Cell sizing of intact, flash-frozen adipose tissue

Histomorphometric analyses of adipose tissue usually require formalin fixation of fresh samples. Our objective was to determine if intact, flash-frozen whole adipose tissue samples stored at − 80 °C could be used for measurements developed for fresh-fixed adipose tissues. Portions of adipose tissue samples were either formalin-fixed immediately upon sampling or flash-frozen and stored at − 80 °C and then formalin-fixed during the thawing process. Mean adipocyte diameter was measured. Immunohistochemistry was performed on additional samples to identify macrophage subtypes (M1, CD14 + and M2, CD206 +) and total (CD68 +) number. All slides were counterstained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Visual inspection of H&E-stained adipose tissue slides performed in a blinded fashion showed little or no sign of cell breakage in 74% of frozen-fixed samples and in 68% of fresh-fixed samples (p > 0.5). There was no difference in the distribution frequencies of adipocyte sizes in fresh-fixed vs. frozen-fixed tissues in both depots (p > 0.9). Mean adipocyte size from frozen-fixed samples correlated significantly and positively with adipocyte size from fresh-fixed samples (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001, for both depots). The quality of staining/immunostaining and appearance of tissue architecture were comparable in fresh-fixed vs. frozen-fixed samples. In conclusion, intact flash-frozen adipose tissue samples stored at − 80 °C can be used to perform techniques conventionally applied to fresh-fixed samples. This approach allows for retrospective studies with frozen human adipose tissue samples

Educational outcomes of a new curriculum on interproximal oral prophylaxis for dental students

International audienceObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a preclinical oral prophylaxis education program by examining the effectiveness of the teaching module on changes to the students' attitudes towards their individual hygiene behaviors with interdental brushes (IDBs). Methods As being part of a new didactic program on oral interproximal prophylaxis, all preclinical third-year students (n = 96) enrolled in the 2014/15 academic year received theoretical, pre-clinical, and clinical lessons on interproximal prophylaxis. The evaluation of educational outcomes was linked to observed changes in students' hygiene behaviors using interdental brushes. Knowledge, skills, attitudes, satisfaction, competence and performance were also explored. The evaluation interviews were recorded at each recall, i.e., 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after baseline. Results Motivation to use IDBs is clearly related to the perception of the effectiveness of the brushes and the perception of bleeding reduction. At one week, 89.6% of subjects reported using IDBs. Individual use decreased significantly from one week to one month (-26%, p = 0.006) while a non-significant upward trend occurred between one month and three months. Among students reporting usage of IDBs at 1 year (20.8%), only 2.0% used IDBs daily. Most students would recommend IDBs to other people at the beginning (69.8%). However, this share dropped to 50% at 3 months. IDB-users prescribed more than non-users

Re-visiting Meltsner: Policy Advice Systems and the Multi-Dimensional Nature of Professional Policy Analysis

10.2139/ssrn.15462511-2

Methodology for multi-criteria analysis of urban mobility focused on trip motivations

International audienceEnvironmental Impacts of Commuter Trips using Motivation Perspective - a case study of Global Warming Impact in Saint-Etienne

Adapting life cycle assessment for multi-criteria analysis of a complex system: case study of urban mobility

http://berlin.setac.eu/embed/Berlin/Abstractbook1_Part2.pdfInternational audienceUrban mobility is identified as one of the most CO2 emitters in France: transport represents 34% of CO2 emissions in France in 2006 (ADEME 2006), including 25% of urban trip emissions. Some previous studies compare transport modes (Finkbeiner & Al. 2006), or assess CO2 emissions that are related to urban mobility on a real case (INSEE 2011). But literature is lacking about multi-criteria analysis of urban mobility in the general case. In particular, Life Cycle Assessment has not been largely used to qualify urban mobility impacts despite its possibility to evaluate the environmental impact (ISO14040, 2006). Nevertheless, the complexity of the system "urban mobility"is a first difficulty to the evaluation, especially concerning the definition of goal and scope. The main topic of this poster is to find out a way to complete and adapt LCA in order to enable the evaluation of a complex system under the case study of urban mobility. We propose an approach based on the System Analysis Design Technique (SADT) that allows a clear and complete definition of the "urban mobility"system. Then the possibility to include more societal indicators beyond the environmental ones (such as noise, satisfaction of consumers, time travel, costs etc) will be studied. The final aim is to provide a configurable dynamic system to evaluate different scenarios of urban mobility. The first results consist of a complete definition of the system that is based on a segmentation of urban mobility into sub-systems that constitute the "goal and objectives"step in LCA. This decomposition prepares to the next step of LCA, in which modal splits will be aggregated with elementary assessments of modes to obtain a multi-criteria analysis for several scenarios

