Ampliación y reubicación del centro juvenil de diagnóstico y rehabilitación Miguel Grau - Piura

El Centro de Diagnóstico y Rehabilitación Miguel Grau – Piura, es una institución que se encarga del internamiento del joven en Conflicto con la Ley Penal, teniendo como objetivo primordial lograr la rehabilitación del adolescente infractor, con el fin que pueda reinsertarse en la sociedad. Actualmente presenta una serie de problemas tales como: su inadecuada ubicación al no ser compatible con los equipamientos aledaños, supera el límite de capacidad para albergar a los jóvenes que ingresan y están dentro del Centro, además que no cuenta con las condiciones necesarias, es decir la infraestructura no es la adecuada puesto que las instalaciones se encuentran en mal estado trayendo consigo riesgos físicos en el desarrollo de las actividades. Todo esto considerado como un factor de impedimento para que los jóvenes logren su óptima rehabilitación. Independientemente al problema de infraestructura, es la cantidad deficiente de personal profesional encargado de interactuar con el joven mediante metodologías socio- educativas que permitan el cambio de este. Cabe resaltar que la interrelación entre el joven y el equipo multidisciplinario (el personal profesional y los padres) es la base de motivación que los lleva al cambio. Por ello se plantea la propuesta de un proyecto factible implementando un Centro acorde a las necesidades de la sociedad juvenil infractora teniendo como finalidad mejorar la calidad de servicio al adolescente infractor, puesto que él es el beneficiario directo de este proyecto; otro fin es lograr albergar en su totalidad a los jóvenes que ingresan al Centro Juvenil. Por otro lado, un desarrollo funcional que cumpla con todos los parámetros normativos de diseño, implementando los ambientes necesarios para el desarrollo de sus actividades, debido a que estos ambientes propuestos deben generar seguridad y familiaridad siendo un modo de motivación que los lleve al cambio, es decir el estar y sentirse en un ambiente tranquilo influye mucho en su aspecto psicológico del joven, de modo que no se sientan reprimidos.The Miguel Grau - Piura Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Center is responsible for the internment of the youth in Conflict with the Criminal Law, with the primary objective of achieving the rehabilitation of the youth in order to be able to reintegrate into society. Currently, it presents a series of problems such as: Its inadequate location, as it is not compatible with the equipment that surrounds it, exceeds the capacity limit to house young people who enter and are inside the Center, another problem is that it does not have the conditions necessary, that is, the infrastructure is not adequate since the facilities are in poor condition, bringing physical risks in the development of the activities. All this considered as an impediment factor for young people to achieve their optimal rehabilitation. Regardless of the infrastructure problem, it is not having enough professional staff in charge of interacting with the young person through socio-educational methodologies that allow the change of this. It should be noted that the interrelation between the youth and the multidisciplinary team (professional staff and parents) is the motivation base that leads them to change. Therefore, the proposal of a feasible project is proposed by implementing a Center according to the needs of the offending youth society with the purpose of improving the quality of service to the offending adolescent, since he is the direct beneficiary of this project; Another goal is to fully accommodate the young people who enter the Youth Center. On the other hand, a functional development that meets all the normative parameters of design, implementing the necessary environments for the development of its activities, since it is possible to say that the proposed environments must generate security and familiarity being a way of motivation that leads them to change, that is, being and feeling in a calm environment greatly influences your psychological aspect of the young person, so that they do not feel repressed.Tesi

The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for HIV in Migrants in the EU/EEA: A Systematic Review

Migrants, defined as individuals who move from their country of origin to another, account for 40% of newly-diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Populations at high risk for HIV include migrants, from countries or living in neighbourhoods where HIV is prevalent, and those participating in high risk behaviour. These migrants are at risk of low CD4 counts at diagnosis, increased morbidity, mortality, and onward transmission. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HIV testing strategies in migrant populations and to estimate their effect on testing uptake, mortality, and resource requirements. Following a systematic overview, we included four systematic reviews on the effectiveness of strategies in non-migrant populations and inferred their effect on migrant populations, as well as eight individual studies on cost-effectiveness/resource requirements. We assessed the certainty of our results using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The systematic reviews reported that HIV tests are highly accurate (rapid test >90% sensitivity, Western blot and ELISA >99% sensitivity). A meta-analysis showed that rapid testing approaches improve the access and uptake of testing (risk ratio = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.69 to 5.16), and were associated with a lower incidence of HIV in the middle-aged women subgroup among marginalised populations at a high risk of HIV exposure and HIV related stigma. Economic evidence on rapid counselling and testing identified strategic advantages with rapid tests. In conclusion, community-based rapid testing programmes may have the potential to improve uptake of HIV testing among migrant populations across a range of EU/EEA settings

