Oblikovanje grupnoga identiteta glazbenim stvaranjem u srednjoj školi

Music plays an important role in the construction of identity in adolescence. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the formation of group identities in adolescence and musical creation as an experiential group activity in secondary school. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to shed light on the formation of group identities in the classroom and determine the factors involved in this process. An educational project focusing on participatory musical creation was carried out in three Spanish secondary schools, involving 267 students. Data were collected by means of participant and non-participant observation, a classroom diary, a questionnaire and video recordings, analysed within the framework of activity theory. The results revealed the influence of a number of interconnected determinants on the formation of group identity in the classroom: (1) student involvement in all stages of the project; (2) the construction of meaningful musical experiences through the students’ role as musicians; (3) the classroom climate; (4) the emergence of positive emotions; (5) high motivation to learn; and (6) student identification with their own music. These results indicate the useful role of music creation in the formation of group identity.Glazba ima važnu ulogu u izgradnji identiteta tijekom adolescencije. Unatoč tome, malo je studija istraživalo odnos između oblikovanja grupnih identiteta u adolescenciji i glazbenoga stvaranja kao iskustvene grupne aktivnosti u srednjoj školi. Stoga je cilj ovoga istraživanja bio osvijetliti oblikovanje grupnih identiteta u razredu i utvrditi čimbenike uključene u taj proces. Proveden je obrazovni projekt s fokusom na participacijsko glazbeno stvaranje u tri srednje škole u Španjolskoj. U projektu je sudjelovalo 267 učenika. Podatci su sakupljeni metodama sudioničkoga promatranja, promatranja bez sudjelovanja, razrednoga dnevnika, upitnika i videozapisa, a analizirani su unutar okvira teorije aktivnosti. Rezultati pokazuju utjecaj određenoga broja međusobno povezanih faktora na oblikovanje grupnoga identiteta u učionici: (1) učenički angažman u svim stadijima projekta, (2) stvaranje značajnih glazbenih iskustava kroz učeničke uloge glazbenika, (3) razredno ozračje, (4) javljanje pozitivnih emocija, (5) visoka motivacija za učenje i (6) poistovjećivanje učenika s vlastitom glazbom. Navedeni rezultati otkrivaju pozitivno djelovanje glazbenoga stvaralaštva na oblikovanje grupnoga identiteta

Peace Education and School Violence Through a Music Project in Secondary Education

Una de las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan las instituciones educativas en la actualidad está centrada en fomentar la convivencia pacífica en sus aulas. Este trabajo aborda dicha problemática desde el desarrollo de un proyecto de creación de una Banda Sonora sobre el acoso utilizando la composición cooperativa y la improvisación colectiva, con el propósito de examinar qué aspectos intervienen en este proceso en relación con la educación para la paz y la violencia escolar. Para ello, se contó con la participación de un grupo de estudiantes de 1º de ESO (n= 14, 9 chicas y 5 chicos) y otro de 3º (n=26, 17 chicas y 9 chicos) de un centro de la Comunidad de Madrid. Las conclusiones ponen de manifiesto cómo las experiencias musicales del alumnado en un espacio de aprendizaje creativo potencian la motivación tanto individual como colectiva, las emociones positivas, el ambiente de clase, el bienestar y la identidad del grupo, lo que ha favorecido la convivencia entre los participantes en este estudio.One of the main difficulties educational institutions currently face is promoting peaceful coexistence in classrooms. This study addresses the mentioned challenge through a soundtrack music creation project about bullying, using cooperative composition and group improvisation as didactic strategies. The main purpose was to examine the aspects involved in this porcess related to peace education and school violence. The study was carried out in a first year of secondary education class (n= 14, 9 girls and 5 boys) and another third year of secondary education class(n=26, 17 girls and 9 boys) in the Community of Madrid. The conclusions reveal how the participation of the students in a musical creative space for learning promotes both individual and collective motivation, positive emotions, better class environment, increased well-being and a more cohesive group identity, which has improved the coexistence between the participants in this study

El aula invertida como metodología y herramienta didáctico-musical en el aula de infantil

Depto. de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Educación FísicaFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues