Set-related restrictions for semantic groupings

Semantic database models utilize several fundamental forms of groupings to increase their expressive power. In this paper we consider four of the most common of these constructs; basic set groupings, is-a related groupings, power set groupings, and Cartesian aggregation groupings. For each, we define a number of useful restrictions that control its structure and composition. This permits each grouping to capture more subtle distinctions of the concepts or situations in the application environment. The resulting set of restrictions forms a framework which increases the expressive power of semantic models and specifies various set-related integrity constraints

Defining coaching psychology: debating coaching and coaching psychology definitions

SGCP has been reviewing its standards. As part of this journey, we have also taken the opportunity to revisit the nature of coaching psychology. What is ‘coaching’? How does it differ from ‘coaching psychology’? We explore these in a longer paper within ICPR. In this paper we aim to provide a short review of definitions and offer thoughts on a new definition for coaching psychology

Modelling Payments Systems: A Review of the Literature

Payments systems play a fundamental role in an economy by providing the mechanisms through which payments arising from transactions can be settled. The existing literature on the economics of payments systems is large but loosely organized, in that each model uses a distinct set-up and sometimes a distinct equilibrium concept. As a result, it is not easy to generalize how model features are related to model implications. The authors conduct a non-technical survey of the literature and discuss some of these connections. They organize the literature according to three general classes of modelling approaches, and compare those approaches in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. They also describe the policy implications across the three model classes and relate them to the model environment/assumptions. The authors summarize what can be learned from the literature with respect to policy issues and identify areas for future research.Payment, clearing, and settlement systems

Frailty and the Burden of Concurrent and Incident Disability in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Frailty results from the chronic effects of malnutrition and muscle wasting in patients with cirrhosis. It is well-established that frailty is strongly associated with mortality in this population. However, little is known of its relationship with physical disability, a critical patient-centered outcome. Adults with cirrhosis underwent outpatient testing of frailty using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI) and disability using activities of daily living (ADL; range 0-6) and Instrumental ADL (IADL; range 0-8) scales at one center between 2012 and 2016. We used adjusted multilevel logistic mixed-effects regression to test the association between frailty and current disability (impairment with ≥1 ADL or IADL) and incident disability at 6 months among those without baseline disability. Of the 983 participants, 20% were robust, 32% were less robust, 33% were prefrail, and 15% were frail; 587 (60%) had at least 1 assessment. The percentage of participants with at least 1 baseline ADL or IADL impairment was 28% and 37%, respectively. In adjusted regression models, each point LFI increase was associated with a 3.3 and 4.6 higher odds of current difficulty with at least 1 ADL and IADL (P < 0.001 for each), respectively. Among participants without baseline disability, each point LFI increase was associated with a 2.6 and 1.7 higher odds of having difficulty with at least 1 ADL and IADL at 6 months, respectively. Conclusion: Frailty is strongly associated with concurrent and incident disability in patients with cirrhosis. In the clinic, the LFI can be used to identify those in greatest need for additional support/resources to maintain functional independence. In research settings, the LFI may help to identify an enriched population for clinical trials of interventions aimed at those most vulnerable to disability

Improving our understanding of unmet needs among adults with a developmental disability

Labour force participation is lowest for persons with developmental disabilities (DD) compared to any other disability in Canada, even though many are ready, willing and able to work. Those who are employed often work for below minimum wage and have minimum protection by labour legislation. Yet little detail is known about employment outcomes for persons with DD in a Canadian context. Using national population survey data, this study explored the unmet employment, education and daily living needs of persons with two types of developmental disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP; Zwicker, Zaresani and Emery 2017)[1]. Disability was cited as a key barrier to employment for those not in the labour force, highlighting an urgent need for policies that promote accessibility and equal opportunity, as well as improved workplace practices and employment services and supports. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the experiences and challenges pertaining to the workplace, education and social supports, necessary in designing policies that deliver efficient and equitable services and better address the needs of Canadians with DD – a group that has been largely absent from policy dialogue.[1] ASD and CP are two of the most common chronic developmental conditions that result in disability in Canadian children