Public health effects of travel-related policies on the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods systematic review

Objectives: To map travel policies implemented due to COVID-19 during 2020, and conduct a mixed methods systematic review of health effects of such policies, and related contextual factors. Design: Policy mapping and systematic review. Data sources and Eligibility Criteria: for the policy mapping, we searched websites of relevant government bodies and used data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for a convenient sample of 31 countries across different regions. For the systematic review, we searched Medline (Ovid), PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and COVID-19 specific databases. We included randomized controlled trial, non-randomized studies, modeling studies, and qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers selected studies, abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Results: Most countries adopted a total border closure at the start of the pandemic. For the remainder of the year, partial border closure banning arrivals from some countries or regions was the most widely adopted measure, followed by mandatory quarantine and screening of travelers. The systematic search identified 69 eligible studies, including 50 modeling studies. Both observational and modeling evidence suggest that border closure may reduce the number of COVID-19 cases, disease spread across countries and between regions, and slow the progression of the outbreak. These effects are likely to be enhanced when implemented early, and when combined with measures reducing transmission rates in the community. Quarantine of travelers may decrease the number of COVID-19 cases but its effectiveness depends on compliance and enforcement and is more effective if followed by testing, especially when less than 14 day-quarantine is considered. Screening at departure and/or arrival is unlikely to detect a large proportion of cases or to delay an outbreak. Effectiveness of screening may be improved with increased sensitivity of screening tests, awareness of travelers, asymptomatic screening, and exit screening at country source. While four studies on contextual evidence found that the majority of the public is supportive of travel restrictions, they uncovered concerns about the unintended harms of those policies.Peer Reviewe

The Matter of Future Heritage

In 2018, for the first time, the University of Bologna’s Board of PhD in Architecture and Design Culture assigned second-year PhD students the task of developing and managing an international conference and publishing its works. The organisers of the first edition of this initiative – Giacomo Corda, Pamela Lama, Viviana Lorenzo, Sara Maldina, Lia Marchi, Martina Massari and Giulia Custodi – have chosen to leverage the solid relationship between the Department of Architecture and the Municipality of Bologna to publish a call having to do with the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018, in which the Municipality was involved. The theme chosen for the call, The Matter of Future Heritage, set itself the ambitious goal of questioning the future of a field of research – Cultural Heritage (CH) – that is constantly being  redefined. A work that was made particularly complex in Europe by the development of the H2020 programme, where the topic entered, surprisingly, not as a protagonist but rather as an articulation of other subjects that in the vision of the programme seemed evidently more urgent and, one might say, dominant. The resulting tensions have been considerable and with both negative and positive implications, all the more evident if we refer to the issues that are closest to us namely the city and the landscape

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Two randomized trials of neutralizing antibodies to prevent HIV-1 acquisition

