Mamiferos da Fazenda Nhumirim, sub-região de Nhecolándia, Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul : I - levantamento preliminar de espécies

Trabalho conduzido na Fazenda Nhumirim, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Pantanal, EMBRAPA, com auxílio da OEA - Organização dos Estados Americanos, através do CNPq, fornecido ao Dr. Cleber J.R. Alho (Conta nº 03-85-528-517-BR-1)The pantanal is one of the world's richest freshwater wetlands. The pantanal is located in the flood plain of the headwaters of the Paraguai river, covering 140,000km2. The habitats of the Pantanal are present in a complex mosaic. The major habitat types are: pockets of forests, called capão or cordilheira, seasonally flooded grasslands or campos, and permanent or temporary lagoons, called baías. The Pantanal harbors both rich and abundant mammal fauna. A survey was conducted at Fazenda Nhumirim, a research station run by the Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Pantanal (CPAP) in Corumbá, a research branch of EMBRAPA. The Fazenda covers an area of 4,310 ha in the sub-region of Nhecolândia, appoximately 150km east of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. The area receives an average annual rainfall of 1,022mm, and has a mean monthly temperature that varies between 29.1ºC (January) and 22.0ºC (June). Four routes were followed between two times during ten days of each month. The survey routes were covered on horseback by between two and four observers. Each route was followed and equal number of times in the morning and in the afternoon, to eliminate bias related to the activity patterns of mammals. In order to evaluate relative abundance of nocturnal species, we also conducted a number of nocturnal censuses. These censuses were done by car; a high intensity searchlight was used to spot the animals. We also conducted a trap-mark-recapture survey of the small mammals at Fazenda Nhumirim. After the census period, we continued to collect observations on the occurrence of mammals at the Fazenda, noting wherever possible the kind of habitat in which the animals were observed. The survey identified a diversity of mammals at Fazenda Nhumirim: six orders, 14 families, 19 genera, and 20 species. Nasua nasua was the most frequently observed species during the diurnal census, accounting for 61.5 percent of all observations. Dusicyon (formely Cerdocyon) thous was the most frequently observed species on the nocturnal census (39.13%). The small mammal community of Fazenda Nhumirim is composed of seven species: one marsupial, four cricetine rodents and two echimyid rodents

Large and medium-sized mammals in the urban park Cinturão Verde, Cianorte, northwestern Paraná

We surveyed the composition of large and medium-sized mammals in the urban park Cinturão Verde in the city of Cianorte, Paraná, Brazil. This urban reserve is an important regional corridor for wildlife. Data were collected monthly during seven months for six days with track plots, camera traps, and visual searches for animals and sign. Richness estimates were calculated using Chao 2 and ICE estimators. Nineteen species of mammals in seven orders and 14 families were recorded. Although the area displays a high degree of disturbance, it supports the presence of important species for the fauna of northwestern Paraná, including state, regional and globally threatened species

Data from: Multi-scale effects of habitat structure and landscape context on a vertebrate with limited dispersal ability (the brown-throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus)​

As human population, food consumption, and demand for forest products continue to rise over the next century, the pressures of land use change on biodiversity are projected to intensify. In tropical regions, countryside habitats that retain abundant tree cover and structurally complex canopies may complement protected areas by providing suitable habitats and landscape connectivity for a significant portion of the native biota. Species with low dispersal capabilities are among the most at risk of extinction as a consequence of land use change. We assessed how the spatial distribution of the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), a model species for a vertebrate with limited dispersal ability, is shaped by differences in habitat structure and landscape patterns of countryside habitats in north-central Costa Rica using a multi-scale framework. We quantified the influence of local habitat characteristics and landscape context on sloth occurrence using mixed-effects logistic regression models. We recorded 27 sloths within countryside habitats and found that both local and landscape factors significantly influenced their spatial distribution. Locally, sloths favored structurally complex habitats, with greater canopy cover and variation in tree height and basal area. At the landscape scale, sloths demonstrated a preference for habitats with high proportions of forest and nearly large tracts of forest. Although mixed-use areas and tree plantations are not substitutes for protected forests, our results suggest they provide important supplemental habitats for sloths. To promote the conservation and long-term viability of sloth populations in the tropical countryside, we recommend for land managers to retain structurally complex vegetation and large patches of native habitat

GIS methodologies for developing conservation strategies : tropical forest recovery and wildlife management in Costa Rica /

Includes bibliographical references and index

Microcavia shiptoni

9. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy Microcavia shiptoni French: Cobaye de Shipton / German: Shipton-Zwergmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de Shipton Taxonomy. Nanocavia shiptoni Thomas, 1925, “Laguna Blanca, Catamarca. Alttude 3400 m,” Argentina. This species is monotypic. Distribution. NW Argentina, in the highlands of Salta, Catamarca, and Tucuman provinces. Descriptive notes. Head-body 186 mm (maximum 220 mm), ear 17 mm, hindfoot 37 mm; weight 150-220 g. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy is a small cavy. Back is dull brown to tawny, and venter is buffy white or whitish. Ears are short with fine buffy hairs. Habitat. Andean and pre-Andean shrublands at elevations of 3000-4500 m. Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but Shipton’s Mountain Cavy is no doubt herbivorous. Breeding. There is no information available for this species. Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy has a small and fragmented distribution. Overgrazing in the region is degrading habitat quality. Its distribution overlaps Los Cardones National Park, where it probably receives some protection from disturbance. Bibliography. Canevari & Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Mares et al. (1989), Redford & Eisenberg (1992), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2016, Caviidae, pp. 406-438 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 435, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.658551

Ctenomys tulduco Thomas 1921

66. Sierra Tontal Tuco-tuco Ctenomys tulduco French: Tuco-tuco du Tontal / German: Sierra-Tontal-Kammratte / Spanish: Tuco tuco de Tontal Taxonomy. Ctenomys tulduco Thomas, 1921, “Los Sombreros, Sierra Tontal, Alt. 2700 m,” Departamento Calinagasta, San Juan Province, Argentina, 31°33" S, 69°11’ W. Ctenomys tulduco is not classified in any species group. Karyotype and sperm form are unknown. Monotypic. Distribution. W Argentina (S San Juan Province), known only from its type locality. Descriptive notes. Head-body 190 mm, tail 69 mm, hindfoot 32-6 mm (all measurements from the adult male holotype). No specific data are available for body weight. The Sierra Tontal Tuco-tuco is moderately sized. Dorsum is drab gray, similar to the San Juan Tuco-tuco (C. johannis). Venter color is very drab as in the Puntilla Tuco-tuco (C. coludo). Tail of the Sierra Tontal Tuco-tuco is short, with black or blackish line along upper side, varying in definition but always more pronounced in related species. Skull is similar to but smaller than that of the San Juan Tucotuco. Bullae are small but still much larger than that of the Mendoza Tuco-tuco (C. mendocinus). Habitat. There is no information available for this species. Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species. Breeding. There is no information available for this species. Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Bidau (2015).Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2016, Ctenomyidae, pp. 498-534 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 533, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.658817

Ctenomys porteousi Thomas 1916

35. Cinnamon Tuco-tuco Ctenomys porteousi French: Tuco-tuco de Porteous / German: Zimtfarbene Kammratte / Spanish: Tuco tuco canela Other common names: Porteous’s Tuco-tuco Taxonomy. Ctenomys porteousi Thomas, 1916, “Bonifacio, SSW. Buenos Ayres Province, about 36°49’ S, 62° W.” Ctenomys porteousi belongs to the mendocinus-species group based on biogeography and mtDNA phylogeny. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 46-48 and FN = 71-73, and sperm form is simple asymmetric. Twelve different haplotypes have been found, determining a phylogeographic pattern. Monotypic. Distribution. EC Argentina (W Buenos Aires Province). Descriptive notes. Head—body 174-205 mm (average 186 mm), tail 68-89 mm (average 77 mm), hindfoot 28-33 mm (average 30 mm); weight 115-240 g (average 192 g). The Cinnamon Tuco-tuco is medium-sized. Dorsum is generally cinnamon-brown, lined with black. Mid-dorsum is dark, sometimes black, but not well defined. Top of muzzle and crown are black, and under parts are near grape-buff or drab, with hairs having dark slate bases. Upper surfaces of hands and feet are buffy whitish. Tail is dull whitish or pale brown, with darker terminal crest. Skull is large skull, with smooth crown; parietal ridges are imperceptible. Incisive foramina are medium-sized, and bullae are large. Upper incisors are proodont, with dark orange enamel. Habitat. Pampa ecoregion. Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species. Breeding. There is no information available for this species. Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Bidau (2015), Contreras & Bidau (1999), Contreras & Reig (1965), Mapelli et al. (2012), Massarini, Barros et al. (1991), Massarini, Dopazo et al. (1992), Parada et al. (2011), Vitullo et al. (1988).Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2016, Ctenomyidae, pp. 498-534 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 524, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.658817