Métastases osseuses : bonnes pratiques éthiques et cliniques en physiothérapie

Travail d'intégration présenté à la Faculté de médecine en vue de l’obtention de la maîtrise en physiothérapieProblématique : En 2012, 26 500 hommes recevront un diagnostic de cancer de la prostate, dont près de 10% souffriront de métastases osseuses. Plusieurs physiothérapeutes éprouvent des réticences à traiter cette clientèle, car les indications au traitement ne sont pas clairement définies. Objectif: Analyser les bonnes pratiques biopsychosociales en physiothérapie associées à un patient présentant des métastases osseuses et ce, dans divers contextes de soins. Stratégie méthodologique: Revue de littérature critique pour établir les bonnes pratiques avec un patient présentant des métastases osseuses. Une étude de cas a permis d’analyser les différents enjeux dans 3 contextes de soins. Résultats: Une revue des indications, des précautions et des contre-indications a été effectuée. L’approche biopsychosociale devrait être intégrée dans la pratique au Québec, puisqu’elle permet le respect de l’intégrité, de la personnalité et réduit le risque de désaccords moraux face au patient. Le calcul des risques et des bénéfices montre que le principe de précaution a tendance à limiter le processus décisionnel du physiothérapeute. Le principisme est un cadre éthique qui permet d’établir des critères pour décider s’il est indiqué d’offrir de la physiothérapie aux patients dans le continuum de soins. Conclusion: Malgré de nombreuses contre-indications, il y a davantage de bienfaits à traiter un patient avec métastases osseuses plutôt que l’inverse. Il existe un risque potentiel à ne pas traiter. Face à l’incertitude clinique, le physiothérapeute doit être prudent. L’expérience du clinicien, l’encadrement d’une équipe médicale, l’obtention d’un diagnostic avec des précisions sur le site des métastases osseuses sont des facteurs facilitant l’intervention

Using Computational Text Mining to Understand Public Priorities for Disability Policy Towards Children in Canadian National Consultations

Identifying policy preferences from public consultations presents a challenge to national and local governments. Computational text mining approaches provide a useful strategy for analyzing the large-scale textual data emerging from these policy processes. In this study, we developed an inductive and deductive text mining approach to understand disability-related policy priorities. This approach is applied to data from the nationwide disability policy consultation conducted in 2016 by the Government of Canada. This process included 18 town hall meetings, 9 thematic roundtables, and online submissions from 92 stakeholders. Transcripts of these consultations were made available to researchers. Three broad research questions were asked of this data, focused on key themes; differences by city size and type of consultation; and impact of two global policy frameworks. The study identified a number of key themes and saw differences by city size. The study identified content related to both the CRPD and CRC

Black Hole Production by Cosmic Rays

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays create black holes in scenarios with extra dimensions and TeV-scale gravity. In particular, cosmic neutrinos will produce black holes deep in the atmosphere, initiating quasi-horizontal showers far above the standard model rate. At the Auger Observatory, hundreds of black hole events may be observed, providing evidence for extra dimensions and the first opportunity for experimental study of microscopic black holes. If no black holes are found, the fundamental Planck scale must be above 2 TeV for any number of extra dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, PRL versio

Priority service needs and receipt across the lifespan for individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a range of health, community, and social support needs across the lifespan that create age-specific challenges in navigating service sectors. In this study, we set out to identify the priority needs of individuals with ASD across the lifespan, and the factors that predict receiving priority services. Participants included 3,317 individuals with ASD from a Canada-wide online caregiver survey, stratified into five age groups(preschool, elementary school age, adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood). Priority receipt was calculated as a ratio of current services that corresponded to individualized priority need. Age-stratified Poisson regression analyses were used to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and systemic predictors of priority receipt. Results indicate that the distribution of priority need varied by age, except for social skills programming, which was a high across all groups.The number of high and moderate priority needs diversified with age. Overall, 30% of individuals had none of their priority needs met and priority receipt decreased with age. Systemic factors were most consistently related to priority receipt across the lifespan. Understanding patterns and correlates of priority needs and use that currently exist in different age groups can inform policies to improve service access.The National ASD Needs Assessment Survey was administered by CASDA with financial support from The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). All phases of this study were also funded by the Chair inAutism Spectrum Disorders Treatment and CareResearch to Dr. Weiss (#RN284208; Canadian Institutes of Health Research in partnership with Autism SpeaksCanada, the Canadian Autism Spectrum Disorders Alliance, Health Canada, NeuroDevNet and the Sinneave Family Foundation. Additional funds from York University)