Text mining with the WEBSOM

The emerging field of text mining applies methods from data mining and exploratory data analysis to analyzing text collections and to conveying information to the user in an intuitive manner. Visual, map-like displays provide a powerful and fast medium for portraying information about large collections of text. Relationships between text items and collections, such as similarity, clusters, gaps and outliers can be communicated naturally using spatial relationships, shading, and colors. In the WEBSOM method the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm is used to automatically organize very large and high-dimensional collections of text documents onto two-dimensional map displays. The map forms a document landscape where similar documents appear close to each other at points of the regular map grid. The landscape can be labeled with automatically identified descriptive words that convey properties of each area and also act as landmarks during exploration. With the help of an HTML-based interactive tool the ordered landscape can be used in browsing the document collection and in performing searches on the map. An organized map offers an overview of an unknown document collection helping the user in familiarizing herself with the domain. Map displays that are already familiar can be used as visual frames of reference for conveying properties of unknown text items. Static, thematically arranged document landscapes provide meaningful backgrounds for dynamic visualizations of for example time-related properties of the data. Search results can be visualized in the context of related documents. Experiments on document collections of various sizes, text types, and languages show that the WEBSOM method is scalable and generally applicable. Preliminary results in a text retrieval experiment indicate that even when the additional value provided by the visualization is disregarded the document maps perform at least comparably with more conventional retrieval methods.reviewe

Dissertatio de principio obsequii legibus et imperanti summo a cive praestandi; quam cons. ampl. fac. phil. Aboëns. Sub praesidio mag. Andr. Johannis Lagi, philos. pract. prof. ord. Pro laurea publico examini subjicit Ericus Gustavus Eneberg, Borealis. In auditorio medico die XIV Junii MDCCCXV. h. a. m. s.

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, A4 B2. - S. [2] tyhjä.Painovuosi nimekkeestä

Dissertationis theologicae de justo ex fide vivente Rom. I:17, Gal. III:11, Hebr. X:38, Coll. Habac. II:4. Pars posterior, theologica, quam, cons. max. rev. facult. theol. Ab., praeside doct. Andrea Johanne Lago, theol. prof. publ., ord.; fac. theol. h. t. dec. Imp. ord. de S:to Wolodimiro in IV:ta cl. equite, publicae disquisitioni submittit Johannes Ludovicus Runeberg, Ostrobottniensis. In auditorio theol. die XVII Junii MDCCCXXVI. h. a. m. c.

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, C-D4 E3.Painovuosi nimekkeestä.Osa 1 ilmestyi 1818, preeses Carolus Jacobus Tengström. Myös tämä 2. osa hänen kirjoittamansa

Dissertatio metaphysica de repraesentatione originaria, principio cognoscendi ultimo, quam cons. ampl. fac. phil. Ab. praeside M. And. Joh. Lago, phil. theor. prof. ord. Pro gradu publicae censurae offert Fredericus Bergbom, stip. Bilm. Ostrob. In aud. mathemat. d. I Junii MDCCCX. h. a. m. s.

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, A-B4 C2.Painovuosi nimekkeestä

Simonidis quae supersunt, graece et latine, cum animadversionibus. Cons. ampliss. ord. philos. Aboens. Examini modeste offerunt Andr. Johannes Lagus, & stipend. reg. Abrahamus Mollerus, Wiburgenses.In auditorio majori d. 18 Maii 1796. H. ante. merid. s. Pars I.

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, A-C4 D1.Painovuosi nimekkeestä.Jatkoa ei ilmestynyt

Morfessor and Hutmegs : Unsupervised Morpheme Segmentation for Highly-Inflecting and Compounding Languages

Peer reviewe

Equation of state of forsterite

Shock wave data for pure forsterite with initial bulk densities of 2.6 and 3.1 g/cm^3 are obtained to 0.370 Mb by impacting series of specimens with tungsten alloy plates that are launched at speeds of up to 2.3 km/sec with a high-performance propellant gun. The onset of a shock-induced phase change, probably corresponding to the forsterite-‘post spinel’ phase change is observed at 0.280±0.025 Mb. Because of the low shock temperatures, the transition is believed to be limited by the reaction rate and this pressure value should be taken only as an upper limit. Adiabats derived from the Hugoniot data for the forsterite phase are fit to the two-parameter finite strain Birch-Murnaghan equation and to two simple ionic equations of state. The Birch-Murnaghan form of the equation of state gives a zero-pressure bulk modulus (1.29 Mb) that agrees more closely with the ultrasonic data than the modulus obtained from the ionic equations of state. An unusual relaxation effect, in which the elastic shock precursor velocity varies from 5.8 to 9.5 km/sec, is also observed. The characteristic time of the relaxation process appears to be less than 1 μsec

Induced Granulation Tissue but not Artificial Dermis Enhances Early Host-Graft Interactions in Full-Thickness Burn Wounds