Dasyprocta leporina

6. Common Red-rumped Agouti Dasyprocta leporina French: Agouti doré / German: Goldaguti / Spanish: Aguti de dorso rojo Other common names: Brazilian Agouti, Orange-rumped Agouti, Red-rumped Agouti Taxonomy. Mus leporinus Linnaeus, 1758, “Habitat in Java, Sumatra.” Corrected by A. M. Husson in 1978 to “forest near the boarding-school Peninika, near the confluence of the Peninika Creek and the upper Commewijnw River,” Commewijnw District, Suriname. There is considerable variation in color over backs and flanks of D. leporina, and multiple subspecies have been recognized in limited parts of its distribution, including cayana and flavescens. Two proposed taxa are included here in the synonymy of D. leporina: D. cristata named by E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1803 and D. rubrata named by O. Thomas in 1898. Taxonomic classification requires comprehensive study of geographical variation. Dasyprocta leporina was previously designated as D. aguti. Monotypic. Distribution. Throughout Guianan region, from N Venezuela (E of Lake Maracaibo) and the Guianas to N Brazil (N of the Amazon River and E of the Rio Negro), including Trinidad I, also in EC & E Brazil (S of the Amazon), from the Rio Madeira to the C coast. It has been introduced to the Lesser Antilles (Dominica, Grenada, and US Virgin Is). Descriptive notes. Head-body 470-650 mm, tail 10-30 mm, ear 40-50 mm, hindfoot 118-148 mm; weight 2.1-5.9 kg. The Common Red-rumped Agouti is variable but medium to large-sized. Color varies based on geographical location. Head and forequarters are finely grizzled olivaceous; rump is dark red to yellowish orange, covered by long,straight hairs that overhang rump in a fringe. Top of head, neck, and mid-back are blackish;crest has longer hairs. The Common Red-rumped Agoutiis distinguished from the Orange Agouti (D. croconota) by its bright orange rump, from the Black Agouti (D. fuliginosa) by its yellowish-red rump, from the Black-rumped Agouti (D. prymnolopha) by lacking black mid-dorsal stripe, and from Azara’s Agouti (D. azarae) by larger size and overall brownish color with yellow-orange rump. Habitat. Mature, disturbed, and secondary evergreen, deciduous, and gallery forest and gardens and plantations. In French Guiana, Common Red-rumped Agouti occur in all vegetation types but primarily in open forest, distant from water and dense vegetation. Food and Feeding. The Common Red-rumped Agouti eats fruit, nuts, and seeds.It is primarily diurnal but exhibits a bimodal activity pattern with a second phase of foraging in the late evening. Foraging activity varies in response to available resources and temperature, with foraging time dependent on forest age and tree structure. Breeding. Female Common Red-rumped Agoutis typically reproduce once per year, and although births may occur year-round, most are concentrated in the dry season. A study in French Guiana identified pregnancy peaks in November—April, beginning with the early rainy season and coinciding with an increase in the number offruiting trees. Litters are 1-3 young; gestation lasts 110-112 days. Neonates are precocial, being well furred and with eyes open at birth. Activity patterns. As is characteristic of all species of Dasyprocta, Common Red-rumped Agoutis are primarily diurnal but with bimodal activity patterns concentrated in early morning and late evening when a second phase of foraging occurs. They are most active in early morning and late afternoon. They are sometimes active on bright moonlit nights. Single individuals use diurnal and nocturnal resting places, with the number of these places varying by individual, not by sex or age. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Basic social unit of the Common Red-rumped Agoutiis the family of a breeding pair with their young-of-the-year. Subadult and juvenile males are either solitary or may group into small units of 2-3 individuals. Adult sex ratio is skewed in favor of females due to high mortality ofjuvenile males. Each family group occupies areas ¢.200 m in diameter, with groups separated by 50 m or less; there is intergroup territorial defense. Distributional pattern is clumped as a result of aggregation of individual home ranges. Site fidelity is nearly permanent over time. Individuals frequently use well-worn trails and travel in pairs or as a family group. Densities of Common Red-rumped Agoutis vary with forest type, and greater numbers of individuals might be found in fragmented patches rather than continuous forest. Consistent with longevity of family groups and clumped distribution, several separate mitochondrial maternal lineages might overlap within an area, even across relatively small geographical regions. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Red-rumped Agouti has a wide distribution and presumably large population and occurs in protected areas. Bibliography. Dubost (1988), Dubost et al. (2005), Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Emmons (1997a), Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1803), Henry (1997 1999), Husson (1978), Jorge (2008), Jorge & Peres (2005), Norris et al. (2010), Patton & Emmons (2015a), Thomas (1898b), van Vuuren et al. (2004), Weir (1971).Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2016, Dasyproctidae, pp. 440-461 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on pages 458-459, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.659521

Fukomys anselli

<p>11.</p> <p>Ansell’s Mole-rat</p> <p> <i>Fukomys anselli</i></p> <p> <b>French:</b> Bathyergue d/Ansell / <b>German:</b> Ansell-Graumull / <b>Spanish:</b> Rata topo de Ansell</p> <p> <b>Taxonomy.</b> Cryptomys anselli Burda et al., 1999,</p> <p>“Court of the Chainama Hills Golf Club in the north-eastern part of Lusaka, Zambia.”</p> <p>This species is monotypic.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> C Zambia, only near University of Lusaka (Ngwerere, Mungule, and Chinunyu).</p> <p> <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 109-135 mm (males) and 108-132 mm (females), tail 15-6-21-7 mm (males) and 13-9-22-9 mm (females); weight 80-126 g (males) and 65-102 g (females). Ansell’s Mole-rat is medium-sized;it has a cylindrical body and short legs and tail, with vibrissae on tail and feet. Dorsal pelage is dark gray to black, with white spot on head of variable size. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 68, FN = 79-82.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Sandy to clay soils in cultivated fields, gardens, and savanna—brushland.</p> <p> <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Ansell’s Mole-rat is herbivorous and eats bulbous roots, geophytes, and crops such as cassava; it does not drink standing water.</p> <p> <b>Breeding.</b> Breeding of Ansell’s Mole-rat is aseasonal. It is a cooperative breeder, with single breeding female and small number of males; breeders are the largest individuals in a colony. Litter size averages 2-7 young (range 1-4).</p> <p> <b>Activity patterns.</b> Ansell’s Mole-rats dig with their teeth and burrow more actively after rain. They show evidence of circadian rhythm.</p> <p> <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> Lengths of burrow tunnels of Ansell’s Mole-rats are 500-2800 m, and homes ranges are 1917-19,103 m*. Colonies of 6-16 individuals contain small numbers of reproductive and non-reproductive molerats. Odors are used to distinguish kin from non-kin.</p> <p> <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Ansell’s Mole-rats are harvested by humans and considered an agricultural pest.</p> <p> <b>Bibliography.</b> Amori & Cox (2008), Burda et al. (1999), De Vries et al. (2008), Heth et al. (2004), Monadjem et al. (2015), Sichilima etal. (2011), Skliba et al. (2012).</p>Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2016, Bathyergidae, pp. 352-370 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 369, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6584692">10.5281/zenodo.6584692</a&gt