Préparation d'un état de chat dans une architecture de l'électrodynamique quantique en circuit

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire portent sur l'élaboration d'une plateforme expérimentale permettant la création d'états de chats qui sont des candidats prometteurs pour l'implémentation de codes de correction d'erreurs. Ces états ont été créés dans une architecture d'électrodynamique quantique en circuit dans laquelle un qubit ancillaire permet le contrôle et la manipulation de l'état de chat encodé dans un oscillateur harmonique. Dans cette architecture, les photons micro-ondes d'une cavité de haute qualité interagissent avec un qubit supraconducteur de type transmon en régime dispersif permettent l'encodage de tels états. Pour opérer ce dispositif, un montage expérimental permettant le contrôle du qubit ancillaire et de la cavité ainsi que la lecture dispersive du qubit a été mis en œuvre. Les états de chats sont encodés à l'aide du protocole qcMAP, un protocole tiré de la littérature. Pour y parvenir, différentes techniques de caractérisation ont été utilisées permettant d'extraire les propriétés pertinentes à l'opération du dispositif et l'implémentation de ce protocole. La tomographie de l'état à chaque étape du protocole permet de confirmer qu'il est possible d'implémenter des états de chats avec la méthode expérimentale présentée. Cela démontre aussi qu'il est possible d'effectuer les portes permettant le contrôle de la cavité et du qubit ancillaire. Le contrôle de la phase de l'état de chat confirme qu'il est possible de faire du contrôle cohérent, ce qui ouvre la porte à la création d'états plus complexes. Puis finalement, une modification de la taille de l'état de chat permet d'en apprendre davantage sur les mécanismes venant affecter la fidélité. La fidélité maximale de l'état de chat F=0.85 est principalement limitée par la décohérence du qubit ancillaire utilisé pour l'encodage de l'état. Finalement, ces travaux ont permis d'ouvrir la porte sur l'implémentation expérimentale de codes bosoniques à l'Université de Sherbrooke et à l'Institut Quantique

In vivo selection of engineered homing endonucleases using double-strand break induced homologous recombination

Homing endonucleases, endonucleases capable of recognizing long DNA sequences, have been shown to be a tool of choice for precise and efficient genome engineering. Consequently, the possibility to engineer novel endonucleases with tailored specificities is under strong investigation. In this report, we present a simple and efficient method to select meganucleases from libraries of variants, based on their cleavage properties. The method has the advantage of directly selecting for the ability to induce double-strand break induced homologous recombination in a eukaryotic environment. Model selections demonstrated high levels of enrichments. Moreover, this method compared favorably with phage display for enrichment of active mutants from a mutant library. This approach makes possible the exploration of large sequence spaces and thereby represents a valuable tool for genome engineering

Production of a bilayered self-assembled skin substitute using a tissue-engineered acellular dermal matrix

Our bilayered self-assembled skin substitutes (SASS) are skin substitutes showing a structure and functionality very similar to native human skin. These constructs are used, in life-threatening burn wounds, as permanent autologous grafts for the treatment of such affected patients even though their production is exacting. We thus intended to shorten their current production time to improve their clinical applicability. A self-assembled decellularized dermal matrix (DM) was used. It allowed the production of an autologous skin substitute from patient's cells. The characterization of SASS reconstructed using a decellularized dermal matrix (SASS-DM) was performed by histology, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and uniaxial tensile analysis. Using the SASS-DM, it was possible to reduce the standard production time from about 8 to 4 and a half weeks. The structure, cell differentiation, and mechanical properties of the new skin substitutes were shown to be similar to the SASS. The decellularization process had no influence on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the DM. This model, by enabling the production of a skin substitute in a shorter time frame without compromising its intrinsic tissue properties, represents a promising addition to the currently available burn and wound treatments

Autonomous quantum error correction of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code encodes a logical qubit into a bosonic system with resilience against single-photon loss, the predominant error in most bosonic systems. Here we present experimental results demonstrating quantum error correction of GKP states based on reservoir engineering of a superconducting device. Error correction is made autonomous through an unconditional reset of an auxiliary transmon qubit. The lifetime of the logical qubit is shown to be increased from quantum error correction, therefore reaching the point at which more errors are corrected than generated.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures + 26 pages, 12 figure

Randomized controlled study of the effect of a butter naturally enriched in trans fatty acids on blood lipids in healthy women123

Background: Whereas the negative effect of consuming trans fatty acids found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well established, the effect of trans fatty acids from ruminant sources (rTFAs) on CVD risk factors has not yet been established, particularly among women

Close 3D proximity of evolutionary breakpoints argues for the notion of spatial synteny

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Folding and intermingling of chromosomes has the potential of bringing close to each other loci that are very distant genomically or even on different chromosomes. On the other hand, genomic rearrangements also play a major role in the reorganisation of loci proximities. Whether the same loci are involved in both mechanisms has been studied in the case of somatic rearrangements, but never from an evolutionary standpoint.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, we analysed the correlation between two datasets: (i) whole-genome chromatin contact data obtained in human cells using the Hi-C protocol; and (ii) a set of breakpoint regions resulting from evolutionary rearrangements which occurred since the split of the human and mouse lineages. Surprisingly, we found that two loci distant in the human genome but adjacent in the mouse genome are significantly more often observed in close proximity in the human nucleus than expected. Importantly, we show that this result holds for loci located on the same chromosome regardless of the genomic distance separating them, and the signal is stronger in gene-rich and open-chromatin regions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings strongly suggest that part of the 3D organisation of chromosomes may be conserved across very large evolutionary distances. To characterise this phenomenon, we propose to use the notion of spatial synteny which generalises the notion of genomic synteny to the 3D case.</p

Potentiel diagnostique et thérapeutique des microARN (application au carcinome médullaire de la thyroïde)

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Complications following surgeries for endometriosis: A systematic review protocol.

BackgroundEndometriosis is a common gynecological condition with a wide range of symptoms, including infertility, dyspareunia, intestinal disorders, and pelvic pain. Laparoscopy and laparotomy are used widely for diagnosing and managing endometriosis. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aims of reporting complications rates following each type of surgeries for endometriosis and determinants of complications.MethodWe will search Medline (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for both retrospective and prospective cohorts or trials of at least 30 participants reporting perioperative and postoperative complications for endometriosis surgeries. We will restrict the studies to those conducted after 2011, to be representative of current practices, and will exclude studies of surgeries for gynecological cancer, or other concomitant benign gynecologic surgeries such as myomectomy. Two reviewers will independently screen references and select eligible studies. A standardized form will be used to collect data related to the baseline characteristics, potential determinants of complications, types of interventions, and outcomes. Cumulative incidences of complications will be pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method. The relation between potential determinants and complications will be reported with risk ratios and their 95% of confidence intervals. Subgroup analysis of surgical approach, surgical procedure, superficial and deep infiltrating endometriosis, and the indication of surgery will be conducted. Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with low risk of bias will be performed.DiscussionThis systematic review will provide information on the rates of complications for different surgical approaches and procedures for the treatment of endometriosis. It will contribute to inform patients when making decisions regarding their care. Identifying potential determinants of complications will also help to improve care by identifying women being at higher risk of complications.Trial registrationSystematic review registration: CRD42021293865

What can we learn by including autistic people in the scientific process?

International audienc