Corrélation stratigraphique stochastique de puits

Stratigraphic correlation consists in linking boundaries of correlative units between wells or outcrops over a given study area, and is therefore one of the first steps of the characterization of the subsurface geometry, supporting geostatistical modeling of static reservoir properties. However, this early step is subject to uncertainties, since stratigraphic well correlation is constrained only by sparse observations (wells and outcrops), low resolution information coming from geophysics, regional knowledge and geological concepts. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm serves as a base for the development of a generic method stochastically performing stratigraphic correlation between units identified on available wells. The proposed method relies on the definition of correlation rules that are applied using the available data and some regional knowledge, according to the way stratigraphic units are defined. An application to the Cretaceous southern Provence carbonate basin has been performed using correlation rules based on paleo-angles and the theoretical architecture of the depositional environment. The computation of vertical proportions of facies on numerous models generated from the stochastic correlations of sequence stratigraphic units indicates that the uncertainties on the stratigraphic correlation impact the compartmentalization of the modeled reservoirs. The impact of stratigraphic correlation uncertainties on fluid flow behavior is assessed through the example of the Malampaya diagenetic carbonate reservoir. Diagenetic units are correlated on the basis of their wireline log signature and diagenetic types. Different models are generated from the stochastic well correlations, and the corresponding water saturation profiles are computed. They show different displacement patterns, indicating a stratigraphic control of the dynamic property, which contrasts with the synthetic seismic model constructed from the corresponding geomodel. Magnetostratigraphic correlation is another way to study sedimentary basin deposition and deformation history. Adapting the DTW algorithm to magnetostratigraphic data, we generate dating models of Himalayan deposits, for which conflicting interpretations are proposed in the literature. This allows managing the associated accumulation rates uncertaintiesLa corrélation entre les différents puits disponibles des unités stratigraphiques identifiées correspond à l'une des premières étapes de la construction d'un modèle de sous-sol. Les horizons stratigraphiques construits définissent, de part leur géométrie et leur topologie, l'architecture stratigraphique du sous-sol guidant simulations géostatistiques des propriétés réservoirs et des faciès. Cependant, la faible qualité et/ou quantité des données disponibles ainsi que la complexité de la mise en oeuvre des concepts sédimentologiques utilisés pour construire un modèle de corrélation rendent cette étape incertaine. Afin de gérer et d'échantillonner ces incertitudes, une méthode stochastique de corrélation stratigraphique est proposée. Cette méthode se base sur le développement de règles de corrélation, assises sur des concepts sédimentologiques ainsi que sur les connaissances a priori de la zone étudiée. Cette méthodologie est appliquée à la corrélation de séquences stratigraphiques de la de marge carbonatée, d'âge Crétacé Supérieur, du bassin Sud-Provençale. Dans cette optique, deux règles de corrélations, basées sur la cohérence des paléoangles et sur une représentation de la paléotopographie construite a priori sont définies. L'étude de la répartition des faciès dans les différents modèles de corrélations générés indique que les incertitudes sur les corrélations stratigraphiques conduisent à envisager plusieurs scenarios de compartimentation de réservoir. Une étude liant corrélations stratigraphiques, simulations d'écoulement et géophysique est menée sur le champ de gaz de Malampaya. Dans ce cas, des unités diagénétiques sont corrélées afin de construire différents modèles statiques et dynamiques de ce réservoir. Cette étude permet de montrer un fort contrôle stratigraphique sur la répartition de l'écoulement alors que l'imagerie séismique semble moins affectée. L'étude de dépôts fluviaux deltaïques au niveau du bassin de la mer du Nord sert de base au développement de règles de corrélations intégrant des informations issues de l'imagerie séismique. Ces nouvelles règles de corrélations permettent de mieux contraindre le problème de corrélations stratigraphique lorsque les sédiments enregistrés au niveau des puits montrent une forte cyclicité. La magnétostratigraphie est une autre source d'information permettant d'étudier l'histoire du remplissage et de la déformation de bassins sédimentaires. Le développement de règles dédiées à cette discipline, et l'utilisation de celles-ci sur des séries sédimentaires himalayennes, permet d'appréhender les incertitudes sur l'âge des sédiments ainsi que sur les paléo-taux d'accumulation de sédiment

Stochastic stratigraphic well correlation

La corrélation entre les différents puits disponibles des unités stratigraphiques identifiées correspond à l'une des premières étapes de la construction d'un modèle de sous-sol. Les horizons stratigraphiques construits définissent, de part leur géométrie et leur topologie, l'architecture stratigraphique du sous-sol guidant simulations géostatistiques des propriétés réservoirs et des faciès. Cependant, la faible qualité et/ou quantité des données disponibles ainsi que la complexité de la mise en oeuvre des concepts sédimentologiques utilisés pour construire un modèle de corrélation rendent cette étape incertaine. Afin de gérer et d'échantillonner ces incertitudes, une méthode stochastique de corrélation stratigraphique est proposée. Cette méthode se base sur le développement de règles de corrélation, assises sur des concepts sédimentologiques ainsi que sur les connaissances a priori de la zone étudiée. Cette méthodologie est appliquée à la corrélation de séquences stratigraphiques de la de marge carbonatée, d'âge Crétacé Supérieur, du bassin Sud-Provençale. Dans cette optique, deux règles de corrélations, basées sur la cohérence des paléoangles et sur une représentation de la paléotopographie construite a priori sont définies. L'étude de la répartition des faciès dans les différents modèles de corrélations générés indique que les incertitudes sur les corrélations stratigraphiques conduisent à envisager plusieurs scenarios de compartimentation de réservoir. Une étude liant corrélations stratigraphiques, simulations d'écoulement et géophysique est menée sur le champ de gaz de Malampaya. Dans ce cas, des unités diagénétiques sont corrélées afin de construire différents modèles statiques et dynamiques de ce réservoir. Cette étude permet de montrer un fort contrôle stratigraphique sur la répartition de l'écoulement alors que l'imagerie séismique semble moins affectée. L'étude de dépôts fluviaux deltaïques au niveau du bassin de la mer du Nord sert de base au développement de règles de corrélations intégrant des informations issues de l'imagerie séismique. Ces nouvelles règles de corrélations permettent de mieux contraindre le problème de corrélations stratigraphique lorsque les sédiments enregistrés au niveau des puits montrent une forte cyclicité. La magnétostratigraphie est une autre source d'information permettant d'étudier l'histoire du remplissage et de la déformation de bassins sédimentaires. Le développement de règles dédiées à cette discipline, et l'utilisation de celles-ci sur des séries sédimentaires himalayennes, permet d'appréhender les incertitudes sur l'âge des sédiments ainsi que sur les paléo-taux d'accumulation de sédimentsStratigraphic correlation consists in linking boundaries of correlative units between wells or outcrops over a given study area, and is therefore one of the first steps of the characterization of the subsurface geometry, supporting geostatistical modeling of static reservoir properties. However, this early step is subject to uncertainties, since stratigraphic well correlation is constrained only by sparse observations (wells and outcrops), low resolution information coming from geophysics, regional knowledge and geological concepts. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm serves as a base for the development of a generic method stochastically performing stratigraphic correlation between units identified on available wells. The proposed method relies on the definition of correlation rules that are applied using the available data and some regional knowledge, according to the way stratigraphic units are defined. An application to the Cretaceous southern Provence carbonate basin has been performed using correlation rules based on paleo-angles and the theoretical architecture of the depositional environment. The computation of vertical proportions of facies on numerous models generated from the stochastic correlations of sequence stratigraphic units indicates that the uncertainties on the stratigraphic correlation impact the compartmentalization of the modeled reservoirs. The impact of stratigraphic correlation uncertainties on fluid flow behavior is assessed through the example of the Malampaya diagenetic carbonate reservoir. Diagenetic units are correlated on the basis of their wireline log signature and diagenetic types. Different models are generated from the stochastic well correlations, and the corresponding water saturation profiles are computed. They show different displacement patterns, indicating a stratigraphic control of the dynamic property, which contrasts with the synthetic seismic model constructed from the corresponding geomodel. Magnetostratigraphic correlation is another way to study sedimentary basin deposition and deformation history. Adapting the DTW algorithm to magnetostratigraphic data, we generate dating models of Himalayan deposits, for which conflicting interpretations are proposed in the literature. This allows managing the associated accumulation rates uncertaintie

Accounting for Seismic Trends in Stochastic Well Correlation

International audienceStratigraphic well correlation is a critical step of basin and reservoir analysis and modeling workflows. In this paper, we propose an automatic stratigraphic well correlation method which is based on both borehole data and interwell information extracted from poststack seismic data to constrain stratigraphic well correlation. The presented stratigraphic well correlation method uses the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. Global correlations are built by combining elementary correlation costs between stratigraphic units or markers identified along studying wells. Whereas various rules can be used to compute the correlation likelihood between well sections, a significant challenge is to compute the cost for an unconformity to occur. Therefore, we use first-order trends extracted from seismic data: a rule based on a 3D scalar field whose gradient is orthogonal to horizons; and a rule based on a seismic attribute which highlights the convergence of seismic reflectors

Using a Forward Model as Training Model for 3D Stochastic Multi-well Correlation

International audienceConditioning a forward stratigraphic model to seismic or well data is still a challenge. So, such model cannot usually be used to run static or dynamic reservoir studies. In common methodologies, training images are built from FSM and used with Multiple Point Statistics methods to integrate the information in static geocellular models. Similarly, we present a method that uses a FSM as training model to generate 3D stratigraphic correlations of a set of units identified along wells. The wells are correlated iteratively, each new well being correlated to the result of the previous correlation. This ensures to take the 3D disposition of the wells into account. When the probability of association of the units is computed, we use the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm to build a consistent stratigraphic correlation. First results on synthetic data are presented, using a forward model built with the Sedsim algorithm and three wells

Stochastic Fault Network Simulation With Variable Connectivity: Application to a Compartmentalized Reservoir Affected by Large Structural Uncertainties

International audienceSeveral oil and gas domains raise 3D seismic imaging challenges or are only imaged with 2D seismic lines. In both cases the shape and the connectivity of faults is subject to uncertainties which may be consequential for the determination of migration paths, trap geometry and reservoir compartmentalization. Stochastic fault network simulation aims at generating a set of 3D structural models honoring prior structural concepts and conditioned by interpretations made from wells and seismic data. This set of models aims at sampling the uncertainty space related to the fault network geometry and connectivity (topology is variable from one realization to the next and emerges from the simulation process). We apply this stochastic approach to a highly-uncertain and complex fault network at reservoir scale. The used dataset is composed of several wells and 3D seismic data that poorly image the reservoir. We show how the tectonic history and the structural style can be conveyed to a stochastic fault modeling system in order to ensure the simulation of consistent 3D fault networks. We also discuss the strategy to generate suitable spatial interpretations from 3D seismic data. We then use statistical analyzes to evaluate the uncertainty about the number of faults and the number of compartments in the reservoir