BACKGROUND : Whether a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) can be used to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition is unclear. METHODS : We enrolled at-risk cisgender men and transgender persons in the Americas and Europe in the HVTN 704/HPTN 085 trial and at-risk women in sub-Saharan Africa in the HVTN 703/HPTN 081 trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive, every 8 weeks, infusions of a bnAb (VRC01) at a dose of either 10 or 30 mg per kilogram (low-dose group and high-dose group, respectively) or placebo, for 10 infusions in total. HIV-1 testing was performed every 4 weeks. The VRC01 80% inhibitory concentration (IC80) of acquired isolates was measured with the TZM-bl assay. RESULTS : Adverse events were similar in number and severity among the treatment groups within each trial. Among the 2699 participants in HVTN 704/HPTN 085, HIV-1 infection occurred in 32 in the low-dose group, 28 in the high-dose group, and 38 in the placebo group. Among the 1924 participants in HVTN 703/HPTN 081, infection occurred in 28 in the low-dose group, 19 in the high-dose group, and 29 in the placebo group. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years in HVTN 704/ HPTN 085 was 2.35 in the pooled VRC01 groups and 2.98 in the placebo group (estimated prevention efficacy, 26.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −11.7 to 51.8; P = 0.15), and the incidence per 100 person-years in HVTN 703/HPTN 081 was 2.49 in the pooled VRC01 groups and 3.10 in the placebo group (estimated prevention efficacy, 8.8%; 95% CI, −45.1 to 42.6; P = 0.70). In prespecified analyses pooling data across the trials, the incidence of infection with VRC01-sensitive isolates (IC80 <1 μg per milliliter) per 100 person-years was 0.20 among VRC01 recipients and 0.86 among placebo recipients (estimated prevention efficacy, 75.4%; 95% CI, 45.5 to 88.9). The prevention efficacy against sensitive isolates was similar for each VRC01 dose and trial; VRC01 did not prevent acquisition of other HIV-1 isolates. CONCLUSIONS : VRC01 did not prevent overall HIV-1 acquisition more effectively than placebo, but analyses of VRC01-sensitive HIV-1 isolates provided proof-of-concept that bnAb prophylaxis can be effective.Supported by Public Health Service Grants (UM1 AI068614, to the HIV Vaccine Trials Network [HVTN]; UM1 AI068635, to the HVTN Statistical Data and Management Center [SDMC], Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [FHCRC]; UM1 AI068618, to HVTN Laboratory Center, FHCRC; UM1 AI068619, to the HPTN Leadership and Operations Center; UM1 AI068613, to the HIV Prevention Trials Network [HPTN] Laboratory Center; UM1 AI068617, to the HPTN SDMC; and P30 AI027757, to the Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID.http://www.nejm.orgam2022School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH

The contribution of international research to the European Urban Agenda for Culture and Cultural Heritage: bringing European policies into local practices and vice versa

Following the progressive recognition, at the European and international levels, of the multi-faced benefits that Cultural Heritage (CH) brings to cities and society, creating better and more attractive places where to live and work, the research deals with CH and its potential in supporting integrated, people-centred, participatory and sustainable development policies at the urban level. The research follows the progress of the process launched in 2016 by the Pact of Amsterdam, which called for the adoption of a European Urban Agenda, to identify, through multi-level and multi-stakeholders Partnerships (UAEU Partnerships), effective solutions to the increasingly complex urban challenges. Within such a framework, the research has elaborated an integrated approach for the definition of an Action Plan for Cultural Heritage, consisting in a set of local actions, resulting from the intersection between: - the review of the most recent EU and international policies and programmes related to CH and integrated urban development; - the main findings emerged from the work conducted by the ongoing 14 UAEU Partnerships, to identify possible cross-cutting issues and correlations with the CH domain; - the analysis of the solutions implemented by the most recent and innovative EU-funded projects in the field dealing, in a synergic, participatory and transversal way, with CH as an engine of regeneration, innovation and inclusive and sustainable growth, and whose findings result from the collaboration between urban authorities, research bodies and other relevant stakeholders, each contributing with its own competences, practical experience, perspectives and concrete needs. The validity of the proposed methodology in defining relevant and immediately implementable actions has been assessed against the Bologna Strategic Metropolitan Plan 2.0, demonstrating how international research is capable of nurturing in iterative process allowing to translate EU policies into local practices and vice versa, while offering new insights and inspiration for future research agendas

Aislamiento, identificación y patogenecidad de amebas de vida libre (AVL) en piscinas de los hoteles del distrito de Mancora - Piura. Diciembre 2006 - Febrero 2007

TesisEl estudio se realizó en las aguas de las piscinas de los hoteles del distrito de Máncora –Piura. El objetivo estuvo orientado al aislamiento identificación y prueba de patogenecidad a las amebas de vida libre aisladas de las aguas de las piscinas de los hoteles del distrito de Máncora. Se tomó aguas de la superficie y fondo de cada piscina y se realizaron los muestreos una vez por mes Diciembre 2006 a Febrero 2007. El estudio fue cualitativo, para lo cual se tomaron datos de pH y temperatura de ambiente y del agua conjuntamente con la muestra. Las muestras fueron colectadas en frascos estériles de 1000 ml y mantenidas a temperatura ambiente, fueron transportadas al Laboratorio Referencial de Salud Pública LARESAP y al laboratorio de microbiología de la Universidad Nacional de Piura, donde se procesaron e identificaron las muestras utilizando la clave de Page, 1967 para amebas de vida libre y la Guía de métodos para el estudio e identificación de amebas de vida libre desnudas de suelo 2004, conjuntamente con la confirmación realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud