1,203 research outputs found
Transport Mean Free Path for Magneto-Transverse Light Diffusion
We derive an expression for the transport mean free path
associated with magneto-transverse light diffusion for a random collection of
Faraday-active
Mie scatterers. This expression relates the magneto-transverse diffusion in
multiple scattering directly to the magneto-transverse scattering of a single
scatterer.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, Latex, accepted for publication in Europhysics
Letter
Coherent Backscattering of light in a magnetic field
This paper describes how coherent backscattering is altered by an external
magnetic field. In the theory presented, magneto-optical effects occur inside
Mie scatterers embedded in a non-magnetic medium. Unlike previous theories
based on point-like scatterers, the decrease of coherent backscattering is
obtained in leading order of the magnetic field using rigorous Mie theory. This
decrease is strongly enhanced in the proximity of resonances, which cause the
path length of the wave inside a scatterer to be increased. Also presented is a
novel analysis of the shape of the backscattering cone in a magnetic field.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, Revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Fluctuations of a driven membrane in an electrolyte
We develop a model for a driven cell- or artificial membrane in an
electrolyte. The system is kept far from equilibrium by the application of a DC
electric field or by concentration gradients, which causes ions to flow through
specific ion-conducting units (representing pumps, channels or natural pores).
We consider the case of planar geometry and Debye-H\"{u}ckel regime, and obtain
the membrane equation of motion within Stokes hydrodynamics. At steady state,
the applied field causes an accumulation of charges close to the membrane,
which, similarly to the equilibrium case, can be described with renormalized
membrane tension and bending modulus. However, as opposed to the equilibrium
situation, we find new terms in the membrane equation of motion, which arise
specifically in the out-of-equilibrium case. We show that these terms lead in
certain conditions to instabilities.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. submitted to Europhys. Let
Integrated Thermal Protection Systems and Heat Resistant Structures
In the early stages of NASA's Exploration Initiative, Snecma Propulsion Solide was funded under the Exploration Systems Research & Technology program to develop a CMC heatshield, a deployable decelerator, and an ablative heat shield for reentry vehicles. Due to changes within NASA's Exploration Initiative, this task was cancelled in early FY06. This paper will give an overview of the work that was accomplished prior to cancellation. The Snecma team consisted of MT Aerospace, Germany, and Materials Research & Design (MR&D), NASA Langley, NASA Dryden, and NASA Ames in the United States. An Apollo-type capsule was chosen as the reference vehicle for the work. NASA Langley generated the trajectory and aerothermal loads. Snecma and MT Aerospace began the design of a ceramic aft heatshield (CAS) utilizing C/SiC panels as the capsule heatshield. MR&D led the design of a C/SiC deployable decelerator, NASA Ames led the characterization of several ablators, NASA Dryden led the development of a heath management system and the high temperature structures testing, and NASA Langley led the insulation characterization. Though the task was pre-maturely cancelled, a significant quantity of work was accomplished
Effective zero-thickness model for a conductive membrane driven by an electric field
The behavior of a conductive membrane in a static (DC) electric field is
investigated theoretically. An effective zero-thickness model is constructed
based on a Robin-type boundary condition for the electric potential at the
membrane, originally developed for electrochemical systems. Within such a
framework, corrections to the elastic moduli of the membrane are obtained,
which arise from charge accumulation in the Debye layers due to capacitive
effects and electric currents through the membrane and can lead to an
undulation instability of the membrane. The fluid flow surrounding the membrane
is also calculated, which clarifies issues regarding these flows sharing many
similarities with flows produced by induced charge electro-osmosis (ICEO).
Non-equilibrium steady states of the membrane and of the fluid can be
effectively described by this method. It is both simpler, due to the zero
thickness approximation which is widely used in the literature on fluid
membranes, and more general than previous approaches. The predictions of this
model are compared to recent experiments on supported membranes in an electric
field.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Local Optimal Sets and Bounded Archiving on Multi-objective NK-Landscapes with Correlated Objectives
The properties of local optimal solutions in multi-objective combinatorial
optimization problems are crucial for the effectiveness of local search
algorithms, particularly when these algorithms are based on Pareto dominance.
Such local search algorithms typically return a set of mutually nondominated
Pareto local optimal (PLO) solutions, that is, a PLO-set. This paper
investigates two aspects of PLO-sets by means of experiments with Pareto local
search (PLS). First, we examine the impact of several problem characteristics
on the properties of PLO-sets for multi-objective NK-landscapes with correlated
objectives. In particular, we report that either increasing the number of
objectives or decreasing the correlation between objectives leads to an
exponential increment on the size of PLO-sets, whereas the variable correlation
has only a minor effect. Second, we study the running time and the quality
reached when using bounding archiving methods to limit the size of the archive
handled by PLS, and thus, the maximum size of the PLO-set found. We argue that
there is a clear relationship between the running time of PLS and the
difficulty of a problem instance.Comment: appears in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN XIII,
Ljubljana : Slovenia (2014
Local Optimal Sets and Bounded Archiving on Multi-objective NK-Landscapes with Correlated Objectives
The properties of local optimal solutions in multi-objective combinatorial
optimization problems are crucial for the effectiveness of local search
algorithms, particularly when these algorithms are based on Pareto dominance.
Such local search algorithms typically return a set of mutually nondominated
Pareto local optimal (PLO) solutions, that is, a PLO-set. This paper
investigates two aspects of PLO-sets by means of experiments with Pareto local
search (PLS). First, we examine the impact of several problem characteristics
on the properties of PLO-sets for multi-objective NK-landscapes with correlated
objectives. In particular, we report that either increasing the number of
objectives or decreasing the correlation between objectives leads to an
exponential increment on the size of PLO-sets, whereas the variable correlation
has only a minor effect. Second, we study the running time and the quality
reached when using bounding archiving methods to limit the size of the archive
handled by PLS, and thus, the maximum size of the PLO-set found. We argue that
there is a clear relationship between the running time of PLS and the
difficulty of a problem instance.Comment: appears in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN XIII,
Ljubljana : Slovenia (2014
Experiments on local search for bi-objective unconstrained binary quadratic programming
International audienceThis article reports an experimental analysis on stochastic local search for approximating the Pareto set of bi-objective unconstrained binary quadratic programming problems. First, we investigate two scalarizing strategies that iteratively identify a high-quality solution for a sequence of sub-problems. Each sub-problem is based on a static or adaptive definition of weighted-sum aggregation coefficients, and is addressed by means of a state-of-the-art single-objective tabu search procedure. Next, we design a Pareto local search that iteratively improves a set of solutions based on a neighborhood structure and on the Pareto dominance relation. At last, we hybridize both classes of algorithms by combining a scalarizing and a Pareto local search in a sequential way. A comprehensive experimental analysis reveals the high performance of the proposed approaches, which substantially improve upon previous best-known solutions. Moreover, the obtained results show the superiority of the hybrid algorithm over non-hybrid ones in terms of solution quality, while requiring a competitive computational cost. In addition, a number of structural properties of the problem instances allow us to explain the main difficulties that the different classes of local search algorithms have to face
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