El disseny com a eina per organitzar un mercat informal en l espai urbà, el cas de Sangolquí en Ecuador.

[ES] Los mercados y las ferias informales, suelen apropiarse del espacio público para la comercialización de todo tipo de productos. En muchos casos en los municipios del Ecuador, las autoridades intentan reubicar a los feriantes en instalaciones cerradas para dar una mejor imagen al espacio urbano, sin ni siquiera reflexionar en qué medida este acto acabará eliminando la idiosincrasia de muchos de estos pueblos. Sangolquí, a tan solo cuarenta y cinco minutos de Quito, es una de las pocas ciudades en donde se permite que las ferias se apropien del espacio público. Esto ocasiona una serie de problemáticas de índole urbano, paisajístico y de sanidad pública ya que, con mucha frecuencia, la totalidad del centro urbano termina por ser invadido por una gran extensión de puestos de comercio informal. Las soluciones precarias que los comerciantes adoptan para protegerse del clima y exponer sus productos, son las principales razones por las que los municipios adoptan medidas tan agresivas como son la desocupación por la fuerza del espacio público apropiado de manera ilegal, o la reubicación de las ferias en grandes contenedores, donde no solo se pierde la frecuencia de compradores, sino también la identidad colectiva y de vida en comunidad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proteger las ferias de calle de su desaparición, al constituir un patrimonio intangible históricamente arraigado en la cultura ecuatoriana y con capacidad de reactivar la escena urbana. Para ello, se propone una reflexión arquitectónica sobre la ordenación del espacio urbano que incluya el diseño de un prototipo que dignifique los puestos de trabajo, simplificando su montaje y transporte, para que la apropiación de las plazas y calles no suponga un problema, sino al contrario, que las ferias sigan siendo parte de la cultura hasta convertirse en un potencial atractivo turístico en Ecuador.[EN] Markets and informal fairs usually take over the public space for the commercialization of all kind of products. In many cases in the municipalities of Ecuador, the authorities try to relocate the marketers in indoor places with the purpose of improving the city image, without even considering to what extent this act will end up eliminating the essence and idiosyncrasy of these villages. Sangolquí, at a distance of forty-five minutes from Quito, is one of the few cities that allows fairs to appropriate public space. This causes many problems of urban, landscape and public health, very often, the entire urban center ends up being invaded by a large extension of informal trade posts. The precarious solutions that the merchants adopt to protect themselves from the weather and expose their products are the main reasons for the municipalities to adopt such aggressive measures as the forced eviction of the public space that is appropriated in an illegal way, or the relocation of the fairs in indoor spaces, where not only the clients attendance gets lost, but also the collective identity and community life. The objective of this project is to protect street fairs from their disappearance, as intangible heritage historically rooted in Ecuadorian culture and with the capacity to reactivate the urban scene. To achieve this, an architectural reflection on urban space planning is proposed, including the design of a prototype that aims to improve work spaces, simplifying their montage and transportation, in order that the appropriation of squares and streets does not suppose a problem, and so, the fairs will continue being part of the culture and even becoming a potential tourist attraction in Ecuador.Delgado Lanas, A. (2022). El diseño como herramienta para organizar un mercado informal en el espacio urbano, el caso de Sangolquí en Ecuador. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/186106TFG

Combination of High Prevalence Sign/Symptom Pairs: An Approach to the Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome

Most of the clinical features of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) are nonspecific and could be present in obesity, particularly when this condition is associated with metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency of clinical manifestations and changes in general laboratory tests, in patients with confirmed endogenous CS, to identify diagnostic dyads. We evaluated in each patient the rate of coexistence of 2 elements either: symptoms, clinical signs, or laboratory alteration. The prevalence of a combined pair of clinical features or dyad in over 30% of the cases, was considered clinically significant. Fourteen dyads were identified as clinically relevant. Facies + buffalo hump; facies + eosinopenia; buffalo hump + supraclavicular fat pads and facies + supraclavicular fat pads, were present in over 50% of cases. Facies + muscular atrophy; centripetal fat distribution + muscular atrophy and facies + striae were present in 42–49%. Hirsutism/acne + eosinopenia; buffalo hump + eosinopenia; muscular atrophy+ eosinopenia; eosinopenia + accelerated weight gain; buffalo hump + muscular atrophy; hirsutism/acne + muscular atrophy and hirsutism/acne + supraclavicular fat pads, were observed in 33–38% of patients. Its application will facilitate the correct diagnosis of CS

Análisis de la efectividad del marco legal de la inclusión educativa en el primer año de educación general básica

El presente estudio se realizó con el propósito de conocer la realidad de niños con discapacidad, quienes han sido incluidos en aulas ordinarias en el primer año de Educación General Básica, después de varios años de vigencia de la normativa actual que promueve la inclusión educativa. Para lograr dicho propósito se ejecutó una observación continua durante tres meses en seis instituciones educativas con diferente tipo de financiamiento y filosofía. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron diversos en cada una, sin embargo logramos evidenciar que los procesos de inclusión educativa, en general, aún son mayoritariamente deficientes, tanto en lo pedagógico como en sus condiciones físicas, y la principal barrera encontrada fue la actitud docente y de directivos frente a la diversidad como una realidad óptima de desarrollo, sin descartar algunas propuestas encontradas que logran ser inclusivas y llevar procesos pedagógicos apropiados para responder efectivamente a la diversidad. Lo afirmado nos lleva a concluir la necesidad urgente de mejorar la formación docente, de seguimiento y evaluación a profundidad de los procesos educativos, sin quedarse en la recolección de información superficial

Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models

Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms

Insulin autoimmune syndrome. Report of two cases Síndrome de hipoglicemia autoinmune. Primeros casos en Chile

© 2015, Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemia with extremely high insulin levels and the presence of circulating autoantibodies against insulin, in patients who have never been exposed to exogenous insulin. We report two patients with the syndrome. A 36 years old male presenting with hypoglycemia in the emergency room had an oral glucose tolerance test showed basal and 120 min glucose levels of 88 and 185 mg/dl. The basal and 120 min insulin levels were 2,759 and 5,942 μUI/ml. The presence of an insulin secreting tumor was discarded. Anti-insulin antibodies were positive. He was successfully treated with a diet restricted in carbohydrates and frequent meals in small quantities. A 65 years old female presenting with hypoglycemia in the emergency room had the fasting insulin levels of 1,910 µUI/ml. No insulin secreting tumor was detected by images and anti-insulin antibodies were positive. The pol

Clinical features of patients with Basedow Graves disease seen at a university hospital Caracterización de pacientes controlados por enfermedad de Basedow Graves en un hospital universitario

© 2017, Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Background: Basedow Graves disease (BGD) is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism. The characteristics of patients seen at a university hospital may differ from those described in the general population. Aim: To describe the clinical features of patients with BGD seen at a university hospital. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of all patients seen at our hospital between 2009 and 2014 with the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism or BGD. Clinical features, laboratory results and treatments were recorded. Results: We reviewed clinical records of 272 patients; 15 had to be excluded due to incomplete data. BGD was present in 77.9% (n = 212). The mean age of the latter was 42 years (range 10-81) and 76% were women. Ninety six percent were hyperthyroid at diagnosis and thyroid stimulating hormone was below 0.1 mIU/L in all patients. Median free thyroxin and triiodothyronine levels were 3.26 ng/dl and 3.16 ng/ml,