Ultra-structural cell distribution of the melanoma marker iodobenzamide: improved potentiality of SIMS imaging in life sciences

BACKGROUND: Analytical imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) provides images representative of the distribution of a specific ion within a sample surface. For the last fifteen years, concerted collaborative research to design a new ion microprobe with high technical standards in both mass and lateral resolution as well as in sensitivity has led to the CAMECA NanoSims 50, recently introduced onto the market. This instrument has decisive capabilities, which allow biological applications of SIMS microscopy at a level previously inaccessible. Its potential is illustrated here by the demonstration of the specific affinity of a melanoma marker for melanin. This finding is of great importance for the diagnosis and/or treatment of malignant melanoma, a tumour whose worldwide incidence is continuously growing. METHODS: The characteristics of the instrument are briefly described and an example of application is given. This example deals with the intracellular localization of an iodo-benzamide used as a diagnostic tool for the scintigraphic detection of melanic cells (e.g. metastasis of malignant melanoma). B16 melanoma cells were injected intravenously to C(57)BL(6)/J(1)/co mice. Multiple B16 melanoma colonies developed in the lungs of treated animals within three weeks. Iodobenzamide was injected intravenously in tumour bearing mice six hours before sacrifice. Small pieces of lung were prepared for SIMS analysis. RESULTS: Mouse lung B16 melanoma colonies were observed with high lateral resolution. Cyanide ions gave "histological" images of the cell, representative of the distribution of C and N containing molecules (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, melanin, etc.) while phosphorus ions are mainly produced by nucleic acids. Iodine was detected only in melanosomes, confirming the specific affinity of the drug for melanin. No drug was found in normal lung tissue. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential of SIMS microscopy, which allows the study of ultra structural distribution of a drug within a cell. On the basis of our observations, drug internalization via membrane sigma receptors can be excluded

Collecting and analysing in vivo aroma release and perception by pairing nosespace PTR-ToF-MS and Temporal Dominance of Sensations

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Set-membership methods applied to identify high-frequency elements of EMI filters

International audienceIn order to enhance the performance of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters, it is necessary to identify high-frequency parasitic elements of their passive components, mainly those related to the coupled inductors. motivated by this issue, in this work a realistic high-frequency model is proposed for the coupled inductors. Actually, using interval analysis in particular the forward-backward contractor, a set-membership algorithm has been developed to estimate systematically the parasitic elements linked with the magnetic components. The main advantages of this algorithm compared to the fitting methods are the values of the estimated parameters are always positive and the corrupted data are taken into account. The comparison of the simulation results and the experimental data allows us to validate the proposed method

Assessing factors for reliable quantitative proteomics based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

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Validation of the background simulation model MATISSE: Comparing results with MODIS satellite images

Generally available satellite images, e. g. from the MODIS sensor, provide data in spectral bands, which are suitable for remote sensing applications and earth surface observations. However, for some applications different bands as well as specific cloud formations for a certain region may be of interest, thus making the simulation of background data essential. Therefore, the software MATISSE ("Advanced Modeling of the Earth for Environment and Scenes Simulation") proved to be the appropriate tool. MATISSE is an infrared background scene generator developed by ONERA for computing natural background spectral radiance images including atmosphere, sea, land and high and low altitude clouds. In order to validate the model, comparisons with MODIS satellite data have been carried out using images in available spectral bands. The investigations comprised selected surface structures like sea, desert, lowland (dry) and highlands (humid). In general, the results on radiance images show a good correlation between MODIS image and the MATISSE-simulation. This paper focuses on comparing results between simulated MATISSE radiance images and the MODIS observations. Based on this, possible sources of error and the limits of the model are discussed

MATISSE: Advanced earth modeling for imaging and scene simulation Int

ABSTRACT In this paper we present MATISSE 1.1 a new background scene generator, whose goal is to compute spectral or integrated radiance images of natural background, as well as the transmission of a hot gas signature. The spectral bandwidth for this version of the code is from 750 to 3300 cm -1 (3 to 13 µm) with a 5 cm -1 resolution. Gaseous absorption is computed by a Correlated K model. The spatial variability of atmospheric quantities (temperatures and mixing ratios, among others) is taken into account, using variable profiles along the line of sight. Natural backgrounds include the atmospheric background, low altitude clouds and the Earth ground. The radiation models used are designed for observation at low spatial resolution of clouds and soils, so a texture model was developed to increase the high spatial resolution rendering in the metric range. Intermediate outputs of the code deliver radiance and transmission restricted to a single line of sight, in which case atmospheric refraction effects are taken into account. Along this line of sight the transmission can also be computed using a line-by-line model, which is useful to propagate the radiation emitted by a hot gas source (fires, aircraft or missile plume). MATISSE 1.1 was released in June 2002, so this paper is devoted to a presentation of the first results obtained with the code and some validation tests