Cellular grafts used for skin repair require rapid integration with the host tissue to remain viable and especially to nourish the epidermal cells. Here, we evaluated the responses in the split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) grafted on three differently treated wound beds: directly on excised wound bed (EX), on an artificial dermal template (DT) and on granulation tissue (GT) induced by cellulose sponge. In ten burn patients, after excision, a test area was divided into three sections: One transplanted with STSG instantaneously and two sections had a pre-treatment for 2 weeks with either DT or a cellulose sponge inducing granulation tissue formation and thereafter grafted with STSGs. One week after grafting, the STSGs on GT demonstrated most endothelial CD31(+) staining, largest average vessel diameters as well as most CD163(+) staining of M2-like macrophages and most MIB1(+) proliferating epidermal cells, suggesting an active regenerative environment. STSGs on DT had smallest vessel diameters and the least CD163(+) macrophages. STSGs on EX had the least CD31(+) cells and the least MIB1(+) proliferating cells. After 3 months, this reactivity in STSGs had subsided, except increased dermal cell proliferation was observed in STSGs on EX. Results show that pre-treatment of wound bed and induction of granulation tissue formation can accelerate host-graft interaction by stimulating graft vasculature and inducing cell proliferation.Peer reviewe

Optical Evaluation of Ducted Fuel Injection for a Medium Speed Maritime Engine Fuel Injector

This thesis was conducted on behalf of Wärtsilä Finland Oy at their research laboratory. The objective was to evaluate whether the ducted fuel injection (DFI) concept could be applied to larger fuel injectors, such as those used in maritime engines, to reduce soot formation during combustion. The DFI concept was tested in a constant volume precombustion hot cell (CVPHC), commonly referred to as a spray chamber. Multiple duct configurations, with inner diameters ranging from 2 mm to 8 mm, were designed and manufactured. These ducts were installed inside the chamber using a mount that was also designed and manufactured. To measure relative changes in soot production, two high-speed cameras recorded the maximum light intensity emitted from the fuel spray combustions, as light intensity correlates with soot concentration. Additionally, a NOx analyzer was used to measure NO emissions in the exhaust gas. The results showed that the best-performing duct reduced soot formation by approximately 30% compared to the reference tests without a duct. However, some duct geometries, such as the D2L14G3 duct, increased soot production by more than 50%. The standard duct with the best performance was the D4L22G7, while a specially designed Vented Venturi Duct achieved an even greater soot reduction.Detta examensarbete utfördes på uppdrag av Wärtsilä Finland Ab vid företagets forskningslaboratorium. Syftet var att utvärdera om DFI-konceptet, ducted fuel injection, kunde appliceras på bränsleinjektorer i den storlek som används i maritima motorer, med målet att minska mängden sot som bildas vid förbränning. DFI-konceptet testades i en förförbränningskammare med konstant volym, även kallad spraykammare. Flera rörkonfigurationer med innerdiametrar mellan 2 mm och 8 mm konstruerades och tillverkades. Dessa monterades i spraykammaren med hjälp av en särskilt designad och tillverkad hållare. För att mäta relativa skillnader i sotbildning användes två höghastighetskameror för att mäta den maximala ljusintensiteten från bränsleförbränningarna, eftersom ljusintensitet korrelerar med sotmängd. En NOx-analysator installerades dessutom i avgasröret för att mäta utsläppen av kväveoxider. Resultaten visade att den bäst presterande rörkonfigurationen minskade sotbildningen med cirka 30 % jämfört med en referensspray utan rör. Vissa konfigurationer, såsom D2L14G3, ökade däremot sotet med över 50 %. Den bäst presterande standardkonfigurationen var D4L22G7, medan ett specialdesignat ventilerat Venturi-rör reducerade sotbildningen ytterligare.Tämä opinnäytetyö on tehty Wärtsilä Finland Oy:n toimeksiannosta heidän tutkimuslaboratoriossaan Vaasassa. Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää, voisiko suulakeohjattua polttoaineruiskutusmenetelmää (DFI) soveltaa suuremmissa ruiskusuuttimissa, kuten merimoottoreissa, vähentämään noen muodostumista palamisen aikana. DFI-konseptia testattiin vakiotilavuuskammiossa (CVPHC), toisin sanoen ruiskutuskammiossa. Tutkimuksessa suunniteltiin ja valmistettiin useampia suulakemalleja sisähalkaisijan vaihdellessa kahdesta kahdeksaan millimetriin. Suulakkeet asennettiin kammion sisään sitä varten suunnitellulla ja valmistetulla pitimellä. Noen muodostuksen suhteellisen muutoksen mittaamiseksi käytettiin kahta suurnopeuskameraa, joilla seurattiin ruiskutetun polttoaineen palamisen valonvoimakkuutta. Valon voimakkuus nimittäin korreloi noen konsentraation kanssa. Lisäksi pakokanavaan asennettiin NOx-analysaattori typpioksidipäästöjen mittaamiseksi. Tulokset osoittivat, että parhaiten toiminut suulake vähensi noen muodostusta noin 30 prosentilla verrattuna ruiskutukseen ilman suulaketta. Kuitenkin muutamat suulakemallit kuten D2L14G3 päinvastoin lisäsivät noen muodostusta yli 50 prosentilla. Parhaiten toiminut vakiosuulake oli mallia D4L22G7, kun taas erikoissuunniteltu, aukotettu Venturi-suulake saavutti vielä suuremman vähennyksen noen määrässä