parathyroid gland of Rana cyanophlyctis during development

No estágio inicial, objeto deste estudo, a glândula paratiróide de Rana cyanophlyctis é uma pequena bola sólida de células epiteliais. Durante a prometamorfose a glândula aumenta de tamanho por proliferação celular. No clímax da metamorfose a glândula parece ser ativa, como é evidenciado pela presença de núcleos hipercromáticos e núcleos picnóticos

Geographic Information (GI) Product Marketing through Advertisements: An Application of Content Analysis

Marketing, particularly for new products, heavily depends on advertising. Advertising creates awareness among the potential buyers of the product and also poses the product as a need even if it is a want in reality. This study analyzed contents of 1749 marketing messages of Geographic Information (GI) product advertisements over the period of two decades (1989 to 2008). A tailored methodology was developed based on the approach of Resnick and Stern (1977). The contents analyzed include changing pattern of marketing message in the area of picture and text ratio, relevancy of headline message, sub-headline message and picture to the advertised products, image colour depth, and message media.  The use of picture dominated the text in the second half of the study period. A majority of the headline messages were of a direct product descriptive nature while the use of indirect product descriptive type gained momentum lately. The use of sub-headline message was found to be comparatively low. Pictorial elements/images of the products were mirrored in a majority of the marketing messages. Photorealistic image dominated the message having the combination of both image and text. The study also revealed that marketing messages of GIS software products were dominant in the first half while it was GPS/survey product in the second half. No significant relationship was found between various elements of the GI product marketing messages. Based on the above findings, the likely future trends of GI product marketing messages were predicted. Keywords: GI products; Marketing Message; Content Analysis; Advertisement; Print medi

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF NORFLOXACIN BY HYDROTROPY TECHNIQUE

The objective of this study is to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble anti-bacterial drug Norfloxacin by hydrotropic solubilization technique. For the present study sodium benzoate was used as hydrotropic agent. By using this hydrotropic agent as water soluble carrier, hydrotropic solid dispersions of Norfloxacin were prepared.in 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 ratios (drug: hydrotropic agent). Equilibrium solubilization of pure drug and hydrotropic solid dispersions of Norfloxacin in distilled water by excess solute method and solubility enhancement ratios were calculated by measuring the absorbance of the solutions at 274.80 nm using UV spectrophotometer. The hydrotropic agent did not interfere in analysis. The results showed that there was an increase in the solubility of Norfloxacin with hydrotropic solid dispersions compared to pure drug in distilled water. There was 9.56 fold enhancement in aqueous solubility of Norfloxacin with hydrotropic solid dispersion of 1:4 ratio compared to 1:1 (6.29), 1:2 (7.09) and 1:3 (8.59) ratios

Green Cloud Technologies for SAP-driven Enterprises

Green Cloud Technologies are rapidly transforming the landscape of enterprise IT solutions, particularly for SAP-driven businesses. As organizations increasingly turn to cloud computing for its scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, the environmental impact of traditional data centers has raised significant concerns. Green Cloud Technologies aim to address these concerns by leveraging sustainable practices, renewable energy sources, and energy-efficient infrastructures in cloud data centers. For SAP-driven enterprises, which rely on complex, resource-intensive business processes, adopting green cloud solutions offers a dual benefit: reducing operational costs while supporting corporate sustainability goals. This paper explores the role of Green Cloud Technologies in SAP environments, highlighting the integration of energy-efficient systems, eco-friendly hardware, and sustainable cloud services. It also examines best practices for SAP-driven enterprises to optimize resource usage, minimize carbon footprints, and align with global environmental standards. By adopting Green Cloud solutions, businesses not only contribute to environmental conservation but also enhance their competitiveness by aligning with increasingly stringent regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations for sustainability. &nbsp

Enhanced Water Treatment using Sustainable nanomaterial- based Adsorbents

This research examines the effectiveness of nanomaterial-based adsorbents in improving water treatment. It specifically looks at their ability to adsorb contaminants, their efficiency in removing pollutants, the speed at which they work, and their ability to be regenerated. Four distinct nanomaterials, labeled as Nanomaterials A, B, C, and D, were produced and analyzed to assess their effectiveness in eliminating contaminants from liquid solutions. The results showed that Nanomaterial D displayed the maximum adsorption capacity, measuring 142 mg/g, which indicates its exceptional capability to adsorb contaminants. In addition, Nanomaterial C had the best removal efficiency of 97.5%, highlighting its efficacy in decreasing pollutant concentrations in water. The analysis of kinetic characteristics revealed that Nanomaterial C had the greatest pseudo-second-order rate constant, indicating fast adsorption kinetics and robust surface contacts. In addition, Nanomaterial C had the greatest regeneration efficiency of 85%, suggesting its suitability for sustainable water treatment purposes. The results emphasize the impressive effectiveness of adsorbents made from nanomaterials in tackling water quality issues and advancing environmental sustainability. Nanomaterial-based adsorbents may have a significant impact on securing clean and secure water supplies for current and future generations by improving synthesis processes, comprehending adsorption mechanisms, and evaluating regeneration features. Additional study is required to investigate other parameters that affect the performance of adsorbents and to assess their long-term stability and cost- effectiveness for practical use in water treatment systems

Analysis of Evaluation Parameters of the In-house and Marketed Samples of Rasayana Churna

Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems constitute Indian traditional medicine. For these drugs, analysis of evaluation parameters is very important to ensure safety, quality, purity, stability and efficacy. The herbal drugs should also follow the protocol for standardisation as done for non-herbal formulations. The present paper involves an Ayurvedic formulation rasayana churna. Churna is a fine powder of the drug or drugs in Ayurveda system of medicine. It comprises of the dried powders of three rejuvenating drugs viz dried stem of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Miers.), dried fruit of Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) and dried pericarp of Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.). All these plants are used in rasayana therapy. Rasayana therapy is an important concept under Ayurveda. Rasayana Churna plays a very important role as an immunomodulator, rejuvenator, adaptogen, antioxidant and diuretic. Other important roles of rasayana churna involve elimination of toxins through urinary system and lowering the risk in kidney and cardiac disorders. The present study aims at analysis of the evaluation parameters of the in-house and marketed samples of rasayana churna such as morphological, microscopical, phytochemical, physicochemical, spectroscopical and biological evaluation parameters. The need of standardisation is evident because variations are obtained in the results. The highest berberine content is found in MRC (1.19 μg/ml). The highest phenolic content is found in MRC (64.29±2.91 mg GAE/g) and highest flavonoid content is found in MRC (18.99±0.40 mg QUE/g). Samples also showed good antioxidant activity and antiurolithiatic activity

Combined novice, near-peer, e-mentoring palliative medicine program: A mixed method study in Singapore

INTRODUCTION:An acute shortage of senior mentors saw the Palliative Medicine Initiative (PMI) combine its novice mentoring program with electronic and peer mentoring to overcome insufficient mentoring support of medical students and junior doctors by senior clinicians. A three-phased evaluation was carried out to evaluate mentees' experiences within the new CNEP mentoring program. METHODS:Phase 1 saw use of a Delphi process to create a content-valid questionnaire from data drawn from 9 systematic reviews of key aspects of novice mentoring. In Phase 2 Cognitive Interviews were used to evaluate the tool. The tool was then piloted amongst mentees in the CNEP program. Phase 3 compared mentee's experiences in the CNEP program with those from the PMI's novice mentoring program. RESULTS:Thematic analysis of open-ended responses revealed three themes-the CNEP mentoring process, its benefits and challenges that expound on the descriptive statistical analysis of specific close-ended and Likert scale responses of the survey. The results show mentee experiences in the PMI's novice mentoring program and the CNEP program to be similar and that the addition of near peer and e-mentoring processes enhance communications and support of mentees. CONCLUSION:CNEP mentoring is an evolved form of novice mentoring built on a consistent mentoring approach supported by an effective host organization. The host organization marshals assessment, support and oversight of the program and allows flexibility within the approach to meet the particular needs of mentees, mentors and senior mentors. Whilst near-peer mentors and e-mentoring can make up for the lack of senior mentor availability, their effectiveness hinges upon a common mentoring approach. To better support the CNEP program deeper understanding of the mentoring dynamics, policing and mentor and mentee training processes are required. The CNEP mentoring tool too needs to be validated