Causas del bajo rendimiento en los resultados económicos y estrategias de mejoramiento para la recuperación económica en el Hotel Bachué de la ciudad de Girardot

El objetivo del siguiente trabajo de investigación es dar a conocer la mejor estrategia para la recuperación económica en el Hotel Bachué de la ciudad de Girardot; encontrar la forma de prestar los servicios de la mejor manera, construyendo métodos y herramientas que garanticen un desarrollo adecuado y eficiente de las actividades. El trabajo se desarrolló a partir de una búsqueda en fuentes bibliográficas, consultando y recibiendo opiniones de profesionales en el área contable con experiencia en el sector hotelero, colaboradores del área administrativa y operativa del Hotel, así como algunos de los clientes; a través del desarrollo de una encuesta que se enfocó en obtener respuestas especificas acerca del funcionamiento del hotel, de las capacidades de su personal, de las actitudes relevantes para brindar un buen servicio, de las oportunidades y falencias en los procesos que manejan actualmente; además de realizar trabajo de campo, recolectando información acerca del hotel, como sus estatutos, sus manuales, su información organizacional y su funcionamiento en general. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la necesidad de realizar e implementar una manual de procesos, iniciando con el área de recepción, ya que esta área es la primera en tener contacto directo con el cliente y/o consumidor, esta estandarización ayudara a que la comunicación de la alta dirección con el resto de los miembros de la entidad sea de manera clara y efectiva, incrementando la eficiencia, reduciendo costos y cerrando la brecha del error, en este ámbito los beneficios se verían reflejados en todos los implicados (Organización, colaboradores y clientes)

Ultrasonic monitoring of early larval development of fish in tanks. Case study: Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

[EN] Swimbladder inflation is a significant matter in intensive fish farming, since it is related to larval survival rate and the morphological quality of individuals. In this work, we propose a non-invasive acoustic technique using ultrasound to monitor the swimbladder development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in tanks. The fundamental hypothesis is that, due to the high acoustic contrast of gas, the swimbladder¿s inflation process can be detected by measuring the larvae¿s target strength during their early development. Backscatter numerical models using the finite element method, developed from biological measurement data, were applied to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. The acoustic measurements were obtained using an EK60 Simrad echosounder working at 200 kHz. The target strength values were evidenced with and without the presence of a developed swimbladder, showing a statistically significant relationship with the swimbladder¿s standard length, area and the percentage of larvae with a swimbladder. The experiments were carried out in the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO)¿s marine aquaculture plant at Mazarrón (Murcia, Spain).This work was supported by funding from Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Valencia Government) through the AICO/2020/064 project and the Spanish Government through ACUSTUNA project ref. CTM2015-70446-R (MINECO/ERDF, EU) , financing the experimental work carried out in the context of the competitive access ACUSTUNA in the ICTS-ICAR ( www.icar.ieo.es)Ladino-Velásquez, A.; Puig Pons, V.; Espinosa Roselló, V.; Pérez Arjona, I.; De La Gandara García, F.; Ortega, A. (2022). Ultrasonic monitoring of early larval development of fish in tanks. Case study: Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Aquacultural Engineering. 98:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2022.1022631119

Ultrasonic monitoring of early larval development of fish in tanks. Case study: Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Swimbladder inflation is a significant matter in intensive fish farming, since it is related to larval survival rate and the morphological quality of individuals. In this work, we propose a non-invasive acoustic technique using ultrasound to monitor the swimbladder development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in tanks. The fundamental hypothesis is that, due to the high acoustic contrast of gas, the swimbladder’s inflation process can be detected by measuring the larvae’s target strength during their early development. Backscatter numerical models using the finite element method, developed from biological measurement data, were applied to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. The acoustic measurements were obtained using an EK60 Simrad echosounder working at 200 kHz. The target strength values were evidenced with and without the presence of a developed swimbladder, showing a statistically significant relationship with the swimbladder’s standard length, area and the percentage of larvae with a swimbladder. The experiments were carried out in the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO)’s marine aquaculture plant at Mazarr´on (Murcia, Spain)

Using ultrasound for the monitoring and control of larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in tanks

In this work, we propose a non-invasive acoustic technique using ultrasound for the monitoring and control of larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in tanks. Biological measurements and target strength (TS) measurements have been carried out using a EK60 Simrad echosounder working at 200 kHz. The experiments have been carried out for three consecutive years in the marine aquaculture plant that Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) has at Mazarron (Murcia, Spain). For the interpretation of the results, backscatter models were considered using the finite element method. The target strength values were evidenced with and without the presence of the developed swimbladder, showing a statistically significant relationship with the standard length, the area of the swimbladder and the percentage of larvae with a swimbladder

Las migraciones bolivianas en la encrucijada interdisciplinar : evolución, cambios y tendencias

Esta obra reúne los trabajos de un conjunto de investigadoras e investigadores que, desde diversas disciplinas (sociología, geografía, historia, demografía) y aproximaciones metodológicas, han abordado el estudio de las migraciones bolivianas y sus impactos. A partir de estudios de caso llevados a cabo en diferentes contextos, los autores de esta obra cubren un amplio espectro de zonas geográficas y permiten avanzar hacia una comprensión transnacional de las dinámicas migratorias, desde un campo de observación que asume que las personas migrantes están inmersas en espacios sociales transnacionales, multi-locales, que afectan tanto a quienes emigran como a los que permanecen en las zonas de origen

Hydrodynamic Regulation of Monocyte Inflammatory Response to an Intracellular Pathogen

Systemic bacterial infections elicit inflammatory response that promotes acute or chronic complications such as sepsis, arthritis or atherosclerosis. Of interest, cells in circulation experience hydrodynamic shear forces, which have been shown to be a potent regulator of cellular function in the vasculature and play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. In this study, we have examined the effect of shear forces due to blood flow in modulating the inflammatory response of cells to infection. Using an in vitro model, we analyzed the effects of physiological levels of shear stress on the inflammatory response of monocytes infected with chlamydia, an intracellular pathogen which causes bronchitis and is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. We found that chlamydial infection alters the morphology of monocytes and trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6. We also found that the exposure of chlamydia-infected monocytes to short durations of arterial shear stress significantly enhances the secretion of cytokines in a time-dependent manner and the expression of surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1. As a functional consequence, infection and shear stress increased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells under flow and in the activation and aggregation of platelets. Overall, our study demonstrates that shear stress enhances the inflammatory response of monocytes to infection, suggesting that mechanical forces may contribute to disease pathophysiology. These results provide a novel perspective on our understanding of systemic infection and inflammation

Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Womersley, F. C., Humphries, N. E., Queiroz, N., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Furtado, M., Tyminski, J. P., Abrantes, K., Araujo, G., Bach, S. S., Barnett, A., Berumen, M. L., Bessudo Lion, S., Braun, C. D., Clingham, E., Cochran, J. E. M., de la Parra, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A. D. M., Dudgeon, C. L., Erdmann, M. V., Espinoza, E., Fitzpatrick, R., González Cano, J., Green, J. R., Guzman, H. M., Hardenstine, R., Hasan, A., Hazin, F. H. V., Hearn, A. R., Hueter, R. E., Jaidah, M. Y., Labaja, J., Ladinol, F., Macena, B. C. L., Morris Jr., J. J., Norman, B. M., Peñaherrera-Palmav, C., Pierce, S. J., Quintero, L. M., Ramırez-Macías, D., Reynolds, S. D., Richardson, A. J., Robinson, D. P., Rohner, C. A., Rowat, D. R. L., Sheaves, M., Shivji, M. S., Sianipar, A. B., Skomal, G. B., Soler, G., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S. R., Webb, D. H., Wetherbee, B. M., White, T. D., Clavelle, T., Kroodsma, D. A., Thums, M., Ferreira, L. C., Meekan, M. G., Arrowsmith, L. M., Lester, E. K., Meyers, M. M., Peel, L. R., Sequeira, A. M. M., Eguıluz, V. M., Duarte, C. M., & Sims, D. W. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(20), (2022): e2117440119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119.Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic.Funding for data analysis was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through a University of Southampton INSPIRE DTP PhD Studentship to F.C.W. Additional funding for data analysis was provided by NERC Discovery Science (NE/R00997/X/1) and the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2019 883583 OCEAN DEOXYFISH) to D.W.S., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/BIA/28855/2017 and COMPETE POCI-01–0145-FEDER-028855, and MARINFO–NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000031 (funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program [NORTE2020] under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund–ERDF) to N.Q. FCT also supported N.Q. (CEECIND/02857/2018) and M.V. (PTDC/BIA-COM/28855/2017). D.W.S. was supported by a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship. All tagging procedures were approved by institutional ethical review bodies and complied with all relevant ethical regulations in the jurisdictions in which they were performed. Details for individual research teams are given in SI Appendix, section 8. Full acknowledgments for tagging and field research are given in SI Appendix, section 7. This research is part of the Global Shark Movement Project (https://www.globalsharkmovement.org)

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030