18 research outputs found
ForĂȘts de montagne et changement climatique : impacts et adaptation
Les impacts du changement climatique sur les forĂȘts de montagne sont dĂ©jĂ perceptibles et les prĂ©visions nous montrent, par leurs contradictions, la complexitĂ© des phĂ©nomĂšnes en jeu. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude bibliographique est dâabord de caractĂ©riser les principaux effets du changement climatique, principalement dans les forĂȘts alpines, puis de prĂ©senter diffĂ©rentes options dâadaptation devant permettre de conserver les services actuellement fournis par la forĂȘt. LâĂ©picĂ©a, le sapin et le hĂȘtre, dominants dans les Alpes françaises, y sont privilĂ©giĂ©s
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Significant increase in natural disturbance impacts on European forests since 1950
Over the last decades, the natural disturbance is increasingly putting pressure on European forests. Shifts in disturbance regimes may compromise forest functioning and the continuous provisioning of ecosystem services to society, including their climate change mitigation potential. Although forests are central to many European policies, we lack the long-term empirical data needed for thoroughly understanding disturbance dynamics, modeling them, and developing adaptive management strategies. Here, we present a unique database of >170,000 records of ground-based natural disturbance observations in European forests from 1950 to 2019. Reported data confirm a significant increase in forest disturbance in 34 European countries, causing on an average of 43.8 million m3 of disturbed timber volume per year over the 70-year study period. This value is likely a conservative estimate due to under-reporting, especially of small-scale disturbances. We used machine learning techniques for assessing the magnitude of unreported disturbances, which are estimated to be between 8.6 and 18.3 million m3/year. In the last 20 years, disturbances on average accounted for 16% of the mean annual harvest in Europe. Wind was the most important disturbance agent over the study period (46% of total damage), followed by fire (24%) and bark beetles (17%). Bark beetle disturbance doubled its share of the total damage in the last 20 years. Forest disturbances can profoundly impact ecosystem services (e.g., climate change mitigation), affect regional forest resource provisioning and consequently disrupt long-term management planning objectives and timber markets. We conclude that adaptation to changing disturbance regimes must be placed at the core of the European forest management and policy debate. Furthermore, a coherent and homogeneous monitoring system of natural disturbances is urgently needed in Europe, to better observe and respond to the ongoing changes in forest disturbance regimes
Construction d'une médiation entre connaissances scientifiques et action : deux expériences de lutte contre des maladies épidémiques en vergers dans le sud de la France
UMR BGPI Equipe 6National audienc
Precipitation Kinetics in a Nbâstabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel
International audienceno abstrac
Precipitation Kinetics in a Nbâstabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel
International audienceno abstrac
Evaluer lâintĂ©rĂȘt agro-Ă©cologique de lâutilisation de semences locales pour la revĂ©gĂ©talisation des prairies dâaltitude
International audienc
Utilisation innovante du gĂ©nie vĂ©gĂ©tal pour le contrĂŽle de lâĂ©rosion et de la sĂ©dimentation Ă lâĂ©chelle du territoire de la Durance
En milieu montagnard, lâĂ©rosion et la sĂ©dimentation sont des phĂ©nomĂšnes qui augmentent les risques d'inondation dans les vallĂ©es. Pour lutter contre ces processus, des mĂ©thodes inspirĂ©es de l'ingĂ©nierie Ă©cologique font leur preuve aujourd'hui en France, notamment dans le bassin versant de la Durance, oĂč l'utilisation innovante dâouvrages de gĂ©nie vĂ©gĂ©tal dans les lits des ravines Ă©rodĂ©es permet le dĂ©veloppement dâobstacles vĂ©gĂ©taux efficaces pour piĂ©ger et retenir les sĂ©diments
Mesures agri-environnementales. L'article 19 dans les zones intermediaires de la montagne ariegeoise Attitudes des agriculteurs a l'egard des contrats agri-environnementaux : Analyse d'enquetes aupres d'un echantillon d'exploitations agricoles
Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : GR 1726 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc