384 research outputs found
Genome-wide Association Study of Periodontal Pathogen Colonization
Pathological shifts of the human microbiome are characteristic of many diseases, including chronic periodontitis. To date, there is limited evidence on host genetic risk loci associated with periodontal pathogen colonization. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study among 1,020 white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy to severe chronic periodontitis, and for whom âcheckerboardâ DNA-DNA hybridization quantification of 8 periodontal pathogens was performed. We examined 3 traits: âhigh redâ and âhigh orangeâ bacterial complexes, and âhighâ Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) colonization. Genotyping was performed on the Affymetrix 6.0 platform. Imputation to 2.5 million markers was based on HapMap II-CEU, and a multiple-test correction was applied (genome-wide threshold of p < 5 Ă 10â8). We detected no genome-wide significant signals. However, 13 loci, including KCNK1, FBXO38, UHRF2, IL33, RUNX2, TRPS1, CAMTA1, and VAMP3, provided suggestive evidence (p < 5 Ă 10â6) of association. All associations reported for âredâ and âorangeâ complex microbiota, but not for Aa, had the same effect direction in a second sample of 123 African-American participants. None of these polymorphisms was associated with periodontitis diagnosis. Investigations replicating these findings may lead to an improved understanding of the complex nature of host-microbiome interactions that characterizes states of health and disease
Large-scale pharmacogenomic study of sulfonylureas and the QT, JT and QRS intervals: CHARGE Pharmacogenomics Working Group
Sulfonylureas, a commonly used class of medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Their effects on QT interval duration and related electrocardiographic phenotypes are potential mechanisms for this adverse effect. In 11 ethnically diverse cohorts that included 71â857 European, African-American and Hispanic/Latino ancestry individuals with repeated measures of medication use and electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements, we conducted a pharmacogenomic genome-wide association study of sulfonylurea use and three ECG phenotypes: QT, JT and QRS intervals. In ancestry-specific meta-analyses, eight novel pharmacogenomic loci met the threshold for genome-wide significance (P<5 Ă 10â8), and a pharmacokinetic variant in CYP2C9 (rs1057910) that has been associated with sulfonylurea-related treatment effects and other adverse drug reactions in previous studies was replicated. Additional research is needed to replicate the novel findings and to understand their biological basis
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Parity Violation Constraints Using Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Spectra ïżŒfrom 2006 and 2007 Observations by the QUaD Polarimeter
We constrain parity-violating interactions to the surface of last scattering using spectra from the QUaD experimentâs second and third seasons of observations by searching for a possible systematic rotation of the polarization directions of cosmic microwave background photons. We measure the rotation angle due to such a possible ââcosmological birefringenceââ to be (random) (systematic) using QUaDâs 100 and 150 GHz temperature-curl and gradient-curl spectra over the spectra over the multipole range 200 << 2000, consistent with null, and constrain Lorentz-violating interactions to <2 10 GeV (68% conïŹdence limit). This is the best constraint to date on electrodynamic parity violation on cosmological scales.Astronom
Second and Third Season QUaD Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature and Polarization Power Spectra
We report results from the second and third seasons of observation with the QUaD experiment. Angular
power spectra of the cosmic microwave background are derived for both temperature and polarization at
both 100 GHz and 150 GHz, and as cross-frequency spectra. All spectra are subjected to an extensive
set of jackknife tests to probe for possible systematic contamination. For the implemented data cuts and
processing technique such contamination is undetectable. We analyze the difference map formed between the
100 and 150 GHz bands and find no evidence of foreground contamination in polarization. The spectra are
then combined to form a single set of results which are shown to be consistent with the prevailing LCDM
model. The sensitivity of the polarization results is considerably better than that of any previous experimentâ
for the first time multiple acoustic peaks are detected in the E-mode power spectrum at high significance
The QUAD Galactic Plane Survey 1: Maps and Analysis of Diffuse Emission
We present a survey of ~ 800 square degrees of the galactic plane observed with the QUaD telescope. The
primary product of the survey are maps of Stokes I, Q and U parameters at 100 and 150 GHz, with spatial
resolution 5 and 3.5 arcminutes respectively. Two regions are covered, spanning approximately 245 - 295°
and 315 - 5° in galactic longitude l, and -4 < b < +4° in galactic latitude b. At 0:02° square pixel size, the
median sensitivity is 74 and 107 kJy/sr at 100 GHz and 150 GHz respectively in I, and 98 and 120 kJy/sr for
Q and U. In total intensity, we find an average spectral index of α = 2:35+-0:01(stat)+-0:02(sys) for |b| â€1°,
indicative of emission components other than thermal dust. A comparison to published dust, synchrotron
and free-free models implies an excess of emission in the 100 GHz QUaD band, while better agreement is
found at 150 GHz. A smaller excess is observed when comparing QUaD 100 GHz data to WMAP 5-year
W band; in this case the excess is likely due to the wider bandwidth of QUaD. Combining the QUaD and
WMAP data, a two-component spectral fit to the inner galactic plane (|b| â€1°) yields mean spectral indices
of αs = -0:32+-0:03 and αd = 2:84+-0:03; the former is interpreted as a combination of the spectral indices
of synchrotron, free-free and dust, while the second is attributed largely to the thermal dust continuum. In
the same galactic latitude range, the polarization data show a high degree of alignment perpendicular to the
expected galactic magnetic field direction, and exhibit mean polarization fraction 1:38+-0:08(stat)+-0:1(sys)%
at 100 GHz and 1:70+-0:06(stat)+-0:1(sys)% at 150 GHz. We find agreement in polarization fraction between
QUaD 100 GHz and WMAP W band, the latter giving 1:1+-0:4%
Viking Age garden plants from southern Scandinavia: diversity, taphonomy and cultural aspects
Plant finds recovered from archaeological sites in southern Scandinavia dated to the Viking Age reflect the diversity of useful plants that were cultivated and collected. This review presents the results of 14 investigations of deposits that are dated between AD 775 and 1050. The site types are categorized as agrarian, urban, military and burials. Garden plants are unevenly distributed, as the greatest diversity is recorded in features from urban contexts. We argue that taphonomic processes played an important role in the picture displayed. Archaeobotanical research results from neighbouring regions suggest that Viking Age horticulture has its roots in older traditions, and that the spectrum of garden plants is influenced by central and north-western European horticultural customs, which were to a great extent shaped by Roman occupation
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