Corrélation stratigraphique stochastique de puits

La corrélation entre les différents puits disponibles des unités stratigraphiques identifiées correspond à l'une des premières étapes de la construction d'un modèle de sous-sol. Les horizons stratigraphiques construits définissent, de part leur géométrie et leur topologie, l'architecture stratigraphique du sous-sol guidant simulations géostatistiques des propriétés réservoirs et des faciès. Cependant, la faible qualité et/ou quantité des données disponibles ainsi que la complexité de la mise en oeuvre des concepts sédimentologiques utilisés pour construire un modèle de corrélation rendent cette étape incertaine. Afin de gérer et d'échantillonner ces incertitudes, une méthode stochastique de corrélation stratigraphique est proposée. Cette méthode se base sur le développement de règles de corrélation, assises sur des concepts sédimentologiques ainsi que sur les connaissances a priori de la zone étudiée. Cette méthodologie est appliquée à la corrélation de séquences stratigraphiques de la de marge carbonatée, d'âge Crétacé Supérieur, du bassin Sud-Provençale. Dans cette optique, deux règles de corrélations, basées sur la cohérence des paléoangles et sur une représentation de la paléotopographie construite a priori sont définies. L'étude de la répartition des faciès dans les différents modèles de corrélations générés indique que les incertitudes sur les corrélations stratigraphiques conduisent à envisager plusieurs scenarios de compartimentation de réservoir. Une étude liant corrélations stratigraphiques, simulations d'écoulement et géophysique est menée sur le champ de gaz de Malampaya. Dans ce cas, des unités diagénétiques sont corrélées afin de construire différents modèles statiques et dynamiques de ce réservoir. Cette étude permet de montrer un fort contrôle stratigraphique sur la répartition de l'écoulement alors que l'imagerie séismique semble moins affectée. L'étude de dépôts fluviaux deltaïques au niveau du bassin de la mer du Nord sert de base au développement de règles de corrélations intégrant des informations issues de l'imagerie séismique. Ces nouvelles règles de corrélations permettent de mieux contraindre le problème de corrélations stratigraphique lorsque les sédiments enregistrés au niveau des puits montrent une forte cyclicité. La magnétostratigraphie est une autre source d'information permettant d'étudier l'histoire du remplissage et de la déformation de bassins sédimentaires. Le développement de règles dédiées à cette discipline, et l'utilisation de celles-ci sur des séries sédimentaires himalayennes, permet d'appréhender les incertitudes sur l'âge des sédiments ainsi que sur les paléo-taux d'accumulation de sédimentsStratigraphic correlation consists in linking boundaries of correlative units between wells or outcrops over a given study area, and is therefore one of the first steps of the characterization of the subsurface geometry, supporting geostatistical modeling of static reservoir properties. However, this early step is subject to uncertainties, since stratigraphic well correlation is constrained only by sparse observations (wells and outcrops), low resolution information coming from geophysics, regional knowledge and geological concepts. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm serves as a base for the development of a generic method stochastically performing stratigraphic correlation between units identified on available wells. The proposed method relies on the definition of correlation rules that are applied using the available data and some regional knowledge, according to the way stratigraphic units are defined. An application to the Cretaceous southern Provence carbonate basin has been performed using correlation rules based on paleo-angles and the theoretical architecture of the depositional environment. The computation of vertical proportions of facies on numerous models generated from the stochastic correlations of sequence stratigraphic units indicates that the uncertainties on the stratigraphic correlation impact the compartmentalization of the modeled reservoirs. The impact of stratigraphic correlation uncertainties on fluid flow behavior is assessed through the example of the Malampaya diagenetic carbonate reservoir. Diagenetic units are correlated on the basis of their wireline log signature and diagenetic types. Different models are generated from the stochastic well correlations, and the corresponding water saturation profiles are computed. They show different displacement patterns, indicating a stratigraphic control of the dynamic property, which contrasts with the synthetic seismic model constructed from the corresponding geomodel. Magnetostratigraphic correlation is another way to study sedimentary basin deposition and deformation history. Adapting the DTW algorithm to magnetostratigraphic data, we generate dating models of Himalayan deposits, for which conflicting interpretations are proposed in the literature. This allows managing the associated accumulation rates uncertaintiesMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Uncertainty management in stratigraphic well correlation and stratigraphic architectures: A training-based method

International audienceWe discuss the sampling and the volumetric impact of stratigraphic correlation uncertainties in basins and reservoirs. From an input set of wells, we evaluate the probability for two stratigraphic units to be associated using an analog stratigraphic model. In the presence of multiple wells, this method sequentially updates a stratigraphic column defining the stratigraphic layering for each possible set of realizations. The resulting correlations are then used to create stratigraphic grids in three dimensions. We apply this method on a set of synthetic wells sampling a forward stratigraphic model built with Dionisos. To perform cross-validation of the method, we introduce a distance comparing the relative geological time of two models for each geographic position, and we compare the models in terms of volumes. Results show the ability of the method to automatically generate stratigraphic correlation scenarios, and also highlight some challenges when sampling stratigraphic uncertainties from multiple wells

3D Stochastic Stratigraphic Well Correlation of Carbonate Ramp Systems

International audience1) Introduction In the static and dynamic workflow of carbonate reservoirs, stratigraphic correlation of well data is one of the first and most influent steps. Indeed, facies distribution and petrophysical properties mainly control flow simulation and are often computed thanks to geostatistical methods, on grids based on stratigraphic correlation and structural data interpreted from seismic data (Borgomano [2008]). In reservoir uncertainty modeling approaches, a unique grid is built, and uncertainties about layering geometry, facies distribution and petrophysical properties are handled using multiple geostatistical simulations (Charles et al, 2001). This article aims at assessing uncertainties due to stratigraphic correlations by also generating several set of possible stratigraphic well correlations. Several grids may then be built from these results and used for facies and property modeling. The method presented here generates automatically and stochastically sequence stratigraphic correlations of carbonate ramp systems by hierarchically integrating multiple pieces of 3D information as: interpreted well data,correlation lines extracted from seismic, andinformation obtained on analogs. 2) 3D Stochastic Stratigraphic Well Correlation method To perform the correlation, we propose a multi-dimensional and stochastic extension of the Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm (DTW, Myers et al., 1981) that we call msDTW. The DTW algorithm provides a way to find the optimal alignment between two time series [Myer et al., 1981]. This algorithm was used for the correlation of two wells by Smith and Waterman [1980], Howell [1983], Waterman and Raymond [1987], Griffiths and Bake [1990], Brown [1997] for example. Lallier et al. [2009] presented an improvement of the DTW, making the method stochastic and introducing a hierarchy to mimic the reasoning made by sedimentologists when correlating well data (Fig. 1), and applied this method to a carbonate ramp system

Assessing Uncertainty in Stratigraphic Correlation: A Stochastic Method Based on Dynamic Time Warping

International audienceWe propose a method to manage uncertainties about the layering of 3D reservoir models, using stochastic correlations of sedimentary units identified along wells, according to the sequence stratigraphy paradigm. A stratigraphic model represents the architecture of the stratigraphic succession of an area. Sequence stratigraphy is a common paradigm in reservoir studies to interpret and correlate local high resolution observations (outcrops, well logs and core samples) and more exhaustive but lower resolution data such as 3D seismic. The incompleteness of these data, their quantity and their varying quality, added to the fact that the processes that control the geometry and the conformability of the sequences are complex and poorly known, lead to uncertainties. The proposed method aims at building stratigraphic models honoring 1D interpretations along wells together with conceptual sequence stratigraphic rules formulated quantitatively as correlation costs. The algorithm chosen is a modified version of the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm. More than finding the best correlation using a set of rules, it handles different orders of sequences, takes in account the conformability of the horizons, and its output is a set of different possible correlations, allowing for generating alternative stratigraphic layerings. This methodology is demonstrated on the Teapot Reservoir, Wyoming

Uncertainty assessment in the stratigraphic well correlation of a carbonate ramp: Method and application to the Beausset Basin, SE France

International audienceWe assess stratigraphic correlation uncertainties by stochastically generating several possible correlations lines between a set of stratigraphic logs. We motivate the use of automatic correlation methods to sample this uncertainty and introduce a stochastic version of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) that correlates two logs. This method is extended to a larger number of logs using a sequential application of DTW. When available, low-frequency stratigraphic events are correlated first, and then used to constrain the correlation of higher-order events. All DTW variants use elementary correlation costs corresponding to the likelihood of each possible horizon. The method is demonstrated on a carbonate ramp of the Cretaceous southern Provence Basin, SE France, using costs that measure the consistency between the computed platform slope angle and a theoretical depositional profile. We show that these correlation uncertainties significantly impact facies proportions in stratigraphic layers. (C) 2015 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS