Comparison of pure palm olein oil, hydrogenated oil-containing palm, and canola on serum lipids and lipid oxidation rate in rats fed with these oils

Due to increased consumption of canola oil and hydrogenated oil containing palm and palm olein, and their possible effects on serum lipoproteins, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of these oils on lipids and lipid oxidation level. Methods: In this experimental study, 88 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Control group (A) was on a normal diet. Groups B, C, and D, in addition to normal diet, were fed with hydrogenated oil-contained palm oil, pure palm olein oil, and canola oil, respectively for 4 weeks. Serum Biochemical factors [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio, oxLDL, paraoxanase-1 (PON1), and malondialdehyde (MDA)] were measured. Results: The lowest mean serum TC was seen in the control group and the highest in the group B. There were differences in TC, TG, HDL, MDA, and PON1 between the control group and other groups (P0.05). MDA was higher in groups C and D. Conclusion: Canola oil, hydrogenated oil-containing palm and palm olein may increase atherosclerosis risk through decreasing PON1 activity and elevating oxLDL. Palm olein oils in rats' diets cause a considerable decrease in LDL and help to increase HDL

Efficacy of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion on Left Ventricular Performance in Type II Diabetic Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.Dy

BACKGROUND: Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) may improve cardiovascular performance after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Our study investigated whether an infusion of GIK during elective CABG surgery in type II diabetic patient improved left ventricular performance.    METHODS: We measured left ventricular ejection fraction and troponin (Tn), a myofibrillar structural protein. In this research, after ethics committee approval, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled into a randomized simple sampling, prospective, double-blind clinical trial study. In the case group, 500 cc dextrose water 5% plus 80 IU regular insulin and 40 mEq KCL were infused at the rate of 30 cc/hr. Patients in control group received 5% dextrose solution at the rate of 30cc/hr. Venous blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia, after removal of the aortic clamp and before discharging from hospital. The Mann-Whitney-test was used to test for differences in Tn concentration between the groups. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine whether there was a difference in the proportion of patients with a low ejection fraction (<45%) in the case group compared with that in the control group. Changes in potassium and glucose concentrations over time within the groups were examined by ANOVA and paired t-tests. P<0.05 was regarded as significant level for all tests.    RESULTS: In this study, 50 patients with type 2 DM were evaluated in case and control groups. The mean age ± SD in the case group was 57.7 ±9.9 years and in the other group was 61.2 ± 8.4 years. The groups were well-matched for age, sex and number of bypass grafts. Randomization did not give an equal distribution of male and female patients. There wasn’t any significant difference in ejection fraction between the case and control groups before and after CABG (P>0.05). Tn concentration in the case group was 3.3 ± 5.0 and in the control group was 3.9 ± 5.1. There was no significant difference in Tn between the two groups before and after CABG (P>0.05). There was not any significant difference in hospitalization time between the two groups.     CONCLUSION: The results suggested that GIK can’t improve left ventricular performance in routine CABG surgery.      Keywords: Cardiovascular surgery, Glucose-Insulin-Potassium, Cardiac troponin

Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95$7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95$43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1·8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and$37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11–21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained

Etude rétrospective monocentrique de deux séries homogènes de traitements chirurgicaux des prolapsus génito-urinaires (analyse des échecs et récidives à propos d'une série de 349 cas)

NICE-BU Médecine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

A Scoping Review of Possible Solutions for Decreasing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: As socioeconomic inequalities are key factors in access and utilization of type 2 diabetes (T2D) services, the purpose of this scoping review was to identify solutions for decreasing socioeconomic inequalities in T2D. Methods: A scoping review of scientific articles from 2000 and later was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest databases. Using the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping review, articles were extracted, meticulously read, and thematically analyzed. Results: A total of 7204 articles were identified from the reviewed databases. After removing duplicate and nonrelevant articles, 117 articles were finally included and analyzed. A number of solutions and passways were extracted from the final articles. Solutions for decreasing socioeconomic inequalities in T2D were categorized into 12 main solutions and 63 passways. Conclusions: Applying identified solutions in diabetes policies and interventions would be recommended for decreasing socioeconomic inequalities in T2D. Also, the passways could be addressed as entry points to help better implementation of diabetic policies

Factor Effecting the Success of Consulting Firms, Technical and Agricultural Engineering in Isfahan Province.

Agriculture engineering and technical consulting services were initially established in 2008 by the establishment of a network of NGOs in order to reduce the problems of the agricultural sector in line with privatization and downsizing of the government. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors that affect the success of technical and agricultural engineering consulting firms in the Isfahan province (2012). The statistical population of this research consisted of members of the boards of directors and the managing directors of such firms in the Isfahan province. The study sample consisted of 130 subjects from the members of boards of directors and the managing directors were who selected by using  Cochran formula. The field data required was been collected through questionnaires and interviews. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by the use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and it was calculated to be 0.83. The results of research showed that the success rate of technical and agricultural engineering consulting firms was evaluated to be 53.2% at the medium. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that about 40% of the success rate factors for of technical and agricultural engineering consulting firms based on the Beta index could be attributed to passing training courses in management procedures (0.382), giving financial rewards to members for optimal performance (0.278), number of contracts with other public and private organizations (0.249) and having entrepreneurship characteristics (0.220)

Comparison of Nutrient Agar Plate Culture and Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Concentration Methods in Diagnosis of Human Trichostrongyliasis

Background & objectives: Trichostrongylus spp. are common parasites of herbivorous animals and trichostrongyliasis is an important zoonotic disease in Iran, especially in northern Iran. Routine laboratory methods for diagnosis of these infections are direct smear and formalin-ethyl acetate techniques. There is no enough evidence about the sensitivity of nutrient agar plate culture for detection of Trichostrongylus spp infections. The objective of this study was to compare the nutrient agar plate culture and the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation techniques for laboratory diagnosis of human trichostrongyliasis in an endemic area of northern Iran. Methods: A total of 1553 fresh stool samples were collected from residents of 31 villages within the Fouman district in Guilan province during 2015–2016. All samples were examined using nutrient agar plate culture and formalin- ethyl acetate concentration techniques for detection of Trichostrongylus spp. infections. Results: Overall, 71 cases were diagnosed with Trichostrongylus spp. by at least one of the methods. Considering parasitological results as the diagnostic gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of nutrient agar plate culture were 90.1% and 100%, respectively. Also, the sensitivity and specificity of the formalin ethyl acetate concentration method were 95.8% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the formalin ethyl acetate method is more sensitive than nutrient agar plate culture in the diagnosis of human trichostrongyliasis, especially in humid climate regions such as North of Iran

Application of microsatellite DNA method in determining genetic diversity of farmed broodstocks of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in hatchery centers of Bushehr province

The aim of this study was to detect different populations of Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei: Boone, 1931) in farmed broodstocks and to determine their genetics indeces in hatchery centers of Bushehr province. First, the origin of the farmed broodstocks was determined based on the historical information of the different stocks. Then, DNA was extracted from muscle tissue of 30 broodstocks from 11 different stocks using a commercial kit. The repeated sequences were amplified using 10 specific primers by PCR in Iranian Shrimp Center. The results showed that the number of alleles was in range of 4.5-5.5 in studied stocks. The most allele frequency was observed in the farmed broadstocks of the third stock in H2 hatchery center, 5.2±0/359. Also, the average of observed heterozygosity in the farmed broadstocks of the second stock in H5 hatchery center obtained 0.669±0.152 that was more than other stocks among all centers. The results of the present study showed that genetics indeces of of third stock in H2 hatchery center were increased compared to other stocks in Bucher province. The inbreeding coefficients of the first stocks in H1 (0.595±0.105) and H3 (0.547±0.145) hatchery centers were significantly higher than other stocks. The inbreeding coefficient increase in farmed broadstocks in these stocks could be related to the small size of founder population and the bias selection programs. However, according to the information from other hatchery centers in Bushehr province and other countries, this amount is acceptable. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that to increase the genetic indicators in the centers, breeders with higher diversity should be used

Organoid technology : current standing and future perspectives

Organoids are powerful systems to facilitate the study of individuals’ disorders and personalized treatments. Likewise, emerging this technology has improved the chance of translatability of drugs for pre-clinical therapies and mimicking the complexity of organs, while it proposes numerous approaches for human disease modeling, tissue engineering, drug development, diagnosis, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the past/present organoid technology and summarize its faithful applications, then, we discuss the challenges and limitations encountered by 3D organoids. In the end, we offer the human organoids as basic mechanistic infrastructure for “human modelling” systems to prescribe personalized medicines