L' « approche terroir » : pour une démarche de recherche-formation-action

International audienceThe "Terroir approach": for research-trainingaction method. The sharing of knowledge between researchers and practitioners, and the training of local development actors, are important issues for the valuation of territorial resources and rural development. The concept of terroir, which is very traditional in France, but is also now extending internationally, in connection with the establishment of protected geographical indications, has undergone a didactic analysis, to study the role it could have on training projects. The current educational research demonstrates that, beyond the understanding of the concept of terroir, the value of using the concept resides in the establishment of a researchdevelopment training , called "terroir approach

L'« APPROCHE TERROIR » : POUR UNE DEMARCHE DE RECHERCHE-FORMATION-ACTION

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe "terroir approach": for research-training-action method. — The sharing of knowledge between researchers and practitioners, and the training of local development actors, are important issues for the valuation of territorial resources and rural development. The concept of terroir, which is very traditional in France, but is also now extending internationally, in connection with the establishment of protected geographical indications, has undergone a didactic analysis, to study the role it could have on training projects. The current educational research demonstrates that, beyond the understanding of the concept of terroir, the value of using the concept resides in the establishment of a research-development training , called "terroir approach

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography of White Matter Tracts in the Equine Brain

International audienc

High AHR expression in breast tumors correlates with expression of genes from several signaling pathways namely inflammation and endogenous tryptophan metabolism.

Increasing epidemiological and animal experimental data provide substantial support for the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in mammary tumorigenesis. The effects of AhR have been clearly demonstrated in rodent models of breast carcinogenesis and in several established human breast cancer cell lines following exposure to AhR ligands or AhR overexpression. However, relatively little is known about the role of AhR in human breast cancers. AhR has always been considered to be a regulator of toxic and carcinogenic responses to environmental contaminants such as TCDD (dioxin) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The aim of this study was to identify the type of breast tumors (ERα-positive or ERα-negative) that express AHR and how AhR affects human tumorigenesis. The levels of AHR, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and AHR repressor (AHRR) mRNA expression were analyzed in a cohort of 439 breast tumors, demonstrating a weak association between high AHR expression and age greater than fifty years and ERα-negative status, and HR-/ERBB2 breast cancer subtypes. AHRR mRNA expression was associated with metastasis-free survival, while AHR mRNA expression was not. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of AhR protein in both tumor cells (nucleus and/or cytoplasm) and the tumor microenvironment (including endothelial cells and lymphocytes). High AHR expression was correlated with high expression of several genes involved in signaling pathways related to inflammation (IL1B, IL6, TNF, IL8 and CXCR4), metabolism (IDO1 and TDO2 from the kynurenine pathway), invasion (MMP1, MMP2 and PLAU), and IGF signaling (IGF2R, IGF1R and TGFB1). Two well-known ligands for AHR (TCDD and BaP) induced mRNA expression of IL1B and IL6 in an ERα-negative breast tumor cell line. The breast cancer ER status likely influences AhR activity involved in these signaling pathways. The mechanisms involved in AhR activation and target gene expression in breast cancers are also discussed

Systèmes d’information et observatoires

Contact: Jean Christophe Desconnets, [email protected] & Thérèse Libourel, [email protected] audienc

Relationship between <i>AHR</i> mRNA expression and classical clinical and pathological parameters in a series of 439 breast cancers.

<p>Relationship between <i>AHR</i> mRNA expression and classical clinical and pathological parameters in a series of 439 breast cancers.</p

mRNA expression levels of <i>AHR</i>, <i>AHRR</i> and <i>ARNT</i>, and of genes involved in inflammation, in MDA-MB-436 breast cancer cell line treated with two different <i>AHR</i> ligands.

<p>MDA-MB-436 cells were cultivated in absence (CTL) or in presence of TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) (10^-9M) or BaP (benzo[a]pyrene) (10^-6M) for 16 h. Cells were then lysed and mRNA extracted. mRNA expression levels of <i>AHR</i>, <i>AHRR</i> and <i>ARNT</i> (A), and of <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>IL8</i> and <i>CXCR4</i> (B) were determined by qRT-PCR. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Results were expressed as mean +/- s.e.m and normalized so that the mean of the control cells was 1. Three levels of statistical significance are distinguished: *p-value<0.05; **p-value<0.01; ***p-value<0.001.</p

Relationship between <i>AHRR</i> mRNA expression and classical clinical and pathological parameters in a cohort of 439 breast cancers.

<p>Relationship between <i>AHRR</i> mRNA expression and classical clinical and pathological parameters in a cohort of 439 breast cancers.</p

Immunocytochemical staining for AhR and CD4 in breast tumors.

<p><b>a-b</b>, moderate AhR-expressing tumor cells. Note positive AhR staining in the intratumoral stroma. <b>c-d</b>, immunostaining for AhR (c) or CD4 (d) in the same tumor sample. Immunostaining for both AhR and CD4 is observed in stromal cells in the intratumoral compartment. T, tumor cells; S, intratumoral stroma. Original Magnification, x 20.</p

Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients in relation to metastasis-free survival (MFS).

<p>Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients in relation to metastasis-free survival (MFS).</p