Workload patterns of fast charging stations along the German Autobahn

We analyze daily charging demand patterns of electric vehicles at DC fast charging stations along the German autobahn for an average week in 2020. For this we develop an agent based simulation tool based on current empirical mobility data. Our results show that already in 2020 about 1,000 charging processes per charging location and day might be realistic. In order to avoid long waiting times these charging locations should be equipped with about 20 charging points. A utilization rate of up to 80% makes a profitable operation of these stations highly probable. A sensitivity analysis indicates main parameters which influence the throughput of electric vehicles significantly

Analyzing the Charging Flexibility Potential of Different Electric Vehicle Fleets Using Real-World Charging Data

A successful transformation of the energy and transportation sector is one of the main targets for our society today. Battery electric vehicles can play a key role in future renewable-based energy supply systems because of their ability to store electrical power. Additionally, they provide significant charging flexibility due to the long parking durations. In this paper, we provide insights into the temporal and power-specific flexibility behavior of three different vehicle fleets. These fleets are pool vehicles of office employees, a public authority, and a logistics company. Several parameters, such as the average charging power per charging event or the average plug-in duration per charging event, are discussed. Additionally, we investigate different charging rates and their impact on the temporal flexibility of the charging events. The data analysis shows that the logistics site has the most homogeneous charging profile as well as high charging flexibility, in contrast to the office and public agency site. The results are of significant importance for future applications in the field of smart charging and ancillary services provision

Coronary Access After TAVR-in-TAVR as Evaluated by Multidetector Computed Tomography.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess coronary accessibility after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)-in-TAVR using multidetector computed tomography. BACKGROUND Expanding TAVR to patients with longer life expectancy may involve more frequent bioprosthetic valve failure and need for redo TAVR. Coronary access after TAVR-in-TAVR may be challenging, particularly as the leaflets from the initial transcatheter heart valve (THV) will form a neo-skirt following TAVR-in-TAVR. METHODS In 45 patients treated with different combinations of CoreValve and Evolut (CV/EV) THVs with supra-annular leaflet position and SAPIEN THVs with intra-annular leaflet position, post-TAVR-in-TAVR multidetector computed tomographic scans were analyzed to examine coronary accessibility. RESULTS After TAVR-in-TAVR, the coronary arteries originated below the top of the neo-skirt in 90% of CV/EV-first cases compared with 67% of SAPIEN-first cases (p = 0.009). For these coronary arteries originating below the top of the neo-skirt, the distance between the THV and the aortic wall was <3 mm in 56% and 25% of CV/EV-first and SAPIEN-first cases, respectively (p = 0.035). Coronary access may be further complicated by THV-THV stent frame strut misalignment in 53% of CV/EV-in-CV/EV cases. The risk for technically impossible coronary access was 27% and 10% in CV/EV-first and SAPIEN-first cases, respectively (p = 0.121). Absence of THV interference with coronary accessibility can be expected in 8% and 33% of CV/EV-first and SAPIEN-first cases, respectively (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Coronary access after TAVR-in-TAVR may be challenging in a significant proportion of patients. THVs with intra-annular leaflet position or low commissural height and large open cells may be preferable in terms of coronary access after TAVR-in-TAVR