Global warming impact assessment of urban mobility using motivation trip perspective - a case study of Saint-Etienne, France

International audienceThe anthropogenic origin of environmental impacts has become an increasing subject of interest during the last decades. Especially, the impacts of the transportation sector on Climate Change has been widely demonstrated and studied. Numerous methodologies have been proposed to calculate Greenhouse Gas emissions due to goods and passenger trips. This paper aims at proposing a methodology taken into account both the idea of trip motivation and indirect emissions of transportation. It proposes a case study: the trips of Saint-Etienne Metropole inhabitants during the week. If the results tend to confirm the major contribution of car in total GHG emissions, it also gives prominence to the disparities that occur when travelling one kilometre for one or another reason. These differences can originate from parameters that can vary in function of the motivation (such as the occupancy rates of transport modes) or from modal splits that also are peculiar to it

Observance of Sterilization Protocol Guideline Procedures of Critical Instruments for Preventing Iatrogenic Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Dental Practice in France, 2017

Effective sterilization of reusable instruments contaminated by Creutzfeldt&ndash;Jakob disease in dental care is a crucial issue for public health. The present cross-sectional study investigated how the recommended procedures for sterilization were implemented by French dental practices in real-world settings. A sample of dental practices was selected in the French Rh&ocirc;ne-Alpes region. Data were collected by a self-questionnaire in 2016. Sterilization procedures (n = 33) were classified into 4 groups: (1) Pre-sterilization cleaning of reusable instruments; (2) Biological verification of sterilization cycles&mdash;Monitoring steam sterilization procedures; (3) Autoclave performance and practitioner knowledge of autoclave use; (4) Monitoring and documentation of sterilization procedures&mdash;Tracking and tracing the instrumentation. Answers were provided per procedure, along with the global implementation of procedures within a group (over 80% correctly performed). Then it was verified how adherence to procedure groups varied with the size of the dental practice and the proportion of dental assistants within the team. Among the 179 questionnaires available for the analyses, adherence to the recommended procedures of sterilization noticeably varied between practices, from 20.7% to 82.6%. The median percentages of procedures correctly implemented per practice were 58.1%, 50.9%, 69.2% and 58.2%, in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (corresponding percentages for performing over 80% of the procedures in the group: 23.4%, 6.6%, 46.6% and 38.6%). Dental practices &ge; 3 dental units performed significantly better (&gt;80%) procedures of Groups 2 and 4 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively), while no other significant associations emerged. As a rule, practices complied poorly with the recommended procedures, despite partially improved results in bigger practices. Specific training regarding sterilization procedures and a better understanding of the reasons leading to their non-compliance are needed

Species-specific responses to forest soil inoculum in planted trees in an abandoned agricultural field

Tree plantations are commonly used to restore abandoned agricultural fields with varying degrees of success. Agricultural soils differ from forest soils in nutrient availability and microbial communities. The objective of this study was to test the effect of adding small amounts of forest soil on the survival, growth and rates of mycorrhizal fungal colonization of trees planted in an abandoned agricultural field over the crucial first three growing seasons. Seedlings of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and two ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species were planted in an abandoned agricultural field. Soil inocula were taken from four forest stands, each dominated by one of the planted species. Half of the soil samples were sterilized before inoculation to distinguish microbial from nutrient effects. The effect of the quantity of soil inoculum added was tested using 300 and 1500 ml of forest soil. Tree mortality was low and did not vary between treatments. The growth of EM tree species responded, positively or negatively, to forest soil inoculation. A negative feedback was detected on the growth of red oak seedlings inoculated with red oak soil. Seedlings inoculated with EM sterilized soils were smaller than control seedlings, presumably due to lower nutrient availability of EM forest soils compared to agricultural field soil. The majority of the effects, either positive or negative, were observed the first year. After three seasons of growth, only yellow birch seedlings that had received 1500 ml of non-sterilized red oak soil still benefited from soil inoculation. More research is needed in nutrient-limited soils to determine whether inoculation would have greater or longer term benefits on tree survival and growth

Étude sur les facteurs de risque des blessures survenant dans les parcs de planche à roulette

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