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Thinking about a limited future enhances the positivity of younger and older adultsâ recall: support for socioemotional selectivity theory
Compared with younger adults, older adults have a relative preference to attend to and remember positive over negative information. This is known as the âpositivity effect,â and researchers have typically evoked socioemotional selectivity theory to explain it. According to socioemotional selectivity theory, as people get older they begin to perceive their time left in life as more limited. These reduced time horizons prompt older adults to prioritize achieving emotional gratification and thus exhibit increased positivity in attention and recall. Although this is the most commonly cited explanation of the positivity effect, there is currently a lack of clear experimental evidence demonstrating a link between time horizons and positivity. The goal of the current research was to address this issue. In two separate experiments, we asked participants to complete a writing activity, which directed them to think of time as being either limited or expansive (Experiments 1 and 2) or did not orient them to think about time in a particular manner (Experiment 2). Participants were then shown a series of emotional pictures, which they subsequently tried to recall. Results from both studies showed that regardless of chronological age, thinking about a limited future enhanced the relative positivity of participantsâ recall. Furthermore, the results of Experiment 2 showed that this effect was not driven by changes in mood. Thus, the fact that older adultsâ recall is typically more positive than younger adultsâ recall may index naturally shifting time horizons and goals with age
Delayed reconfiguration of a non-emotional task set through reactivation of an emotional task set in task switching: an ageing study
In our everyday life, we frequently switch between different tasks, a faculty that changes with age. However, it is still not understood how emotion impacts on age-related changes in task switching. Using faces with emotional and neutral expressions, Experiment 1 investigated younger (nâ=â29; 18â38 years old) and older adultsâ (nâ=â32; 61â80 years old) ability to switch between an emotional and a non-emotional task (i.e. responding to the face's expression vs. age). In Experiment 2, younger and older adults also viewed emotional and neutral faces, but switched between two non-emotional tasks (i.e. responding to the face's age vs. gender). Data from Experiment 1 demonstrated that switching from an emotional to a non-emotional task was slower when the expression of the new face was emotional rather than neutral. This impairment was observed in both age groups. In contrast, Experiment 2 revealed that neither younger nor older adults were affected by block-wise irrelevant emotion when switching between two non-emotional tasks. Overall, the findings suggest that task-irrelevant emotion can impair task switching through reactivation of the competing emotional task set. They also suggest that this effect and the ability to shield task-switching performance from block-wise irrelevant emotion are preserved in ageing
Age-related differences in valence and arousal ratings of pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Do ratings become more extreme with age?
Aging and consumer decision making
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90138/1/j.1749-6632.2011.06390.x.pd
Studying Children's Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies from the Process Model of Emotion Regulation
peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=vgnt2
Stability and Change in Affective Experience Across the Adult Life-Span: Analyses with a National Sample from Germany
Effects of parental imprisonment on child antisocial behaviour and mental health: a systematic review
Parental imprisonment can cause many problems for the family left behind,
including difficulty organising childcare, loss of family income, trouble maintaining
contact with the imprisoned parent, stigma, and home, school and neighbourhood
moves. Children and parents can be distressed by the separation. Children may
respond by acting out or becoming withdrawn, anxious or depressed. We conducted
an exhaustive search for studies that examined children's antisocial behaviour and
mental health after parental imprisonment. We found 16 studies with appropriate
evidence. These studies all showed that children of prisoners are more likely than
other children to show antisocial and mental health problems. However, it was
unclear whether parental imprisonment actually caused these problems. They might
have been caused by other disadvantages in children's lives that existed before
parental imprisonment occurred. Children of prisoners are a vulnerable group. More
research is required to determine whether or not parental imprisonment causes an
increase in child antisocial behaviour and mental health problems
Impacto na qualidade de vida e no estado depressivo de idosas participantes de uma universidade da terceira idade
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