Modelado complejo de información lingüística en problemas de toma de decisión en grupo bajo incertidumbre

El modelado de información lingüística en problemas de Toma de Decisión en Grupo (TDG) con incertidumbre y sus Procesos de Alcance de Consenso (PAC), se ha convertido en una línea de investigación de gran importancia dentro del ámbito de la toma de decisión. La mayoría de propuestas enfocadas al modelado lingüístico, se basan en el enfoque lingüístico difuso y emplean expresiones lingüísticas cercanas a la forma de pensar de los seres humanos para modelar la incertidumbre inherente en los problemas de decisión. Sin embargo, muchas de estas propuestas presentan limitaciones en términos de interpretación y/o precisión. En esta tesis doctoral, se ha propuesto un nuevo marco metodológico para el modelado y tratamiento de incertidumbre para problemas de TDG y PAC mediante expresiones lingüísticas complejas que permite modelar las opiniones de los expertos en este tipo de problemas.The modelling of linguistic information in Group Decision Making (GDM) problems with uncertainty and its Consensus Reaching Processes (CRPs) has become a very important research line in the field of decision making. Most of the proposals focused on linguistic modelling are based on the fuzzy linguistic approach and use linguistic expressions close to the way human beings’ thinking to model the uncertainty inherent in decision problems. However, many of these proposals have limitations in terms of interpretation and/or accuracy. In this doctoral thesis, a new methodological framework has been proposed for the modelling and treatment of uncertainty for GDM and CRPs problems by means of complex linguistic expressions that allow modelling the experts’ opinions in this type of problems.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Informática. Leída el 30 de abril de 2021

An Overview on Fuzzy Modelling of Complex Linguistic Preferences in Decision Making

This work is partially supported by the Spanish National research project TIN2015-66524-P, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance Postdoctoral Training (FPDI-2013-18193) and ERDF.Decision makers involved in complex decision making problems usually provide information about their preferences by eliciting their knowledge with different assessments. Usually, the complexity of these decision problems implies uncertainty that in many occasions has been successfully modelled by means of linguistic information, mainly based on fuzzy based linguistic approaches. However, classically these approaches just allow the elicitation of simple assessments composed by either one label or a modifier with a label. Nevertheless, the necessity of more complex linguistic expressions for eliciting decision makers’ knowledge has led to some extensions of classical approaches that allow the construction of expressions and elicitation of preferences in a closer way to human beings cognitive process. This paper provides an overview of the broadest fuzzy linguistic approaches for modelling complex linguistic preferences together some challenges that future proposals should achieve to improve complex linguistic modelling in decision making.Spanish National research project TIN2015-66524-PSpanish Ministry of Economy and Finance Postdoctoral Training FPDI-2013-18193European Union (EU

Managing Non-Homogeneous Information and Experts’ Psychological Behavior in Group Emergency Decision Making

After an emergency event (EE) happens, emergency decision making (EDM) is a common and effective way to deal with the emergency situation, which plays an important role in mitigating its level of harm. In the real world, it is a big challenge for an individual emergency manager (EM) to make a proper and comprehensive decision for coping with an EE. Consequently, many practical EDM problems drive group emergency decision making (GEDM) problems whose main limitations are related to the lack of flexibility in knowledge elicitation, disagreements in the group and the consideration of experts’ psychological behavior in the decision process. Hence, this paper proposes a novel GEDM approach that allows more flexibility for preference elicitation under uncertainty, provides a consensus process to avoid disagreements and considers experts’ psychological behavior by using the fuzzy TODIM method based on prospect theory. Eventually, a group decision support system (GDSS) is developed to support the whole GEDM process defined in the proposed method demonstrating its novelty, validity and feasibility.This work was partly supported by the Young Doctoral Dissertation Project of Social Science Planning Project of Fujian Province (Project No. FJ2016C202), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 71371053, 61773123), Spanish National Research Project (Project No. TIN2015-66524-P), and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance Postdoctoral Fellow (IJCI-2015-23715) and ERDF

Measuring what is not seen—Transparency and good governance nonprofit indicators to overcome the limitations of accounting models

