Hubungan Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dengan Kinerja Perangkat Pemerintah Desa Mamuya Kecamatan Galela Induk Kabupaten Halmahera Utara

ABSTRACK : The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the leadership of the village head and village government performance in the village of Galela District Parent Mamuya North Halmahera. The study was designed as a descriptive exploratory study. The respondents were 35 comprises: the village head and village, administrators BPD, LPM board, PKK, and community leaders / religious / customary in the village Mamuya. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire in the form of structured questionnaire.Data were collected for testing hypotheses are primary data sourced directly from responden.Teknik analysis used for hypothesis testing is statistical analysis chi-square and contingency coefficient. The results of chi-square analysis and contingency coefficient to the conclusion that although the leadership of the village head significantly associated with the performance of village government. This means that the leadership of the village head related to the performance of village government; the better the leadership of the village head, the better the performance of village government.Based on the results of these studies suggested that the leadership of the Village Head Mamuya improved quality, both in performing its duties and responsibilities in the village as well as decision-making, coordinating tasks and work of the village, establish effective communication with the village, as well as oversee or supervise the implementation of the tasks of the village

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Harga Saham Dengan CSR Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

This study analyzes the effect of financial performance and firm value on stock price performance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as a moderating variable. This research is important because before investing investors will do the valuation in advance, this is in line with the theory of valuation which states that the valuation is done on assets invested, where the assets invested can be in the form of real assets and financial assets (Manurung, 2011). Financial assets in this case are stocks. Assessment of stock price movements in a stock exchange is influenced by several factors, both internal and external factors (Lako, 2004). The main focus in this research is on internal factors of company especially financial performance (QR, DAR, ROA, and TATO), and firm value (PBV). Stock price performance is proxied with stock return and CSR performance is proxied with CSR cost ratio. By using sample of manufacturing company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2010-2015, this research obtained result indicate that (1) TATO and ROA have a significant positive effect to stock return, (2) DAR and QR have positive and not significant On stock returns, (3) the value of companies proxied by PBV has a negative and insignificant effect on stock returns. While the influence of CSR performance as a moderating variable can only moderate the TATO relationship to stock returns. Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kinerja keuangan dan nilai perusahaan terhadap kinerja harga saham dengan kinerja corporate social responsibility (CSR) sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena sebelum berinvestasi investor akan melakukan valuasi terlebih dahulu,hal ini sejalan dengan teori valuasi yang menyatakan bahwa valuasi dilakukan atas asset yang diinvestasikan, dimana aset yang diinvestasikan bisa berupa aset riil dan aset finansial (Manurung,2011). Aset finansial dalam hal ini adalah saham.Penilaian pergerakan harga saham di suatu bursa efek dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, baik faktor internal maupun eksternal (Lako, 2004). Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah pada faktor internal perusahaan khususnya kinerja keuangan (QR, DAR, ROA, dan TATO), dan nilai perusahaan (PBV). Kinerja harga saham diproksikan dengan return saham dan kinerja CSR diproksikan dengan rasio biaya CSR. Dengan menggunakan sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama 2010-2015, penelitian ini memperoleh hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa (1) TATO dan ROA berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap return saham, (2) DAR dan QR berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap return saham, (3) nilai perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan PBV berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap return saham. Sedangkan pengaruh kinerja CSR sebagai variabel pemoderasi hanya mampu memoderasi hubungan TATO terhadap return saha

Cloning, expression and characterization of thermostable YdaP from Bacillus licheniformis 9A

The Bacillus licheniformis ydaP gene encodes for a pyruvate oxidase that catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate and CO2. The YdaP form of this enzyme was purified about 48.6-folds to homogeneity in three steps. The enzyme was recovered in a soluble form and demonstrated significant activity on pyruvate using 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) as an artificial electron acceptor. HPLC analysis of the YdaP-enzyme catalysed conversion of pyruvate showed acetate as the sole product, confirming the putative identity of pyruvate oxidase. Analysis of the substrate specificity showed that the YdaP enzyme demonstrated preference for short chain oxo acids; however, it was activated by 1% Triton X-100. The YdaP substrate-binding pocket from the YdaP protein differed substantially from the equivalent site in all of the so far characterized pyruvate oxidases, suggesting that the B. licheniformis YdaP might accept different substrates. This could allow more accessibility of large substrates into the active site of this enzyme. The thermostability and pH activity of the YdaP enzyme were determined, with optimums at 50ºC and pH 5.8, respectively. The amino acid residues forming the catalytic cavity were identified as Gln460 to Ala480

The Doctor and the Market: About the Influence of Market Reforms on the Professional Medical Ethics of Surgeons and General Practitioners in The Netherlands

To explore whether market reforms in a health care system affect medical professional ethics of hospital-based specialists on the one hand and physicians in independent practices on the other. Qualitative interviews with 27 surgeons and 28 general practitioners in The Netherlands, held 2–3 years after a major overhaul of the Dutch health care system involving several market reforms. Surgeons now regularly advertise their work (while this was forbidden in the past) and pay more attention to patients with relatively minor afflictions, thus deviating from codes of ethics that oblige physicians to treat each other as brothers and to treat patients according to medical need. Dutch GPs have abandoned their traditional reticence and their fear of medicalization. They now seem to treat more in accordance with patients’ preferences and less in accordance with medical need. Market reforms do affect medical professional principles, and it is doubtful whether these changes were intended when Dutch policy makers decided to introduce market elements in the health care system. Policy makers in other countries considering similar reforms should pay attention to these results

The use of quality information by general practitioners: does it alter choices? A randomized clustered study

Background: Following the introduction of elements of managed competition in the Netherlands in 2006, General Practitioners (GPs) and patients were given the role to select treatment hospital using public quality information. In this study we investigate to what extent hospital preferences of GP's are affected by performance indicators on medical effectiveness and patient experiences. We selected three conditions: breast cancer, cataract surgery, and hip and knee replacement. Methods. After an inquiry 26 out of 226 GPs in the region signed up to participate in our study. After a 2:1 randomization, we analyzed the referral patterns in the region using three groups of GPs: GPs (n=17) who used the report cards and received personal clarification, GPs that signed up for the study but were assigned to the control group (n=9), and the GPs outside the study (n=200).We conducted a difference in differences analysis where the choice for a particular hospital was the dependent variable and time (2009 or 2010), the sum score of the CQI, the sum score of the PI's and dummy variables for the individual hospitals were used as independent variables. Results: The analysis of the conditions together and cataract surgery and hip and knee replacement separately, showed no significant relationships between the scores on the report cards and the referral patterns of the GPs. For breast cancer our analysis revealed that GPs in the intervention group refer 1.0% (p=0.01) more to hospitals that score one percent point better on the indicators for medical effectiveness. Conclusion: Our study provides empirical evidence that GP referral patterns were unaffected by the available quality information, except for the outcome indicators for breast cancer care that were presented. This finding was surprising since our study was designed to identify changes in hospital preference (1) amongst the most motivated GP's, (2) that received personal clarification of the performance indicators, and (3) selected indicators/conditions from a large set of indicators that they believed were most important. This finding may differ when quality information is based on outcome indicators with a clinically relevant difference, as shown by our indicators for breast cancer treatment. We believe that the current set of (largely process) hospital quality indicators do not serve the GP's information needs and consequently quality plays little role in the selection of hospitals for treatment. © 2013 Ikkersheim and Koolman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Issues concerning the implementation of the CCS Directive in the Netherlands

In June 2009, the EU Directive on the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide entered into force. The European Member states are obliged to transpose the directive in their national legislations no later than 25 June 2011. The EU legislator has applied a regime of minimum harmonisation when drafting the CCS Directive, amongst others to achieve that an agreement could be reached on the CCS Directive by a majority of Member States. In other words; Member States have considerable discretionary powers while implementing the Directive. The CO2 Storage Directive is mainly transposed into Dutch legislation by means of adaptation of the Dutch Mining Act. There are, however, still some issues in the implementation of this directive that need further clarification. The way these issues are addressed may impact the deployment of large-scale CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in the Netherlands and Europ

Gamma-irradiated human amniotic membrane decellularised with sodium dodecyl sulfate is a more efficient substrate for the ex vivo expansion of limbal stem cells

yesThe gold standard substrate for the ex vivo expansion of human limbal stem cells (LSCs) remains the human amniotic membrane (HAM) but this is not a defined substrate and is subject to biological variabil-ity and the potential to transmit disease. To better define HAM and mitigate the risk of disease transmis-sion, we sought to determine if decellularisation and/or c-irradiation have an adverse effect on culture growth and LSC phenotype. Ex vivo limbal explant cultures were set up on fresh HAM, HAM decellularised with 0.5 M NaOH, and 0.5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without c-irradiation. Explant growth rate was measured and LSC phenotype was characterised by histology, immunostaining and qRT-PCR (ABCG2, DNp63, Ki67, CK12, and CK13). Ƴ-irradiation marginally stiffened HAM, as measured by Brillouin spectromicroscopy. HAM stiffness and c-irradiation did not significantly affect the LSC phe-notype, however LSCs expanded significantly faster on Ƴ-irradiated SDS decellularised HAM (p < 0.05) which was also corroborated by the highest expression of Ki67 and putative LSC marker, ABCG2. Colony forming efficiency assays showed a greater yield and proportion of holoclones in cells cultured on Ƴ-irradiated SDS decellularised HAM. Together our data indicate that SDS decellularised HAM may be a more efficacious substrate for the expansion of LSCs and the use of a c-irradiated HAM allows the user to start the manufacturing process with a sterile substrate, potentially making it safer

21-Hydroxylase Genotyping in Australasian Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Mutations in CYP21 (21-hydroxylase) lead to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). We genotyped 26 probands with CAH by PCR-sequencing the entire CYP21 gene. 25/26 had homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations. The frequencies of mutations were similar to other populations with deletion/hybrid, 12 G splice and 1172N the most common. Five patients with a 1172N allele predicting simple-virilising CAH had a salt-wasting phenotype. Two other probands also had a more severe phenotype than predicted by genotype. Two families had both non-classic and salt-wasting phenotypes arising from combinations of three deleterious alleles. Two novel CYP21 alleles were detected: D106N and a large deletion encompassing CYP21 and adjacent pseudogene. Two rare CYP21 alleles were also found. Three of these four novel/rare alleles were only detected as a result of sequencing the entire CYP21 gene. Entire CYP21 sequencing will increase the number of mutations detected in CAH, and in combination with functional studies should contribute a greater understanding of phenotype-genotype correlations.