Retrospective study of traumatic phimosis in horses and treatment with penis shortening surgery circumcision (1982-2007)

Traumatismos no pênis e prepúcio de garanhões são causas comuns de infertilidade nos equinos e entre elas destaca-se a fimose, que, neste estudo retrospectivo, realizado em 367 propriedades rurais, foram encontrados 49 casos da enfermidade, sendo 43 casos de origem traumática e com 12 óbitos. A técnica de circuncisão com encurtamento do pênis foi utilizada para a correção da enfermidade em 20 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com o protocolo anestésico utilizado. Todos os equinos apresentaram como complicação pós-operatória edema em vários graus, porém diminuindo significativamente em 95% dos animais após o sétimo dia. Assim, concluiu-se que a técnica de circuncisão com encurtamento peniano constitui-se em alternativa viável e eficiente no tratamento de fimose traumática em equinos. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTPenis and prepuce injuries of stallions are common causes of infertility in horses and among them, paraphimosis is featured. This retrospective study was conducted in 367 rural properties and 49 cases were found; 43 of them were traumatic with 12 deaths. The technique of circumcision with shortening of the penis was used for the correction of the disease in 20 animals. They were divided into two groups according to the anesthetic protocol used. All horses had post-operative complications such as edema in various degrees, which decreased significantly in 95% of animals after the seventh day. Thus, it was concluded that the technique of circumcision with penis shortening is an effective alternative in the treatment of traumatic paraphimosis in horses

Nasal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy preschool children in Ujjain, India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is increasing evidence that community acquired <it>S. aureus </it>infections are spreading among healthy children. Nasal colonization with <it>S. aureus </it>plays pivotal role in the increasing prevalence of resistant community acquired <it>S. aureus </it>infections worldwide. A regular surveillance system is important in ensuring quality of patient care. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with nasal carriage of <it>S. aureus </it>and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern among healthy children in Ujjain, India.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospective study was done in paediatric outpatient clinics of R.D. Gardi medical college Ujjain, India. Healthy children from 1 month to 59 months of age were included. Information on previously known risk factors for nasal colonization was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Swabs from anterior nares were collected and transported in Amies transport media with charcoal and cultured on 5% sheep blood agar. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method according to performance standards of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 1,562 children from 1-month up-to five years of age included in the study 98 children tested positive for nasal carriage of <it>S. aureus</it>. The prevalence of nasal carriage of <it>S. aureus </it>was 6.3% (95% CI 5.1-7.5) out of which 16.3% (95% CI 8.9-23.8) were methicillin-resistant <it>S. aureus </it>(MRSA). The factors associated with nasal carriage were "child attending preschool" (OR 4.26, 95% CI 2.25-8.03; <it>P </it>= 0.007) or "school" (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.27-7.18; <it>P </it>< 0.001) and "family size more than 10 members" (OR 2.76 95% CI 1.06-7.15; <it>P </it>= 0.03). The sensitivity pattern of isolated <it>S. aureus </it>showed resistance to commonly used oral antibiotics while resistance to glycopeptides was not noted.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We found a relatively low rate of nasal carriage of <it>S. aureus </it>in children below five years when compared to children of older age groups in India. Yet, prevalence of MRSA was relatively high.</p

Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy Venezuelan children

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We investigated both the colonization and co-colonization characteristics for these pathogens among 250 healthy children from 2 to 5 years of age in Merida, Venezuela, in 2007. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae colonization, S. aureus colonization, and S. pneumoniae–S. aureus co-colonization was 28%, 56%, and 16%, respectively. Pneumococcal serotypes 6B (14%), 19F (12%), 23F (12%), 15 (9%), 6A (8%), 11 (8%), 23A (6%), and 34 (6%) were the most prevalent. Non-respiratory atopy was a risk factor for S. aureus colonization (p = 0.017). Vaccine serotypes were negatively associated with preceding respiratory infection (p = 0.02) and with S. aureus colonization (p = 0.03). We observed a high prevalence of pneumococcal resistance against trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (40%), erythromycin (38%), and penicillin (14%). Semi-quantitative measurement of pneumococcal colonization density showed that children with young siblings and low socioeconomic status were more densely colonized (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole- and multidrug-resistant-pneumococci colonized children sparsely (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Our data form an important basis to monitor the future impact of pneumococcal vaccination on bacterial colonization, as well as to recommend a rationalized and restrictive antimicrobial use in our community

sodC-Based Real-Time PCR for Detection of Neisseria meningitidis

Real-time PCR (rt-PCR) is a widely used molecular method for detection of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). Several rt-PCR assays for Nm target the capsule transport gene, ctrA. However, over 16% of meningococcal carriage isolates lack ctrA, rendering this target gene ineffective at identification of this sub-population of meningococcal isolates. The Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase gene, sodC, is found in Nm but not in other Neisseria species. To better identify Nm, regardless of capsule genotype or expression status, a sodC-based TaqMan rt-PCR assay was developed and validated. Standard curves revealed an average lower limit of detection of 73 genomes per reaction at cycle threshold (Ct) value of 35, with 100% average reaction efficiency and an average R2 of 0.9925. 99.7% (624/626) of Nm isolates tested were sodC-positive, with a range of average Ct values from 13.0 to 29.5. The mean sodC Ct value of these Nm isolates was 17.6±2.2 (±SD). Of the 626 Nm tested, 178 were nongroupable (NG) ctrA-negative Nm isolates, and 98.9% (176/178) of these were detected by sodC rt-PCR. The assay was 100% specific, with all 244 non-Nm isolates testing negative. Of 157 clinical specimens tested, sodC detected 25/157 Nm or 4 additional specimens compared to ctrA and 24 more than culture. Among 582 carriage specimens, sodC detected Nm in 1 more than ctrA and in 4 more than culture. This sodC rt-PCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific method for detection of Nm, especially in carriage studies where many meningococcal isolates lack capsule genes

Molecular epidemiology and risk factors for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in infants attending day-care centers in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Juliana Lamaro completa 2010.pdf: 383347 bytes, checksum: b303674ff0d9eef2f056b5d7aa6a4a91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-15Objectives: (i) to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage in children attending day-care centers (DCC) in the municipality of Goiânia; (ii) to determine the potential risk factors related to S. aureus carriage and MRSA; (iii) to characterize MRSA isolates circulating in DCCs using molecular typing methods. Methods: Between August and December 2005, nasal swabs were collected from children who attended 62 DCCs. Clinical and socio-demographic information associated with the acquisition of S. aureus and MRSA were obtained through questionnaires applied to parents or guardians. The swabs were processed following the standard methods for identification and isolation of S. aureus. Amplification femB gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the specie. The presence of mecA gene was detected by PCR and the positive isolates were identified as MRSA. Susceptibility to MRSA was determined by disk diffusion method. MRSA molecular typing was performed by PFGE, MLST, spa typing and SCCmec multiplex PCR. Results: 371 (31.1%) out of the 1.192 collected swabs were positive for S. aureus and 14 (1.2%) were identified as MRSA. The factors independently associated with risks for nasal colonization by S. aureus were children higher than two years of age (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.27-2.65) and previous DCC attendance (OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.01-2.16). Mother s high degree of education was a protective factor for S. aureus carriage (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.80). A multidrug resistant dominant MRSA lineage was identified comprising 8 out of the 14 MRSA isolates. This cluster was characterized as SCCmec type IIIA, ST239 and spa type t037 sharing 82.7% genetic similarity with the Brazilian clone. One MRSA strain was classified as SCCmec type V and ST1120. This strain showed features of CA-MRSA although it has been recovered from a healthy child who presented risk factors for HA-MRSA acquisition. The remaining MRSA strains showed a diverse genetic background. Conclusions: Children attending DCCs are often colonized with S. aureus and although the prevalence of MRSA was low, they can represent potential vectors of spread of resistant pathogens to the community. The detection of a MRSA lineage circulating within DCCs suggests a two-way flow spread of MRSA between hospitals and community.Objetivos: (i) avaliar a prevalência de portador nasal de Staphylococcus aureus e S. aureus resistentes à meticilina (MRSA) em crianças que frequentam centros municipais de educação infantil (CMEIs) no município de Goiânia; (ii) determinar os potenciais fatores de risco relacionados com a colonização nasal pelo S. aureus e por MRSA; (iii) caracterizar os isolados de MRSA circulantes nos CMEIS utilizando métodos de tipagem molecular. Material e Métodos: De agosto e dezembro de 2005, swabs nasais foram coletados de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade atendidas em 62 CMEIs do município. Informações clínicas e sócio-demográficas associadas à aquisição de S. aureus e MRSA foram obtidas por meio de questionários aplicados aos pais ou responsáveis. Os swabs foram processados seguindo metodologia padronizada para identificação e isolamento de S. aureus. A confirmação da espécie foi realizada pela amplificaçao do gene femB por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). A presença do gene mecA foi detectada por PCR e os isolados positivos foram identificados como MRSA. O perfil de suscetibilidade para estes isolados foi determinado pelo método de disco difusão. A tipagem molecular dos MRSA foi realizada pelas técnicas de PFGE, MLST, spa typing e SCCmec multiplex PCR. Utilizou-se regressão logística para o cálculo do odds ratio e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Resultados: Entre os 1.192 swabs coletados, 371 (31,1%) foram positivos para S. aureus e 14 (1,2%) foram identificados como MRSA. Os fatores independentemente associados ao portador nasal de S. aureus foram: crianças acima de dois anos de idade (OR=1,83; IC95% 1,27-2,65) e ter frequentado outra creche (OR= 1,48; IC95% 1,01-2,16). Alto grau de escolaridade da mãe foi um fator protetor para a colonização por S. aureus (OR=0,43; IC95% 0,23-0,80). Uma linhagem genética predominante foi identificada compreendendo 8 dos 14 MRSA isolados. Esta linhagem apresentou perfil de multirresistência, SCCmec tipo IIIA, ST239 e spa type t037, compartilhando 82,7% de similaridade genética com o Clone MRSA Brasileiro. Uma cepa MRSA foi classificada como SCCmec tipo V e ST1120. Esta cepa apresentou características genéticas de MRSA associados à comunidade embora tenha sido recuperada de criança com fatores de risco para aquisição de MRSA relacionado ao serviço de saúde. As demais cepas MRSA apresentaram composição genética bastante diversa. Conclusões: A prevalência de crianças de creches colonizadas pelo S. aureus é alta. Embora a prevalência para MRSA tenha sido baixa nessas crianças, elas representam vetores potenciais de disseminação de MRSA para comunidade. A detecção de uma linhagem de MRSA circulando nos CMEIs e associada a serviços de saúde pode estar sinalizando uma rota de transmissão cruzada destes microrganismos entre hospitais e comunidade

Bioestimulatory effects of low level laser therapy assocated with stromal vascular fraction in the treatment of third degree burn wounds in rats

