Wetland construction and its impact on presence of anseriformes

Flertalet våtmarker restaureras eller anläggs varje år i Sverige för att få en ökad biologisk mångfald, rikare kulturmiljö, renare vatten och ett vackrare landskap. För att anlägga dessa våtmarker krävs resurser i form av såväl tid som pengar, då kan det vara av intresse att påvisa effekter för att motivera ytterligare restaureringar. Vi har valt att undersöka hur anläggning av våtmark påverkar förekomsten av andfåglar (Anseriformes). Vi genomförde en analys där vi jämförde antalet individer före och efter anläggning av våtmark. Våtmarkerna var inventerade av Svensk fågeltaxering genom ideell inventering. Analysen gjordes med Mann-Whitney U-test eftersom datat ej var normalfördelat. Syftet med arbetet var att jämföra antalet observerade andfåglar före och efter anläggning av våtmarker, där anläggningsformen eller syftet med själva anläggningen inte tagits hänsyn till. För att uppnå detta syfte har en statistisk metod nyttjats och analyser genomförts. I resultatet framkom en ökning i medeltal per inventeringstillfälle av antalet individer före och efter restaurering medan antalet observerade arter var detsamma. Det tyder på att anläggningen av våtmarker är positivt för andfåglar. Statistiskt kunde sambandet bara visas i datasetet med fria rutter.Several wetlands are restored or constructed every year in Sweden to increase biodiversity, get a richer cultural environment, cleaner water and a more pleasing looking landscape. Building these wetlands requires resources in terms of time and money, which makes observed effects be of interest to motivate further restorations. We have chosen to examine the construction of wetland affects the presence of Anseriformes. Thus, we have conducted an analysis comparing inventoried individuals before and after the establishment of wetlands, which have been invented by Swedish bird taxation through an ideal inventory. The analysis is done with Mann-Whitney U-test because of the data not being normalized. The purpose of the work was to compare the quantity of birds observed before and after the establishment of wetlands, where the purpose or form of establishment itself, has not been taken into account. To achieve the purpose, a statistical method has been used and analyses have been carried out. In the result, an increase on average per inventory was found by the number of individuals before and after restoration while the numbers of observed species were the same. This suggests that the site of wetlands is positive for the birds. The statistics could only be shown in the dataset with free routes

Thrombosis is associated with inferior survival in multiple myeloma.

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Patients with multiple myeloma are at an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis. We assessed the impact of venous and arterial thrombosis on survival in a population-based study of 9,399 multiple myeloma patients diagnosed in Sweden from 1987 to 2005. We found multiple myeloma patients with venous thromboembolism to have a higher mortality at 1-, 5-, and 10-years of follow up compared with those without, with hazard ratios of 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4-3.5), 1.6 (95% CI: 1.5-1.8), and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4-1.7), respectively. There was an increase in risk of death among multiple myeloma patients with arterial thrombosis, with hazard ratios of 3.4 (95% CI: 3.0-3.8), 2.2 (95% CI: 2.0-2.3), and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.9-2.1), respectively. In landmark analyses at six months, early arterial but not venous thromboembolism was associated with a higher risk of death. Thus, in contrast to prior smaller studies, we found the development of thrombosis to be associated with significantly poorer survival. The prevention of thrombosis in multiple myeloma is an important goal in the management of these patients.regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Karolinska Institutet Cancer Society in Stockholm Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NC

Second malignancies after multiple myeloma: from 1960s to 2010s.

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Based on small numbers, recent reports from 3 randomized trials have consistently demonstrated more hematologic malignancies in patients treated with lenalidomide as maintenance (vs placebo). This fact has prompted concern and highlighted the association between multiple myeloma and second malignancies. Furthermore, an excess of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after multiple myeloma has been known for over 4 decades. Most prior studies have been restricted because of small numbers of patients, inadequate follow-up, and limitations of ascertainment of second malignancies. Although the underlying biologic mechanisms of AML/MDS after multiple myeloma are unknown, treatment-related factors are presumed to be responsible. Recently, an excess risk of AML/MDS was found among 5652 patients with IgG/IgA (but not IgM) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, supporting a role for disease-related factors. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that polymorphisms in germline genes may contribute to a person's susceptibility to subsequent cancers, whereas the potential influence of environmental and behavioral factors remains poorly understood. This review discusses current knowledge regarding second malignancies after multiple myeloma and gives future directions for efforts designed to characterize underlying biologic mechanisms, with the goal to maximize survival and minimize the risk for second malignancies for individual patients.National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Healt

Progress in Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study on patients diagnosed in Sweden from 1973-2009.