Influence of degradation on inflammatory profile of polyphosphazene coated PMMA and trisacryl gelatin microspheres in a sheep uterine artery embolization model

International audienceEmbolization with microspheres is widely applied to treat uterine fibroids However the foreign body reaction that could result from the degradation of the microspheres remains to be evaluated to adequately appreciate the tissular tolerance to such biomaterials We compared herein the in situ degradation of PMMA microspheres coated with polyphosphazene (PMMA-PPms) and trisacryl gelatin microspheres (TGms) and we thoroughly investigated the induced local inflammatory responses at 1 and 4 weeks after uterine artery embolization in sheep by using immunohistochemistry and microarray analyses PMMA-PPms underwent an acute and partial degradation that was associated with the early recruitment of phagocytic cells (CD172a+ and MHCII+) and with the up-regulated expression of genes involved in the movement of phagocytes (ALOX5AP CXCL2 CXCL5 IL8 PTGS2 YARS) By contrast TGms were not degraded and triggered a different inflammation profile including the recruitment of FBR Giant Cells and T-lymphocytes (CD4+) and the increased expression of genes involved in lymphocyte activation (CXCL10 IL2RG IRAK4 MALT1) Our results indicate that in contrast to a non-degradable microsphere such as TGms which is associated to a poorly inflammatory foreign body reaction that rapidly resolves PMMA-PPms which is partially degradable rapidly recruits and activates inflammatory phagocytes thus delaying the resolution of the foreign body reaction (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserve

Tiré à Part MATISSE: Advanced Earth Modeling for Imaging and Scene Simulation MATISSE: Advanced Earth Modeling for Imaging and Scene Simulation MATISSE : Modélisation Avancée de la Terre pour l'Imagerie et la Simulation des Scènes et de leur Environnement

Résumé Résumé : Le but de MATISSE1.1 est le calcul d'images en luminance spectrale ou intégrée de fonds naturels, ainsi que la transmission d'une signature de gaz chaud. La bande spectrale pour cette version s'étend de 750 à 3300 cm . L'absorption gazeuze est calculée avec un modèle en K corrélé (CK). La variabilité spatiale des grandeurs atmosphériques (température, rapports de mélange, ...) est prise en compte par l'utilisation de profils atmosphériques évoluant le long de la ligne de visée. Les fonds naturels sont constitués du fond atmosphérique, des nuages basse altitude et du fond de sol. Les modèles de rayonnement utilisés sont adaptés à la basse résolution spatiale, ce qui a motivé l'insertion d'un modèle de texture en luminance afin d'accroître la résolution spatiale au domaine décamétrique. Des sorties intermédiaires du programme permettent d'obtenir la luminance et la transmission le long d'une seule ligne de visée, auquel cas les effets de réfraction sont pris en compte. Le long de cette ligne de visée la transmission peut être calculée en utilisant un modèle raie par raie, afin de pouvoir propager le rayonnement issu d'une signature de gaz chaud (feux, jet d'avion ou de missile). ABSTRACT The purpose of MATISSE 1.1 is to compute spectral or integrated radiance images of natural background, as well as the transmission of a hot gas signature. The spectral bandwith for this version of the code is from 750 to 3300 cm -1 (3 to 13 µm) with a 5 cm -1 resolution. Gaseous absorption is computed by a Correlated K (CK) model. The spatial variability of atmospheric quantities (temperatures and mixing ratios, among others) is taken into account by using variable profiles along the line of sight. Natural backgrounds include the atmospheric background, low altitude clouds and the Earth ground. The radiation models used are designed for observation at low spatial resolution of clouds and soils, so a texture model was developed to increase the high spatial resolution rendering in the decametric range. Intermediate outputs of the code deliver radiance and transmission restricted to a single line of sight, in which case atmospheric refraction effects are taken into account. Along this line of sight the transmission can also be computed using a line-byline model, which is usefull to propagate the radiation emitted by a hot gas signature (fires, aircraft or missile plume)

Systematic overestimation of human serum albumin by capillary zone electrophoresis method due to monoclonal immunoglobulin interferences

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