Analysis of Heavy Metals Distribution in the River Town of Hamasaki\u27s Rod Padangsidimpuan

Systems of waste management in Padangsidimpuan City is an open dumping system. The location of the Padangsidimpuan City landfill is carried out at the Batu Bola TPA located in Batu Bola Village which is 120 meters from the Batang Ayumi river flow. Continuous landfill in the landfill produces pollutants in the form of leachate. Leachate contains organic materials and heavy metals. Heavy metals that are often found in leachate water are Iron (Fe) cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn). This research aims to know the quality of the water of the Batang Ayumi river in terms of the content of heavy metals Cd, Zn, and Fe. This research uses descriptive exploratory method by conducting a survey first. The determination of the sampling location using purposive sampling method at four stations specified. River water sampling is carried out twice, before and after rain. This research uses an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer tool. The data obtained were analyzed by comparing research data with water quality standards based on PP. No. 82 of 2001 to look at the conditions of the heavy metal pollution of Cd, Zn and Fe. The results of this study showed that the average concentration of the metal content Cd, Zn and Fe werw below the specified quality threshold, namely the concentration of metal Cd of all stations is 0.0009 mg/l, a concentration of metal Fe is 0.03 mg/l, and concentration of Zn metal is 0.0002 mg/l

The effect of Chaetomium globosum and organic fertilizer on the sweet pepper varieties growth and yield under the greenhouse conditions

This experiment was conducted at horticulture college (USAMV Bucharest) during the summer season of the year 2017 to investigate the growth and yield of sweet pepper varieties (Dinamica f1, Abadia f1 and Abadia f1-grafted on emperador) planted under the greenhouse as influenced by Dix 10 n (organic fertilizer) with dose (300 g/m2 dix 10n) and soil contaminated with Chaetomium globosum fungus. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the highest plant height between the varieties were represented by Dinamica recorded 69.66cm while the maximum plant height between the interaction treatments recorded with (Dinamica + (D+CG), Dinamica + CG and Abadia G+ CG evaluated (89.66, 87.66, 84.00 cm) respectively. While the highest percentage of aerial plant dry matter represented by the interaction treatments of Dinamica + (D + CG) and Abadia G + (D + CG) which reached to (18.56 and 18.53 %) respectively. While the minimum effect for percentage of root dry matter obtained (15.20 and 16.20 %) for control treatment of (Abadia and Abadia G) respectively. The highest yield of plant (Dinamica + (D + CG), Abadia G (D + CG) and Abadia (D + CG)) were recorded lowest yield per plant were (1367.66, 1363.00 and 1325.66 g) respectively. The highest chlorophyll content in leaves were (135.30 and 117.53 µmol m-2) in Abadia G (D + CG) and Abadia G + CG respectively. The minimum photosynthesis value was 7.36 µmol m-2 s-1 in Abadia G (D + CG). The maximum of highest N-NO3 was in Dinamica + (D+CG) treatment which reached to 90.13 ppm, while the highest PO4 level was observed in Abadia + D treatment which recorded 198.87 ppm and the highest level of K was in Abadia G + CG which reached to 4066.66 ppm

Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Suppression of Hepatocarcinorigenesis in Rats: Possible Role of Wnt Signaling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study was conducted to evaluate the tumor suppressive effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in rats and to investigate the possible role of Wnt signaling in hepato-carcinogenesis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ninety rats were included in the study and were divided equally into: Control group, rats which received MSCs only, rats which received MSCs vehicle only, HCC group induced by diethylnitroseamine (DENA) and CCl_<b>4</b>, rats which received MSCs after HCC induction, rats which received MSCs before HCC induction. Histopathological examination and gene expression of Wnt signaling target genes by real time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in rat liver tissue, in addition to serum levels of ALT, AST and alpha fetoprotein were performed in all groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Histopathological examination of liver tissue from animals which received DENA-CCl₄only, revealed the presence of anaplastic carcinoma cells and macro-regenerative nodules type II with foci of large and small cell dysplasia. Administration of MSCs into rats after induction of experimental HCC improved the histopathological picture which showed minimal liver cell damage, reversible changes, areas of cell drop out filled with stem cells. Gene expression in rat liver tissue demonstrated that MSCs downregulated <it>β-catenin</it>, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (<it>PCNA</it>), <it>cyclin D </it>and <it>survivin </it>genes expression in liver tissues after HCC induction. Amelioration of the liver status after administration of MSCs has been inferred by the significant decrease of ALT, AST and Alpha fetoprotein serum levels. Administration of MSCs before HCC induction did not show any tumor suppressive or protective effect.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Administration of MSCs in chemically induced HCC has tumor suppressive effects as evidenced by down regulation of Wnt signaling target genes concerned with antiapoptosis, mitogenesis, cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation, with subsequent amelioration of liver histopathological picture and liver function.</p

Inclusão da História da Química ao Ensino Médio: uma visão através do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado – Etapa II.

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Practical Science and Environmental Education Workshop in Manaus, Brazil

It is an unequivocal fact that Amazonian tropical forest is the largest remaining primary forest in the world. The ecosystem in the region is e tremely comple with high biodiversity (Peres et al. 2010). Conservation and protection of the dynamic forest and river regions is e tremely important not only for the natural environments, but also for the economy and social dependence of benefits from such abundant natural environments. Important natural parameters that affect status of the natural environments include light (natural sunlight), soil, and water, which abundantly e ist in the Amazon region. Solar energy is the primary energy source for the majority of living organisms in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and drives the diurnal and seasonal cycles of biogeochemical processes (Monteith & Unsworth 2013). In particular, in situ light data remains one of the most underappreciated data measurements although having a significant impact on the physical, chemical and biological processes in the ecosystem (Johnsen 2012). Soil provides the fundamental basis for all terrestrial living organisms including the Amazonian forests as well as life-sustaining infrastructure for human society. Water is the most essential single entity to constitute all organisms from a single cell to the earth. Understanding of importance and roles of each factor and interaction of such comple dynamics in the natural environments can serve as fundamental platform for natural scientists, particularly for young scientists such as university students. The objective of this workshop was to provide hand- on scientific and environmental education for university students in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil through practical field measurements using the three most important parameters in the natural ecosystem composed of natural sunlight, soil, and water. The workshop was divided into a series of lectures, in situ field sampling, and data processing, analysis and interpretation with the ultimate goal of empowering the undergraduate students with research-centered environmental education and e perience of developing international collaboration.departmental bulletin pape

New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes

Endocrine therapy resistant ESR1 variants revealed by genomic characterization of breast cancer derived xenografts

To characterize patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) for functional studies, we made whole-genome comparisons with originating breast cancers representative of the major intrinsic subtypes. Structural and copy number aberrations were found to be retained with high fidelity. However, at the single-nucleotide level, variable numbers of PDX-specific somatic events were documented, although they were only rarely functionally significant. Variant allele frequencies were often preserved in the PDXs, demonstrating that clonal representation can be transplantable. Estrogen-receptor-positive PDXs were associated with ESR1 ligand-binding-domain mutations, gene amplification, or an ESR1/YAP1 translocation. These events produced different endocrine-therapy-response phenotypes in human, cell line, and PDX endocrine-response studies. Hence, deeply sequenced PDX models are an important resource for the search for genome-forward treatment options and capture endocrine-drug-resistance etiologies that are not observed in standard cell lines. The originating tumor genome provides a benchmark for assessing genetic drift and clonal representation after transplantation