Microflora subgingival en periodontitis crónica y agresiva en Bogotá, Colombia: un acercamiento epidemiológico

Introduction. Periodontitis-associated microbiotas differ in regions around the world and vary with a variety of factors. This suggests that each country must establish its own dental microbiobiotic profile in order to formulate adequate prevention measures and more specific treatments.Objective. The prevalence and proportions of the following microorganisms were investigated: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Micromonas micros, Fusobacterium spp, Dialister pneumosintes and enteric rods. The patients selected had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis from clinical populations in Bogotá, Colombia. The variables of age, gender and socioeconomic level were included in the comparisons.Materials and methods. 183 patients were classified in two groups, chronic periodontitis (n=84) and aggressive periodontitis (n=59); 40 healthy subjects were selected for comparison. A pooled subgingival plaque sample was obtained from the 6 deepest periodontal pockets in every patient and processed by culture for the isolation and identification of bacteria. Results. In chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp and E. corrodens showed high and similar prevalence, whereas M. micros, A. actinomycetemcomitans, D. pneumosintes and enteric rods (commonly from the tribe Klebsielleae) showed less and similar prevalence. In the healthy group, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus and Fusobacterium spp showed high frequency whereas M. micros and E. corrodens showed moderate frequency.Conclusions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp. and E. corrodens are important constituents of the microbiologic profile of the periodontitis in Colombian populations. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found more frequently than A. actinomycetemcomitans in aggressive periodontitis.Introducción. Los microorganismos involucrados en la periodontitis varían en cada región dependiendo de diferentes factores. Por ello cada país debe establecer su propio perfil microbiológico con el objeto de proponer esquemas adecuados de prevención y tratamiento. Objetivo. Investigar la presencia y concentración subgingival de Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Micromonas micros, Fusobacterium spp, Dialister pneumosintes y bacilos entéricos en pacientes con periodontitis en una población colombiana considerando edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 183 pacientes: 84 con periodontitis crónica, 59 con periodontitis agresiva y 40 individuos sanos. De cada paciente se obtuvo un grupo de muestras de los seis sitios con mayor profundidad de bolsa que se procesaron por cultivo para el aislamiento e identificación de las bacterias.Resultados. En periodontitis crónica y agresiva se detectaron con alta y similar frecuencia P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp y E. corrodens y con menor y similar frecuencia, M. micros, A. actinomycetemcomitans, D. pneumosintes y bacilos entéricos, principalmente de la tribu Klebsielleae. En los sujetos sanos se encontraron con frecuencia elevada P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus y Fusobacterium spp y con frecuencia moderada, M. micros y E. corrodens.Conclusión. Los resultados indican que P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp y E. corrodens constituyen parte importante del perfil microbiológicode las periodontitis en la población colombiana. En la periodontitis agresiva, P. gingivalis se encontró más frecuentemente que A. actinomycetemcomitans

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

The role of periodontopathogens in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction is not known. This study characterizes a three-dimensional model with human coronary artery endothelial cells on three-dimensional (HCAEC-3D) type I collagen scaffolds to evaluate whether infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces a proinflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis. The HCAEC-3D culture was physicochemically characterized with regard to biocompatibility and barrier function. Then, the culture was infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans strain ATCC 29522 at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 1:1, 1:10, and 1:100. Cultures without infection and stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide were used as controls. The secretion of soluble factors (IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1, IL-8, IL-1α, and TNF-α) was evaluated via flow cytometry; TGF-β1 was evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adhesion and migration of fluorescent human THP-1 monocytes was evaluated. IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-6 secretion increased in a dose-dependent manner with A. actinomycetemcomitans infection and was significantly greater than that under control treatment. The concentration of TGF-β1 was significantly higher at MOI 1:100 than in controls. Treatment of the 3D cultures with A. actinomycetemcomitans at different MOIs induced significant differences in the adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium compared to the control without infection. Lastly, conditioned media from 3D cultures treated with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced monocyte migration. The effects of IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 on the endothelium indicate the ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to induce an inflammatory response through a mechanism of monocyte adhesion and migration and endothelial dysfunction

Comparison of Cell Viability and Chemical Composition of Six Latest Generation Orthodontic Wires

Orthodontic wires are made of alloys containing different metals, including nickel. It is important to evaluate their biocompatibility prior to use, owing to their long-term use in patients. This in vitro study compared the cytotoxicity and chemical composition of six latest orthodontic wires: Fantasia®, Tanzo®, FLI®, NT3®, DuoForce®, and Gummetal®. The before-use group consisted of wires that were not used in the mouth, and the after-use group consisted of wires that were used in the mouth for two months. The wires were placed in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) for 72 h, and cytotoxicity was determined using the resazurin test. The chemical composition and surface characterisation were evaluated by spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The groups were compared using ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test. Only the FLI® wires produced a 36% reduction in HGF viability (p<0.05) and presented greater irregularities and loss of polymer structure. After-use wires showed a significant reduction in the percentage of nickel and the appearance of new elements (oxygen and carbon). Therefore, it can be concluded that no toxic ion release was noticed in this study. Rhodium-coated wires were more stable than PTFE-coated wires, and only the FLI® wires showed a slight cytotoxic effect

Enfermedad periodontal en individuos con riesgo genético de desarrollar artritis y artritis reumatoide temprana: un estudio transversal

8 páginasBackground: Recent consensus emphasizes the importance of studying individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis (pre-RA) and those with early RA (eRA). Periodontal tissues have been recently evaluated, but these studies are limited. To evaluate the periodontal condition, immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclasses against Porphyromonas gingivalis in individuals with pre-RA and eRA were compared with controls to establish an association between periodontal infection markers and rheumatic activity. Methods: Rheumatologic and periodontal condition was evaluated in 119 individuals with pre-RA, 48 patients with eRA, and matched controls. P. gingivalis IgG1 and IgG2 were analyzed. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and RA activity were measured. The groups were compared with McNemar test and paired t-test. Conditional logistic regression was performed for pre-RA confounders, and χ2 test was used to evaluate periodontal variables and RA activity indices. Results: Pre-RA individuals showed significantly higher levels of plaque index (P = 0.01) and bleeding on probing (P = 0.03) and higher severity of periodontal disease (P = 0.02). Periodontitis was associated with pre-RA (odds ratio, 3.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 7.01) but not with eRA. In pre-RA, P. gingivalis–specific IgG2 was associated with ACPAs (P = 0.049) and disease severity visual analog scale (P = 0.03). In eRA, IgG2 against P. gingivalis was associated with ESR (P = 0.046) and ACPAs (P = 0.04). P. gingivalis was associated with ACPAs (P = 0.04). Conclusions: This study shows that individuals with pre-RA have significant inflammatory periodontal involvement. There was a significant association between IgG against P. gingivalis and ACPAs in pre-RA and markers of RA activity in individuals with eRA.Antecedentes: el consenso reciente enfatiza la importancia de estudiar a los individuos con riesgo de artritis reumatoide (pre-AR) y aquellos con AR temprana (eRA). Los tejidos periodontales se han evaluado recientemente, pero estos estudios son limitados. Para evaluar la condición periodontal, las subclases de inmunoglobulina (Ig)G contra Porphyromonas gingivalis en individuos con pre-AR y eRA se compararon con controles para establecer una asociación entre los marcadores de infección periodontal y la actividad reumática. Métodos: Se evaluó la condición reumatológica y periodontal en 119 individuos con pre-AR, 48 pacientes con eRA y controles emparejados. Se analizaron P. gingivalis IgG1 e IgG2. Se midieron la proteína C reactiva, la velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG), el factor reumatoide, los anticuerpos contra la proteína citrulinada (ACPA) y la actividad de la AR. Los grupos se compararon con la prueba de McNemar y la prueba t pareada. Se realizó una regresión logística condicional para los factores de confusión previos a la AR y se utilizó la prueba de χ2 para evaluar las variables periodontales y los índices de actividad de la AR. Resultados: los individuos con AR previa mostraron niveles significativamente más altos de índice de placa (P = 0,01) y sangrado al sondaje (P = 0,03) y mayor gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal (P = 0,02). La periodontitis se asoció con pre-RA (odds ratio, 3,39; intervalo de confianza del 95 %, 1,64 a 7,01), pero no con eRA. En pre-AR, la IgG2 específica de P. gingivalis se asoció con ACPA (P = 0,049) y la escala analógica visual de gravedad de la enfermedad (P = 0,03). En eRA, IgG2 contra P. gingivalis se asoció con ESR (P = 0,046) y ACPA (P = 0,04). P. gingivalis se asoció con ACPA (P = 0,04). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que los individuos con pre-AR tienen una importante afectación periodontal inflamatoria. Hubo una asociación significativa entre IgG contra P. gingivalis y ACPA en pre-AR y marcadores de actividad de RA en individuos con eR

Intraoralelectrostimulator for xerostomia relief : along-term, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled, clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: A previous sham-controlled multinational study demonstrated the short-term efficacy and safety for xerostomia treatment of an intraoral device that delivers electrostimulation to the lingual nerve. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that those beneficial effects would be sustained over an 11-month period. STUDY DESIGN: The device was tested on a mixed sample of 94 patients with xerostomia in an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective multicenter trial. Statutory outcome assessments were done at 5th, 8th, and 11th months and analyzed by multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Improvements achieved at month 5 from baseline were sustained throughout the follow-up period for the primary outcome, xerostomia severity, and the secondary outcomes resting whole salivary flow rate, xerostomia frequency, oral discomfort, and difficulties in speech, swallowing, and sleeping. No significant side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects of a removable intraoral electrostimulating device were sustained for an 11-month period

Intraoral electrostimulator for xerostomia relief: a long-term, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled, clinical trial

Objective. A previous sham-controlled multinational study demonstrated the short-term efficacy and safety for xerostomia treatment of an intraoral device that delivers electrostimulation to the lingual nerve. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that those beneficial effects would be sustained over an 11-month period

Efficacy and Safety of an Intraoral Electrostimulation Device for Xerostomia Relief A Multicenter, Randomized Trial

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intraoral electrostimulation device, consisting of stimulating electrodes, an electronic circuit, and a power source, in treating xerostomia. The device delivers electrostimulation through the oral mucosa to the lingual nerve in order to enhance the salivary reflex