenzentwicklung und Governance in Südosteuropa. Die EU-Donauraumstrategie als Herausforderung für die Erwachsenenbildung

Mit der Donauraumstrategie für Südosteuropa (EUSDR), die 2011 vom Europäischen Rat verabschiedet wurde, wird nach dem Ostseeraum eine zweite Makroregion in Europa definiert, die in besonderem Maße die europäische Einigung voranbringen soll: das Donaubecken mit seinen 14 Staaten und ca. 115 Mio. Menschen. Diese sogenannte „Donaustrategie“ hat die Aufgabe, in den nächsten Jahren die Öffnung der südosteuropäischen Donauländer für Westeuropa vorzubereiten und zu ermöglichen. Dazu wurde von der EU eine Governance-Strategie entwickelt, die ihren Mittelpunkt im Aufbau zivilgesellschaftlicher Strukturen und Instrumente für Südosteuropa hat. Bei diesem komplizierten und langwierigen Prozess der Transformation ehemaliger kommunistischer Staaten in demokratische Gesellschaften spielen Bildungsprozesse eine entscheidende Rolle. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Schnittmenge von Kompetenzentwicklung, Governance und Zivilgesellschaft und stellt drei Governance orientierte Bildungsprojekte vor. (DIPF/Orig.)Passed by the European Council in 2011, the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) for Southeastern Europe defines a second macroregion in Europe (after the Baltic Sea region) which should advance European unification: the Danube Basin with its 14 states and approximately 115 million people. This “Danube Strategy” is responsible for preparing and facilitating the opening of the Southeastern European Danubian countries to Western Europe. The EU has also developed a governance strategy which focuses on the development of civil society structures and instruments in Southeastern Europe. Education plays a decisive role in the complicated and lengthy process of transforming former Communist states into democratic societies. This article describes the intersection between competence development, governance and civil society and presents three governance-oriented education projects. (DIPF/Orig.