The EGIM, modular though generic addresses the requirements of the EMSO platforms

The EGIM (EMSO Generic Instrument Module ) is designed to consistently and continuously measure parameters of interest for most major science areas covered by EMSO. This research infrastructure provides accurate records on marine environmental changes from distributed regional nodes around Europe. The system can deliver data that can support the Global Ocean Observing System –Essential Ocean Variables concept, as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive towards evaluating environmentalstatus. The EGIM is flexible for adaptation according to site and disciplinespecific requirements. Inter - operability and capacity of future evolution of the system are key aspects of the modularity. The EGIM is able to operate on any EMSO node type: mooring line, sea bed station, cabled or non - cabled and surface buoy to monitor environmental parameters over a wide depth range. Operating modes, power requirements, mechanical design can adapt to the various EMSO node configurations. In addition to sensors already included in the EGIM prototype (temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, currents and passive acoustics) the EGIMcan host up to five additional sensors such as chl -a, pCO 2, pH, seismic and photographic/video images ornew sensors. The EGIM provides all the sensor hosting services required ,for instance power distribution, positioning , and protection against bio -fouling . Within EMSO , the EGIM aimsto have a number of ocean locations where the same set of core variables are measured homogeneously: using the same hardware, same sensor references, same qualification methods, same calibration methods, same data format and access and the same maintenance procedures. It’s compact and modular nature allows for flexible deploymentscenarios that include being able to accommodate new instruments such for Essential Ocean Variables and other needs as theirtechnology readiness levels improve.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The EGIM, EMSO generic instrument module, step towards standardization

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): standardized and interoperable instrumentation for ocean observation

The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coastal to deep-sea environments and address the main challenges of the 21st century, which are summarized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Growth strategies. The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with the aim of providing long-term observations via fixed-point ocean observatories in key environmental locations across European seas from the Arctic to the Black Sea. These may be supported by ship-based observations and autonomous systems such as gliders. In this paper, we present the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM), a deployment ready multi-sensor instrumentation module, designed to measure physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecosystem variables consistently, in a range of marine environments, over long periods of time. Here, we describe the system, features, configuration, operation and data management. We demonstrate, through a series of coastal and oceanic pilot experiments that the EGIM is a valuable standard ocean observation module, which can significantly improve the capacity of existing ocean observatories and provides the basis for new observatories. The diverse examples of use included the monitoring of fish activity response upon oceanographic variability, hydrothermal vent fluids and particle dispersion, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and time series of environmental variation in the water column. With the EGIM available to all the EMSO Regional Facilities, EMSO will be reaching a milestone in standardization and interoperability, marking a key capability advancement in addressing issues of sustainability in resource and habitat management of the oceans.This work was funded by the project EMSODEV (Grant agreement No 676555) supported by DG Research and Innovation of the European Commission under the Research Infrastructures Programme of the H2020. EMSO-link EC project (Grant agreement No 731036) provided additional funding. Other projects which supported the work include Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017–2020, project BITER-LANDER PID2020- 114732RB-C32, iFADO (Innovation in the Framework of the Atlantic Deep Ocean, 2017–2021) EAPA_165/2016. The Spanish Government contributed through the “Severo Ochoa Centre Excellence” accreditation to ICM-CSIC (CEX2019-000928-S) and the Research Unit Tecnoterra (ICM-CSIC/UPC). UK colleagues were supported by Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS) project supported by NERC National Capability funding (NE/R015953/1).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 33 autors/es: Nadine Lantéri; Henry A. Ruh; Andrew Gates; Enoc Martínez; Joaquin del Rio Fernandez; Jacopo Aguzzi; Mathilde Cannat; Eric Delory; Davide Embriaco; Robert Huber; Marjolaine Matabos;George Petihakis; Kieran Reilly; Jean-François Rolin; Mike van der Schaar; Michel André; Jérôme Blandin; Andrés Cianca; Marco Francescangeli; Oscar Garcia; Susan Hartman; Jean-Romain Lagadec; Julien Legrand; Paris Pagonis; Jaume Piera; Xabier Remirez; Daniel M. Toma; Giuditta Marinaro; Bertrand Moreau; Raul Santana; Hannah Wright; Juan José Dañobeitia; Paolo FavaliPostprint (published version

The EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM): Standardized and interoperable instrumentation for ocean observation

The oceans are a fundamental source for climate balance, sustainability of resources and life on Earth, therefore society has a strong and pressing interest in maintaining and, where possible, restoring the health of the marine ecosystems. Effective, integrated ocean observation is key to suggesting actions to reduce anthropogenic impact from coastal to deep-sea environments and address the main challenges of the 21st century, which are summarized in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Blue Growth strategies. The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO), is a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), with the aim of providing long-term observations via fixed-point ocean observatories in key environmental locations across European seas from the Arctic to the Black Sea. These may be supported by ship-based observations and autonomous systems such as gliders. In this paper, we present the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM), a deployment ready multi-sensor instrumentation module, designed to measure physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecosystem variables consistently, in a range of marine environments, over long periods of time. Here, we describe the system, features, configuration, operation and data management. We demonstrate, through a series of coastal and oceanic pilot experiments that the EGIM is a valuable standard ocean observation module, which can significantly improve the capacity of existing ocean observatories and provides the basis for new observatories. The diverse examples of use included the monitoring of fish activity response upon oceanographic variability, hydrothermal vent fluids and particle dispersion, passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals and time series of environmental variation in the water column. With the EGIM available to all the EMSO Regional Facilities, EMSO will be reaching a milestone in standardization and interoperability, marking a key capability advancement in addressing issues of sustainability in resource and habitat management of the oceans

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Cahier des Charges Fonctionnel pour l’étude de la bouée de surface de l’observatoire MAREGAMI

Le présent document est relatif au projet de déploiement d’un observatoire de fond de mer permanent des risques géologiques en mer de Marmara. Ce document précise les fonctions, les contraintes ainsi que le délai pour l’étude des formes générales, l’estimation de la masse et des mouvements ainsi que de l’établissement du coût de l’étude finale d’une bouée-relais océanographique déployée en mer de Marmara. Cette bouée a pour rôle d’assurer le relais entre une station terrestre et un observatoire de fond de mer, ainsi que d’alimenter en énergie cette dernière

The EGIM, a generic instrumental module to equip EMSO observatories

The EGIM aims to set up a number of ocean locations where the same set of core variables, including temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved O2, turbidity, ocean currents, and passive acoustics, are measured homogeneously: using identical hardware, the same sensor references, the same qualification methods, the same calibration methods, the same data format and access, and the same maintenance procedures. The EGIM provides all the services required to ensure the best measurement quality and long-term reliability in line with the Best Practices Handbook by FIXO3 and ESONET-EMSO Label, these services being sensor power distribution, time stamping, data storage and backup, protection against the environment and against fouling and bi-directional communication services… The EGIM is flexible and matches all EMSO site and discipline specific requirements. Operating modes, power requirements, mechanical design, embedded software enable the EGIM to adapt to the various EMSO node configurations: mooring line, sea bed station, cabled or non-cabled and surface buoy.  Its compact and its modularity covers an array of deployment scenarios including being able to accommodate new instruments. This will be a key point to the modularity, inter-operability and capacity of the future evolution of the system. Having the EGIM as the sole reference for all nodes is a crucial step towards standardization, increasing global reliability and reducing costs across EMSO

The EGIM, modular though generic addresses the requirements of the EMSO platforms

The EGIM (EMSO Generic Instrument Module ) is designed to consistently and continuously measure parameters of interest for most major science areas covered by EMSO. This research infrastructure provides accurate records on marine environmental changes from distributed regional nodes around Europe. The system can deliver data that can support the Global Ocean Observing System –Essential Ocean Variables concept, as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive towards evaluating environmentalstatus. The EGIM is flexible for adaptation according to site and disciplinespecific requirements. Inter - operability and capacity of future evolution of the system are key aspects of the modularity. The EGIM is able to operate on any EMSO node type: mooring line, sea bed station, cabled or non - cabled and surface buoy to monitor environmental parameters over a wide depth range. Operating modes, power requirements, mechanical design can adapt to the various EMSO node configurations. In addition to sensors already included in the EGIM prototype (temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, currents and passive acoustics) the EGIMcan host up to five additional sensors such as chl -a, pCO 2, pH, seismic and photographic/video images ornew sensors. The EGIM provides all the sensor hosting services required ,for instance power distribution, positioning , and protection against bio -fouling . Within EMSO , the EGIM aimsto have a number of ocean locations where the same set of core variables are measured homogeneously: using the same hardware, same sensor references, same qualification methods, same calibration methods, same data format and access and the same maintenance procedures. It’s compact and modular nature allows for flexible deploymentscenarios that include being able to accommodate new instruments such for Essential Ocean Variables and other needs as theirtechnology readiness levels improve.Peer Reviewe