One of the most complex challenges currently faced by non-profit organizations (NPOs) is demonstrating that they manage resources with the highest levels of efficiency and excellence, and do not deviate from the accomplishment of their mission. Transparency and good governance are highly valuable issues for the survival of these organizations. However, empirical studies and models to measure these concepts are scarce and lack consensus. The objective of this article is to develop a uniform procedure for measuring the levels of transparency and good governance in NPOs, validated by experts, that integrates the most important contributions. The main proposals are supported by lists of indicators whose compliance they try to verify. Finally, we considered the experts’ preferences to obtain the indicator weights by means of the Best–Worst Method and Minimum Cost Consensus model. The result of our work is the development of a list of indicators, which integrates the existing battery of Spanish indicators. We contribute, with this work, to improving the credibility of the third sector from the perspective of donors, users, public administrations, and society. This is an essential issue for the survival of these NPOs.Universidad de Jaén, Instituto de Estudios Giennenses (Diputación de Jaén), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España) a través del Proyecto de Investigación Nacional del Gobierno de España PGC2018-099402-B-I00 y el Contrato Postdoctoral Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2017-21978)

Distributed Bees Algorithm Parameters Optimization for a Cost Efficient Target Allocation in Swarms of Robots

Swarms of robots can use their sensing abilities to explore unknown environments and deploy on sites of interest. In this task, a large number of robots is more effective than a single unit because of their ability to quickly cover the area. However, the coordination of large teams of robots is not an easy problem, especially when the resources for the deployment are limited. In this paper, the Distributed Bees Algorithm (DBA), previously proposed by the authors, is optimized and applied to distributed target allocation in swarms of robots. Improved target allocation in terms of deployment cost efficiency is achieved through optimization of the DBA’s control parameters by means of a Genetic Algorithm. Experimental results show that with the optimized set of parameters, the deployment cost measured as the average distance traveled by the robots is reduced. The cost-efficient deployment is in some cases achieved at the expense of increased robots’ distribution error. Nevertheless, the proposed approach allows the swarm to adapt to the operating conditions when available resources are scarce

A Linguistic Group Best–Worst Method for Measuring Good Governance in the Third Sector: A Spanish Case Study

The need of Non-profit Organizations (NPOs) of generating trust and credibility, to their stakeholders by an efficient management of their resources, lead them to openly show that they develop adequate good governance practices. But this is not a simple task and few research has been done on measuring methods of good governance in this field; without achieving an agreement about the best procedure. This paper aims at facilitating the measurement of good governance practices in NPOs by a fuzzy linguistic consensus-based group multi-criteria decision-making (MCGDM) model that will provide agreed and easy-understanding weights for a list of indicators proposed by the stakeholders and entities in such good governance practices. To do that, a linguistic 2-tuple BWM method with a consensus reaching process (CRP) will be developed and then applied to a real-world case in Spain, in which a group of experts from significant Spanish NPOs will assess the list of indicators proposed by the most representative entities (the alliance between the non-governmental organizations (NGO) Platform for Social Action, and the NGO Coordinator for Development (CONGDE) to obtain a prioritization of such indicators for measuring the good governance practices in Spanish NPOs.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España) a través del Proyecto de Investigación Nacional PGC2018-099402-B-I00, la Beca Posdoctoral Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2017-21978) y el proyecto FEDER-UJA 1380637 y ERDF

Transparency indicators to improve accountability for non-profit organizations: a Spanish case study

We are currently witnessing the development of a set of organizations that have been entrusted with meeting the very diverse needs of citizens. As a result, they receive funds, in order to ensure they are managed appropriately. The transparency of the information revealed by Non-profit Organizations (NPOs) has become of increasing interest to public authorities and research. However, very few studies empirically measure the extent of transparency in NPOs. Only a handful checked the compliance of various indicators, lacking agreement on which ones to include and their weighting. To address this issue, this study empirically validates the weighting of the indicators from the alliance between the Platform for Social Action NGO and the Spanish Coordinator for Development NGO (CONGDE) document with experts in NPOs’ opinions. We use the Best-Worst Method (BWM) to optimally assign weights to multi-criteria decision making situations. Our results show interesting differences in the level of importance given to the indicators by public authorities and experts, suggesting the need for a revision of the importance proposed. First published online 04 May 202

El desafío de la paz: Colombia, Guatemala, Ucrania y El Salvador a la luz de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

Recoge las ponencias expuestas por treinta y una personalidades académicas y políticas de talla internacional además de las intervenciones de las autoridades académicas de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y del Ministerio de Derechos Sociales y Agenda 2030, presentadas en cuatro seminarios, que comenzaron con los relativos a los procesos de paz en Colombia y Guatemala, a fines de 2021, que continuaron el 30 de marzo de 2022 con la jornada dedicada a las herramientas para buscar una solución diplomática a la guerra en Ucrania (solo un mes después de la invasión rusa) y en junio del mismo año con el relativo a los acuerdos de 1992 en El Salvador. Dichos seminarios fueron: "Los Acuerdos de Paz en Colombia, cinco años después". (Madrid, 29 y 30 de noviembre de 2021); "Los Acuerdos de Paz en Guatemala, veinticinco años después". (Madrid, 13 de diciembre de 2021); "Ucrania: Solución negociada, seguridad compartida". (Madrid, 30 de marzo de 2022); "Los Acuerdos de Paz de El Salvador, treinta años después, en el marco de la Agenda 2030". (Madrid, 22 de junio de 2022)Presentación / Juan Daniel Oliva, Carlos R. Fernández Liesa (pp.12-14). -- Prólogo / Lilith Verstrynge Revuelta, (pp. 15-16). -- Primera parte: Los acuerdos de paz en Colombia, cinco años después (p. 18). -- Apertura / Juan Romo Uroz (pp. 18-20). -- [Apertura] / Ione Belarra (pp. 20-23). -- Hacer la paz es más difícil que hacer la guerra / Juan Manuel Santos Calderón (pp. 23-27). -- No hay un acuerdo de paz que tenga un calado de reformas como el colombiano / Josefina Echavarría Álvarez (pp. 28-34). -- Juramos que nuestra única arma sería la palabra / Rodrigo Londoño Echeverri (pp. 34-38). -- Tuvisteis que hacer frente a una coyuntura política dificilísima / José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (pp. 38-42). -- Segunda mesa: Balance, implementación y Agenda 2030 / Enrique Santiago (pp. 43-46). -- Solicito la apertura del macrocaso de la responsabilidad del Estado / Álvaro Leyva Durán (pp. 47-53). -- En Colombia existen más de cien mil desaparecidos / Luz Marina Monzón Cifuentes (pp. 54-61). -- No hay contradicción entre la búsqueda de la paz y la de la justicia / Yesid Reyes Alvarado (pp. 62-67). -- Logramos el primer acuerdo de paz con enfoque de género / Gloria Inés Ramírez (pp. 68-74). -- Segunda parte. Los Acuerdos de Paz en Guatemala, veinticinco años después (p. 75). -- Apertura / J. Daniel Oliva Martínez (pp. 75-76) , Enrique Santiago Romero (pp. 77-78). -- Guatemala es hoy un Estado capturado por mafias / José Manuel Martín Medem (pp. 78-81). -- Se firmó la paz, pero falta la construcción de una cultura de paz / Olinda Salguero (pp. 81-85). -- Guatemala se halla en el peor escenario en materia de derechos humanos desde 1986 / Velia Muralles (pp. 85-90). -- Las comisiones de la verdad registraron unas doscientas mil personas desaparecidas y ejecutadas / Erik de León (pp. 90-94). -- El problema fundamental era y es la marginación de los grupos indígenas y la pobreza extrema / Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo (pp. 94-102). -- Guatemala está peor que cuando firmamos la paz / Pablo Monsanto (pp. 103-109). -- Guatemala es un barril de pólvora con la mecha prendida / Ana Isabel Prera (pp. 109-115). -- Clausura / Ione Belarra (pp. 115-120). -- Tercera parte. Ucrania: Solución negociada, seguridad compartida (p. 121). Apertura / María Luisa González Cuéllar Serrano, Ione Belarra (pp. 122-125). -- Debemos trabajar para exponer las amenazas de esta guerra. Es necesario para sobrevivir / Noam Chomsky (pp. 125-132). -- Primera Mesa - La negociación como herramienta de resolución de conflictos / Santiago Jiménez Martín (p. 133). -- Trabajar por la paz acarrea incomprensiones y entraña riesgos / Yago Pico de Coaña (pp. 134-139). -- La Unión Europea debe volver a un papel de potencia pacífica / Gianni Labella (pp. 140-145). -- Las armas no nos salvarán / Carmen Magallón Portoles (pp. 145-149). -- Segunda mesa: Construcción de paz y seguridad compartida en Europa / Cástor Díaz Barrado (pp. 149-150). -- Un mundo sin armas nucleares es necesario y posible / Carlos Umaña (pp. 151-154). -- Pedimos una solución diplomática negociada / Mariela Kohon (pp. 155-159). -- Hay que avanzar hacia una arquitectura de seguridad europea basada en la seguridad compartida / Vicenç Fisas Armengol (pp. 159-162). -- Que la guerra en Ucrania no nos lleve a olvidar los otros conflictos armados, que también requieren nuestro apoyo / Mabel González Bustelo (pp. 163-168). -- Clausura / Carlos Fernández Liesa, Enrique Santiago (pp. 168-173). -- Cuarta parte. Los Acuerdos de Paz de El Salvador, treinta años después, en el marco de la Agenda 2030 (p. 174). -- Apertura / Montserrat Huguet Santos, Enrique Santiago (pp. 175-178). -- Hicimos la paz a través del diálogo político en medio de la guerra / Óscar Santamaría (pp. 178-182). -- Agradecemos el acompañamiento y la solidaridad de la comunidad internacional / Nidia Díaz (pp. 183-190). -- El proceso de paz no fue una confrontación ideológica / Álvaro de Soto (pp. 190-196). -- Fue el momento más importante desde la independencia nacional / Rubén Zamora (pp. 196-201). -- Segunda mesa: Los Acuerdos de Paz treinta años después: Balance, implementación y Agenda 2030 / Daniel Oliva (pp. 202-203). -- El presidente Bukele se burla de los acuerdos de paz / David Morales (pp. 203-209). -- Están en riesgo los derechos conquistados por las mujeres / Lorena Peña (pp. 209-212). -- Necesitamos una alianza en defensa de los derechos humanos / José María Tojeira (pp. 213-216). -- Tenemos que construir la unidad opositora para desplazar a esta dictadura de nuevo tipo / Maricela Ramírez (pp. 217-222). -- Clausura / Matilde Sánchez, Ione Belarra (pp. 222-224). -- Epílogo / Federico Mayor Zaragoza (pp. 225-228)

An AHPSort II Based Analysis of the Inequality Reduction within European Union

Nowadays, sustainability is an omnipresent concept in our society, which encompasses several challenges related to poverty, inequality, climate change and so on. The United Nations adopted the Agenda 2030, a plan of action formed of universal Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) and targets, which countries have to face in order to shift the world toward a sustainable future. One of the most relevant SDGs since the onset of the financial crisis in 2007 has been the so-called reduced inequalities, which consists of dealing with the inequality of opportunities and wealth between and within countries. However, reducing inequalities depends on many heterogeneous aspects, making it difficult to make a proper analysis that evaluates the European Union (EU) countries performance of this goal. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to evaluate the inequalities in EU countries based on a sorting a multi-criteria decision-making method called AHPSort II. This approach allows to obtain a classification of the EU countries according to their achievements in reducing inequalities to subsequently carry out a deep performance analysis with the aim of drawing conclusions as to the evolution of inequality in them along the years. The results are consistent with the main international organizations’ reports and academic literature, as shown in the Discussion Section

Consensual Group-AHPSort: Applying consensus to GAHPSort in sustainable development and industrial engineering

International audienc