Evaluation of ignition mechanisms in selected nonmetallic materials

Test program evaluates thermal and electric ignition mechanisms in selected nonmetallic materials found in spacecraft with concentrated oxygen atmospheres. The phenomena evaluated were spontaneous ignition, ignition of flammable vapor by a spark, and ignition by an arc where the arc produces the combustible vapor and the ignition source

What Will Happen To CLEO In The Wave Of Affirmative Action Litigation

The Students for Fair Admission (“SFFA”) decision has upended how law schools conduct admission, changing the decades-old practices of considering race as one of many factors in the admissions process. Despite the narrow use of race in the admission process, the legal profession is still almost 81% white, suggesting the use of affirmative action has not been a substantial boost to minority enrollment in law school. Despite the low impact, the United States Supreme Court proceeded with a sweeping decision declaring the use of racial checkboxes unconstitutional and limiting the use of race in admissions to evidence of nonracial attributes an applicant might have, such as resilience. This change has forced nearly every institution in the country to reevaluate their admissions processes, and for those who have heavily focused on acquiring a racially diverse class, they are facing big changes. What the Court does not discuss in its opinion is what happens to all of the currently existing programs that help encourage students of color get ready for and enroll in higher education. From programs that help students with test preparation and academic support skills, there are now questions about the constitutionality of these types of programs and institutions’ relationships with them. This Article will explore one longstanding pipeline program, the Council on Legal Education Opportunity (“CLEO”), and how schools’ relationships with that program may change. This Article begins with a brief overview of the history of segregation and the founding of CLEO, it moves to a history of affirmative action litigation, and provides an in-depth analysis of the new SFFA case. Next, this Article will explore how the Dear Colleague letter distributed by the Department of Education and the Department of Justice impacts school action. Finally, the article will explore potential litigation from the perspective of CLEO, Law Schools, and students of color. The SFFA decision will result in many schools proceeding very cautiously with an eye toward potential litigation, with the outcome of the potential litigation being uncertain. In the case of CLEO, the most pressing question is what a court would consider as a proxy for race, and what can CLEO and Law Schools do to maintain their diversity goals while guarding against the appearance of using race in the admissions decision

Who Were You, Miss Billings?

Miss Billings was gray. She had gray hair, gray bushy eyebrows, and gray hairs that sprouted from her chin. She even wore gray rayon dresses, the kind with little tiny flowers on a huge gray background. She was my fourth grade teacher

A Bioarchaeological Comparison of Oral Health at Three Postbellum African American Cemeteries in Coastal and Central Georgia

This research is a comparative analysis of oral health from three historic African-American cemeteries in Georgia. The Area 1 (9CH1168), Area 2 (9CH875) and the Avondale (9BI164) cemeteries were excavated and relocated from 2008-2010. The aggregate population consists of 486 individuals, spanning pre-and-post-Reconstruction eras. Statistical and bioarchaeological techniques are used to address the hypothesis that differential nutrition and subsequent health outcomes significantly vary (as estimated from dental analyses), based on the cemetery’s composition, location, and individuals social status. Oral pathological conditions were characterized in an effort to identify variation between populations, while moving beyond a monolithic narrative of the African-American experience in the post-Bellum South. A statistical range of variation within and between the cemeteries was observed, revealing differences in the frequency of pathologies between cemeteries based on age and sex. Maladies most greatly afflicted Avondale’s population, Area 1 experienced the least and Area 2’s females had the most oral pathologies

ANALISIS RISIKO KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN PAJANAN MERKURI PADA MASYARAKAT DI AREA PENAMBANGAN EMAS TANPA IJIN (PETI) DESA KAYELI KABUPATEN BURU PROVINSI MALUKU

Kegiatan Penambangan Emas Tanpa Ijin (PETI) Desa Kayeli dilakukan dengan metode amalgamasi. Amalgamasi merupakan proses pengikatan logam emas dari bijih emas dengan menggunakan merkuri yang bersifat toksik dalam tabung yang disebut tromol (amalgamator). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperkirakan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan merkuri. Pengukuran konsentrasi merkuri pada sumur gali 3 titik sampel dan kerang Polymesoda erosa sebanyak 9 titik sampel, pengukuran antropometri terhadap 67 pekerja, yang meliputi berat badan, lama pajanan, frekuensi pajanan dan durasi pajanan. Risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Risk Quotients (RQ) yang didapatkan dengan membagi rata-rata asupan harian non kanker sepanjang hayat dengan konsentrasi referen (RfD) .Didapatkan bahwa konsentrasi rata-rata merkuri pada sumur gali adalah ≤ 0,0005 mg/l dan konsentrasi rata-rata kerang Polymesoda erosa sebesar 0.756433 mg/kg. Dengan konsentrasi merkuri demikian dan karakteristik antropometri serta laju asupan sepanjang hayat bagi masyarakat di area Penambangan Emas Tanpa Ijin didapatkan bahwa konsentrasi merkuri pada sumur gali tidak terindikasi adanya resiko kesehatan non karsinogenik terhadap para responden (RQ≤1), jika perhitungan pajanan dilakukan hingga 15 tahun, diestimasikan bahwa pajanan merkuri untuk masyarakatakan berisiko (RQ>1) yaitu 1,173. Sedangkan pada kerang Polymesoda erosa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik telah terindikasi (RQ>1) yaitu 14,404. Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik pada konsentrasi sumur gali akan beresiko jika pajanan hingga 30 tahun, sementara pada kerang Polymesoda erosa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik sudah melebihi batas yang di bolehkan. Kata Kunci: Merkuri, Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan, PET

Authentic recreation: living history and leisure

This essay considers a postmodern interpretation of the concept of authenticity and a criticism of that interpretation advanced from an ethnographic perspective. The author shows how these theoretical issues arise at American Civil War re-enactments by describing the ways by which the re-enactment community establishes authentic appearances at Civil War performances. The essay then considers the commercial activity conducted at Civil War events, and concludes by speaking to the question, posed by the postmodernists, as to whether it is possible to represent the past authentically

A INCRUSTAÇÃO ECONÓMICA, O DUPLO MOVIMENTO E A ECONOMIA POLÍTICA REPUBLICANA EM POLANYI

The aim of this article is to contend that Karl Polanyi’s work bears significant coincidences with the republican tradition of thought. The first of them is one of a methodological or epistemological kind, and it consists of the use of a very similar “social ontology”. The second one is of a substantive sort, and it is related to the “material conditions for freedom” which derive from a very similar conception of freedom and property. In the third section, we propose a republican reading of Polanyi’s work based on three of the author’s primary notions, those of “economic embeddedness”, “double movement”, and “political economy”. The article concludes by arguing that such concepts may prove useful both for understanding the democratic-republican program and for underlining its present validity in contemporary market societies.O objetivo deste artigo é defender que a obra de Karl Polanyi guarda importantes coincidências com o pensamento republicano. A primeira, de tipo metodológico ou epistemológico, é o uso de uma “ontologia social” muito similar. A segunda, de tipo substantivo, gira em torno da ideia das “condições materiais da liberdade” baseada numa concepção muito parecida da liberdade e da propriedade. A terceira seção sugere a leitura republicana da obra de Polanyi baseada em três de suas ideias fundamentais: a “incrustação económica”, o “duplo movimento” e a “economia política”. O artigo conclui defendendo que tais conceitos podem ser úteis tanto para compreender o programa republicano-democrático como para sublinhar sua vigência nas sociedades de mercado contemporâneas

Mostly Settled, But Right for Now

Randy Kozel’s book, Settled Versus Right: A Theory of Precedent, is a laudable effort to make the law more stable, more cohesive, more impersonal — an effort to show that the law can endure even as Justices come and go. The core of his contribution is a proposed doctrine of stare decisis that disentangles deference to precedent from the interpretive methodologies that led to the precedent in the first place, and that so often determine the amount of deference a precedent gets. As a purely doctrinal project, Settled Versus Right naturally assumes that if we fix the doctrine, we’ll fix the decision-making. I’m not convinced that is true, not when non-doctrinal factors like policy preferences and extra-legal context influence the Justices’ decision-making too. The best a theory of precedent can do, I submit, is to minimize the most corrosive effects of these non-doctrinal influences — the discarding of precedent based on nothing more than a change in the majority Justices’ policy preferences — while accommodating the inevitable evolution of the law that comes with the passage of time. In this essay, I critique Kozel’s theory of precedent by this measure, concluding that it would get us to a place that might best be described as “mostly settled, but right for now.” Although I differ with Kozel’s view of how his theory would play out in practice, the equilibrium that his theory could produce would be a significant improvement on the current state of stare decisis, and offers an opportunity to reset the delicate balance between change and stability that the doctrine aims to provide. In light of the complex web of influences in which the Justices operate, that’s about the best a theory of precedent can do