Predator and scavenger movements among and within endangered seabird colonies: opportunities for pathogen spread

International audience1. The spatial structure of host communities is expected to constrain pathogen spread. However, predators and/or scavengers may connect distant host (sub)populations when foraging. Determining whether some individuals or populations play a prominent role in the spread of pathogens is critical to inform management measures.2. We explored movements and epidemiological status of brown skuas (Stercorarius antarcticus), the only avian terrestrial consumer native of Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), to assess whether and how they could be involved in the spread of the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, which recurrently causes avian cholera outbreaks in endangered albatross and penguin species breeding on the island.3. High proportions of seropositive and DNA-positive individuals for P. multocida indicated that skuas are highly exposed to the pathogen and may be able to transmit it. Movement tracking revealed that the foraging ranges of breeding skuas largely overlap among individuals and expand all along the coasts where albatrosses and penguins nest, but not on the inland plateau hosting the endemic Amsterdam albatross (Diomedea amsterdamensis).4. Considering the epidemiological and movement data, skua movements may provide opportunity for pathogen spread among and within seabird colonies.5. Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the importance of considering the behaviour and epidemiological status of predators and scavengers in disease dynamics because the foraging movements of individuals of such species can potentially limit the efficiency of local management measures in spatially-structured host communities. Such species could thus represent priority vaccination targets to implement efficient management measures aiming at limiting pathogen spread and also be used as sentinels to monitor pathogen circulation and evaluate the effectiveness of management measures.1. La circulation d’agents infectieux dans les populations sauvages peut être fortement contrainte par la structuration spatiale de leurs communautés d’hôtes. Cependant, de par leurs comportements alimentaires, certains prédateurs et/ou charognards peuvent connecter des(sous-)populations spatialement éloignées. Identifier les individus ou populations susceptibles de jouer un rôle prépondérant dans la dissémination d’agents infectieux pathogènes est un élément clé pour la compréhension, et éventuellement le contrôle, des dynamiquesépidémiologiques dans les populations sauvages.2. Dans ce contexte, nous avons suivi les déplacements et statuts épidémiologiques de labbes subantarctiques (Stercorarius antarcticus), uniques prédateurs et charognards terrestres aviaires natifs de l’île Amsterdam (Océan Indien), afin d’évaluer leur implication dans la dissémination de Pasteurella multocida, la bactérie responsable d’épizooties récurrentes de choléra aviaire affectant les albatros et gorfous de l’île.3. Les fortes proportions d’individus positifs à P. multocida par sérologie et PCR indiquent que les labbes sont très exposés à la bactérie et susceptibles de la transmettre. Par ailleurs le suivi des déplacements d’individus reproducteurs a révélé que les zones de recherche alimentaire individuelles des labbes se superposent et s’étendent tout le long de la partie de côte occupée par les albatros et les gorfous. Au contraire, le plateau central où se reproduit l’albatros d’Amsterdan (Diomedea amsterdamensis), espèce endémique de l’île, ne semble pas visité par les labbes en reproduction.4. Compte tenu des données épidémiologiques et écologiques présentées les labbes sont susceptibles de contribuer à dissémination d’agents infectieux au sein et entre des colonies d’oiseaux marins menacés d’extinction.5. Synthèse et applications. Cette étude met en évidence l’importance de prendre en considération le comportement et le statut épidémiologique des prédateurs et charognards lors de la mise en place de programmes de contrôle de dynamiques épidémiologiques. En effet, le comportement alimentaire de telles espèces peut limiter l’efficacité des mesures locales malgré l’apparente structuration spatiale des populations affectée. Prédateurs et charognards peuvent ainsi représenter des cibles prioritaires pour les programmes de vaccination visant à limiter la dissémination d’agents infectieux pathogènes mais également être utilisés comme sentinelles pour en suivre la circulation et évaluer l’efficacité des programmes de contrôle