Forêts de montagne et changement climatique : impacts et adaptation

Les impacts du changement climatique sur les forêts de montagne sont déjà perceptibles et les prévisions nous montrent, par leurs contradictions, la complexité des phénomènes en jeu. L’objectif de cette étude bibliographique est d’abord de caractériser les principaux effets du changement climatique, principalement dans les forêts alpines, puis de présenter différentes options d’adaptation devant permettre de conserver les services actuellement fournis par la forêt. L’épicéa, le sapin et le hêtre, dominants dans les Alpes françaises, y sont privilégiés

Significant increase in natural disturbance impacts on European forests since 1950

Over the last decades, the natural disturbance is increasingly putting pressure on European forests. Shifts in disturbance regimes may compromise forest functioning and the continuous provisioning of ecosystem services to society, including their climate change mitigation potential. Although forests are central to many European policies, we lack the long-term empirical data needed for thoroughly understanding disturbance dynamics, modeling them, and developing adaptive management strategies. Here, we present a unique database of >170,000 records of ground-based natural disturbance observations in European forests from 1950 to 2019. Reported data confirm a significant increase in forest disturbance in 34 European countries, causing on an average of 43.8 million m3 of disturbed timber volume per year over the 70-year study period. This value is likely a conservative estimate due to under-reporting, especially of small-scale disturbances. We used machine learning techniques for assessing the magnitude of unreported disturbances, which are estimated to be between 8.6 and 18.3 million m3/year. In the last 20 years, disturbances on average accounted for 16% of the mean annual harvest in Europe. Wind was the most important disturbance agent over the study period (46% of total damage), followed by fire (24%) and bark beetles (17%). Bark beetle disturbance doubled its share of the total damage in the last 20 years. Forest disturbances can profoundly impact ecosystem services (e.g., climate change mitigation), affect regional forest resource provisioning and consequently disrupt long-term management planning objectives and timber markets. We conclude that adaptation to changing disturbance regimes must be placed at the core of the European forest management and policy debate. Furthermore, a coherent and homogeneous monitoring system of natural disturbances is urgently needed in Europe, to better observe and respond to the ongoing changes in forest disturbance regimes

Construction d'une médiation entre connaissances scientifiques et action : deux expériences de lutte contre des maladies épidémiques en vergers dans le sud de la France

UMR BGPI Equipe 6National audienc

L’évolution de l’antibiorésistance chez le cheval entre 2016 et 2019

National audienc

Precipitation Kinetics in a Nb‐stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel

International audienceno abstrac

Precipitation Kinetics in a Nb‐stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel

International audienceno abstrac

Utilisation innovante du génie végétal pour le contrôle de l’érosion et de la sédimentation à l’échelle du territoire de la Durance

En milieu montagnard, l’érosion et la sédimentation sont des phénomènes qui augmentent les risques d'inondation dans les vallées. Pour lutter contre ces processus, des méthodes inspirées de l'ingénierie écologique font leur preuve aujourd'hui en France, notamment dans le bassin versant de la Durance, où l'utilisation innovante d’ouvrages de génie végétal dans les lits des ravines érodées permet le développement d’obstacles végétaux efficaces pour piéger et retenir les sédiments

Mesures agri-environnementales. L'article 19 dans les zones intermediaires de la montagne ariegeoise Attitudes des agriculteurs a l'egard des contrats agri-environnementaux : Analyse d'enquetes aupres d'un echantillon d'exploitations agricoles

Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : GR 1726 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Significant increase in natural disturbance impacts on European forests since 1950

Over the last decades, the natural disturbance is increasingly putting pressure on European forests. Shifts in disturbance regimes may compromise forest functioning and the continuous provisioning of ecosystem services to society, including their climate change mitigation potential. Although forests are central to many European policies, we lack the long-term empirical data needed for thoroughly understanding disturbance dynamics, modeling them, and developing adaptive management strategies. Here, we present a unique database of >170,000 records of ground-based natural disturbance observations in European forests from 1950 to 2019. Reported data confirm a significant increase in forest disturbance in 34 European countries, causing on an average of 43.8 million m3 of disturbed timber volume per year over the 70-year study period. This value is likely a conservative estimate due to under-reporting, especially of small-scale disturbances. We used machine learning techniques for assessing the magnitude of unreported disturbances, which are estimated to be between 8.6 and 18.3 million m3/year. In the last 20 years, disturbances on average accounted for 16% of the mean annual harvest in Europe. Wind was the most important disturbance agent over the study period (46% of total damage), followed by fire (24%) and bark beetles (17%). Bark beetle disturbance doubled its share of the total damage in the last 20 years. Forest disturbances can profoundly impact ecosystem services (e.g., climate change mitigation), affect regional forest resource provisioning and consequently disrupt long-term management planning objectives and timber markets. We conclude that adaptation to changing disturbance regimes must be placed at the core of the European forest management and policy debate. Furthermore, a coherent and homogeneous monitoring system of natural disturbances is urgently needed in Europe, to better observe and respond to the ongoing changes in forest disturbance regimes