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2016-01-14T11:39:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Lamaro Cardoso - 2015.pdf: 3044296 bytes, checksum: a1b0257c1b7a1f083429fbd5076a9887 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2016-01-15T08:09:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Lamaro Cardoso - 2015.pdf: 3044296 bytes, checksum: a1b0257c1b7a1f083429fbd5076a9887 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T08:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Lamaro Cardoso - 2015.pdf: 3044296 bytes, checksum: a1b0257c1b7a1f083429fbd5076a9887 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEGStromal vascular fraction and irradiation with low level laser are resources potencially applicable in the treatment of burn injuries. Objectives This study aimed to: (i) analyze the macroscopic, microscopic and morphometric effects of stromal vascular fraction application compared to conventional care in 3rd degree burn injuries in rats; (ii) analyze the macroscopic, microscopic and morphometric effects of stromal vascular fraction containing adipose derived stem cells application associated with low level laser compared to conventional care in 3rd degree burn injuries in rats; (iii) whether the macroscopic, microscopic and morphometric effects of stromal vascular fraction containing adipose derived stem cells application associated with low level laser irradiation are dependent on the irradiation dose applied. Method: This project was approved by the Ethics Committee on the use of animals at UFG, protocol number 035/2013. All animals received injections of stromal vascular fraction prepared from adipose tissue extracted from a animal donor and occlusive dressing. The animals were divided into 5 groups: control (CT), stromal vascular fraction (SVF), stromal vascular fraction plus Laser at 27mW of power (SVFL27), stromal vascular fraction plus Laser at 53mW of power (SVFL53) and stromal vascular fraction plus Laser at 76mW of power (SVFL76).The animals were followed ove days 3, 7 and 30 for the evaluation of macroscopic, microscopic and morphometric aspects. For statistical analysis we used the parametric "t test". Results: The morphometric analysis showed a reduction in wound area in SVFL27 group compared to the others, but without statistically significant difference. In SVFL76 group was observed inhibition of wound contraction compared to SVFL27 and CT groups (p <0,05). Was observed on day 3 significantly increased (p <0.05) infiltration of polymorphonuclear, fibrin formation and in the number of fibroblasts in all treated groups compared to CT. On the 7th day the mononuclear infiltrate, angiogenesis, collagen and number of fibroblasts was significantly higher in all treated groups compared to CT (p <0.05). The SVFL27 group also showed a higher number of fibroblasts compared to groups SVF, SVFL53 and SVFL76. At 30 days significantly increased reepitalization and collagen deposition were observed in all treated groups compared to CT (p <0.05). The SVFL53 group also showed higher polymorphonuclear infiltrate compared to other groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: Isolated application of SFV or in combination with low level Laser gives better results than conventional care in burn injury in rats and the effects of the combination of the two features are doseFração estromal vascular e irradiação com Laser de baixa potência são recursos potencialmente aplicáveis no tratamento de lesões por queimadura. O presente estudo teve por objetivo: (i) analisar os efeitos macroscópicos, microscópicos e morfométricos da aplicação de fração estromal vascular contendo células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo comparada ao cuidado convencional em lesões por queimadura de 3º grau em ratos; (ii) analisar os efeitos macroscópicos, microscópicos e morfométricos da aplicação de fração estromal vascular contendo células-tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo associada ao Laser de baixa potência comparada ao cuidado convencional em lesões por queimadura de 3º grau em ratos; (iii) analisar se os efeitos macroscópicos, microscópicos e morfométricos da aplicação de fração estromal vascular associada ao Laser de baixa potência são dependentes da dose de irradiação aplicada. Método: Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética no uso de animais da UFG, protocolo número 035/2013. Todos os animais receberam injeções de fração estromal vascular preparada a partir do tecido adiposo extraído de animal doador e curativo oclusivo. Os animais foram distribuídos em 5 grupos: controle (CT), fração estromal vascular (FEV), fração estromal vascular mais Laser a 27mW de potência (FEVL27), fração estromal vascular mais Laser a 53mW de potência (FEVL53) e fração estromal vascular mais Laser a 76mW de potência (FEVL76). Foram acompanhados ao longo dos dias 3, 7 e trinta para a avaliação dos aspectos macroscópicos, microscópicos e morfométricos. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: a análise morfométrica mostrou redução da área da ferida mais acentuada no grupo FEVL27 comparado ao demais, porém, sem diferença estatisticamente significante. No grupo FEVL76 foi observada inibição da contração da ferida comparada aos grupos FEVL27 e CT. Foi observado no 3º dia aumento significativo (p <0,05) do infiltrado polimorfonuclear, formação de fibrina e número de fibroblastos em todos os grupos tratados comparados ao CT. No 7º dia o infiltrado mononuclear, angiogênese, colágeno e número de fibroblastos foi significativamente maior em todos os grupos tratados comparados ao CT (p <0,05). O grupo FEVL27 também apresentou maior número de fibroblastos comparado aos grupos FEV, FEVL53 e FEVL76. Aos 30 dias aumento significativo da reepitalização e deposição de colágeno foram observados em todos os grupos tratados comparados ao CT (p <0,05). O grupo FEVL53 também apresentou maior infiltrado polimorfonuclear comparado aos demais grupos (p <0,05). Conclusão: aplicação isolada de FEV ou em associação com Laser de baixa potência confere melhores resultados que o cuidado convencional em lesões por queimadura em ratos e os efeitos da associação dos dois recursos são dose dependentes