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.In recent decades, attention has focused on reducing long-term, treatment-related morbidity and mortality in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). In the present study, we looked for trends in relative survival for all patients diagnosed with HL in Sweden from 1973-2009 (N = 6949; 3985 men and 2964 women; median age, 45 years) and followed up for death until the end of 2010. Patients were categorized into 6 age groups and 5 calendar periods (1973-1979, 1980-1986, 1987-1994, 1994-2000, and 2001-2009). Relative survival improved in all age groups, with the greatest improvement in patients 51-65 years of age (P < .0005). A plateau in relative survival was observed in patients below 65 years of age during the last calendar period, suggesting a reduced long-term, treatment-related mortality. The 10-year relative survival for patients diagnosed in 2000-2009 was 0.95, 0.96, 0.93, 0.80, and 0.44 for the age groups 0-18, 19-35, 36-50, 51-65, and 66-80, respectively. Therefore, despite progress, age at diagnosis remains an important prognostic factor (P < .0005). Advances in therapy for patients with limited and advanced-stage HL have contributed to an increasing cure rate. In addition, our findings support that long-term mortality of HL therapy has decreased. Elderly HL patients still do poorly, and targeted treatment options associated with fewer side effects will advance the clinical HL field.Swedish Cancer Society CAN 2009/1203 Stockholm County Council Karolinska Institutet SLL 20090201 Karolinska Institutet Foundations 2009Fobi007

History of autoimmune disease is associated with impaired survival in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a population-based study

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesMultiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Incidence of MM and MGUS is higher among patients with autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether a history of autoimmunity has an impact on survival in MM and MGUS. Using high-quality national Swedish registries, we identified 8367 patients with MM, 18,768 patients with MGUS, and 110,251 matched control subjects, and obtained information on previous autoimmune disease in patients and controls. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). In patients with MM and a prior autoimmune disease, the risk of death was significantly increased, HR = 1.2 (95 % CI 1.2-1.3) compared to MM patients with no history of autoimmunity. In MGUS patients, a prior autoimmune disease was associated with a significantly 1.4-fold elevated risk of death (95 % CI 1.3-1.4). When analyzing different types of autoimmune diseases, a history of ulcerative colitis had a stronger impact on survival in MM than in controls. Our findings that a history of autoimmune disease has a negative impact on survival in MM and MGUS could be due to shared underlying common genetic factors, or that patients with a history of autoimmunity develop more severe cases of MM and MGUS, or cumulative comorbidity in the individual. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to comorbidity as a prognostic factor in MGUS and MM, and underlines the need for studies aimed at tailoring therapy according to comorbidity.Swedish Blodcancerfonden Swedish Cancer Society Stockholm County Council Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Institutet Foundations University of Iceland Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Landspitali University Hospita

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies: 728 cases followed up to 30 years in Sweden.

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.In 728 Swedish cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), followed up to 30 years (median, 10 years), we estimated the cumulative risk of hematologic disorders originating from lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Using Cox regression models, we examined associations of demographic and laboratory factors with progression and determined the discriminatory power of 3 prediction models for progression. Eighty-four MGUS cases developed a lymphoid disorder, representing a cumulative risk of 15.4%. Multiple myeloma (MM) occurred in 53 patients, and the 30-year cumulative risk was 10.6%; an ∼0.5% annual risk. Three factors were significantly associated with progression: abnormal free light-chain (FLC) ratio (1.65), M-protein concentration (≥1.5 g/dL), and reduction of 1 or 2 noninvolved immunoglobulin isotype levels (immunoparesis). A prediction model with separate effects for these 3 factors and the M-protein isotype had higher discriminatory power than other models, although the differences were not statistically significant. The 30-year cumulative risk for myeloid malignancies was 1.5 g/dL, factors previously considered by Mayo Clinic researchers, are predictors for MM progression and suggests that separate consideration of immunoparesis and the Mayo Clinic risk factors could improve identification of MGUS patients at high risk for progression

MRD detection in multiple myeloma: comparison between MSKCC 10-color single-tube and EuroFlow 8-color 2-tube methods

[EN] In patients with multiple myeloma, obtaining posttreatment minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity is associated with longer progression-free survival and overall survival. Here, we compared the diagnostic performance of a single 10-color tube with that of a EuroFlow 8-color 2-tube panel for MRD testing. Bone marrow samples from 41 multiple myeloma patients were tested in parallel using the 2 approaches. Compared with the sum of the cells from the EuroFlow two 8-color tubes, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) single 10-color tube had a slight reduction in total cell number with a mean ratio of 0.85 (range, 0.57-1.46; P < .05), likely attributable to permeabilization of the cells. Percent of plasma cells showed a high degree of concordance (r2 = 0.97) as did normal plasma cells (r2 = 0.96), consistent with no selective plasma cell loss. Importantly, concordant measurement of residual disease burden was seen with abnormal plasma cells (r2 = 0.97). The overall concordance between the 2 tests was 98%. In 1 case, there was a discrepancy near the limit of detection of both tests in favor of the slightly greater theoretical sensitivity of the EuroFlow 8-color 2-tube panel (analytical sensitivity limit of MSKCC single 10-color tube: 6 cells in 1 million with at least 3 million cell acquisitions; EuroFlow 8-color 2-tube panel: 2 cells in 1 million with the recommended 10 million cell acquisitions)

Multiple myeloma and infections: a population-based study on 9253 multiple myeloma patients.

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple myeloma. To estimate the risk of bacterial and viral infections in multiple myeloma patients, we used population-based data from Sweden to identify all multiple myeloma patients (n=9 253) diagnosed from 1988 to 2004 with follow-up to 2007 and 34 931 matched controls. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of infections. Overall, multiple myeloma patients had a 7-fold (hazard ratio =7.1; 95% confidence interval = 6.8-7.4) risk of developing any infection compared to matched controls. The increased risk of developing a bacterial infection was 7-fold (7.1; 6.8-7.4), and for viral infections 10-fold (10.0; 8.9-11.4). Multiple myeloma patients diagnosed in the more recent calendar periods had significantly higher risk of infections compared to controls (p<0.001). At one year of follow-up, infection was the underlying cause in 22% of deaths in multiple myeloma patients. Mortality due to infections remained constant during the study period. Our findings confirm that infections represent a major threat to multiple myeloma patients. The effect on infectious complications due to novel drugs introduced in the treatment of multiple myeloma needs to be established and trials on prophylactic measures are needed

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of infections: a population-based study.

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.No comprehensive evaluation has been made to assess the risk of viral and bacterial infections among patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Using population-based data from Sweden, we estimated risk of infections among 5,326 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance patients compared to 20,161 matched controls. Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance had a 2-fold increased risk (P<0.05) of developing any infection at 5- and 10-year follow up. More specifically, patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance had an increased risk (P<0.05) of bacterial (pneumonia, osteomyelitis, septicemia, pyelonephritis, cellulitis, endocarditis, and meningitis), and viral (influenza and herpes zoster) infections. Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance with M-protein concentrations over 2.5 g/dL at diagnosis had highest risks of infections. However, the risk was also increased (P<0.05) among those with concentrations below 0.5 g/dL. Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance who developed infections had no excess risk of developing multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia or related malignancy. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms behind infections in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, and may have clinical implications.Stockholm County Council Karolinska Institutet Cancer Society in Stockholm NIH, NC

Peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance : A population-based study including 15,351 cases and 58,619 matched controls

Funding Information: this research was supported by grants from the University of Iceland Research Fund, Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS), Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund, and Karolinska Institutet Foundations. Funding support for this publication was provided by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Core Grant (P30 CA008748) and the Perelman Family Foundation in collaboration with the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) for OL. SR is a PhD candidate at the University of Iceland and this work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for a PhD. Funding Information: 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; 2Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden; 3Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and 4Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Correspondence: SAEMUNDUR ROGNVALDSSON - [email protected] doi:10.3324/haematol.2019.239632 Funding: this research was supported by grants from the University of Iceland Research Fund, Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS), Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund, and Karolinska Institutet Foundations. Funding support for this publication was provided by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Core Grant (P30 CA008748) and the Perelman Family Foundation in collaboration with the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) for OL. SR is a PhD candidate at the University of Iceland and this work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for a PhD.Peer reviewe