Is acetylation a metabolic rheostat that regulates skeletal muscle insulin action?

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which increases the risk for developing various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, is a common metabolic disorder in obesity and aging. If potential treatments are to be developed to treat insulin resistance, then it is important to fully understand insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. While recent large-scale "omics" studies have revealed the acetylome to be comparable in size to the phosphorylome, the acetylation of insulin signaling proteins and its functional relevance to insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose metabolism is not fully understood. In this Mini Review we discuss the acetylation status of proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway and review their potential effect on, and relevance to, insulin action in skeletal muscle

Painting poetry : an honors thesis (HONRS 499)

Communication between people is a never-ending process, and relationships, from personal to global, often have such complex misunderstandings as well as meaningful understandings that the opportunities to portray them visually are endless. I am compelled by what the character of a figure communicates as well as the allegorical scenarios I am free to place them in; yet the allegories and metaphors I am presenting are powerful and real 'inside the human mind. The mind is driven by beliefs and understanding gained from the world. When we feel an emotion, is it not the ultimate experience, the truest concept at our fingertips in that very moment? It is our whole reality. I have chosen to distort special reality in painting in both personal and unknown narratives-without exploring the emotional moments in understanding and communication in cultures and minds other than my own, I am trapped in a void. This thesis has enabled me to explore challenging painting compositions, as well as challenging social interaction, in order to create something beyond my former vocabulary. The research I incorporated comes from art history, psychology, and interviews. I am influenced by the honest portraits of Alice Neel, Oskar Kokoschka and his group of expressionists, and the impressionists, such as Van Gogh, Gaughin, Bonnard, and Cassatt. Visually I hope to push my use of color, conceptions of beauty, and body language which brings up the work of Lucien Freud and others. The abstraction is a chance to expand on my ideas outside of my comfort zone.Honors CollegeThesis (B.?.

Educating Youth in Water Quality Land Use Principles Through Outdoor Education

Author Institution: Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Ohio State University ; Fulton County ExtentionAn annual five-day Conservation Camp is attended by 176 14- to 18- year old 4-H members. The campers receive field instruction in soils, water, forestry, wildlife and recreation related to land use and develop a land use plan. In 1993, the water quality portion of the program was evaluated to determine the effect on knowledge and skills. Pre/post tests, land use plans, and oral presentations were examined. Camper knowledge of water quality principles was significantly increased when compared to a control group. Most campers included erosion control practices in land use plans and all positioned water supplies upslope of pollution sources. About 40% of the campers included waste treatment systems in land use plans

Transport composite fuselage technology: Impact dynamics and acoustic transmission

A program was performed to develop and demonstrate the impact dynamics and acoustic transmission technology for a composite fuselage which meets the design requirements of a 1990 large transport aircraft without substantial weight and cost penalties. The program developed the analytical methodology for the prediction of acoustic transmission behavior of advanced composite stiffened shell structures. The methodology predicted that the interior noise level in a composite fuselage due to turbulent boundary layer will be less than in a comparable aluminum fuselage. The verification of these analyses will be performed by NASA Langley Research Center using a composite fuselage shell fabricated by filament winding. The program also developed analytical methodology for the prediction of the impact dynamics behavior of lower fuselage structure constructed with composite materials. Development tests were performed to demonstrate that the composite structure designed to the same operating load requirement can have at least the same energy absorption capability as aluminum structure

High-Resolution UV Spectroscopy of Molecular Complexes

Information on the structure, the rigidity and the intermolecular potential of molecular complexes is essential to our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of molecular complexes. In this work we would like to demonstrate that rotationally resolved UV spectroscopy provides precise new information on these topics. In particular, the structure and van der Waals bond length of benzene-X complexes (X = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2) have been experimentally determined. In the benzene-N2 complex with its parallel-stacked configuration, the two constituents, benzene and N2, can rotate against each other. Rotationally resolved vibronic van der Waals bands allow the clear assignment of the excited van der Waals vibrations. Their anharmonicity and the vibrationally averaged rotational constants provide basic information on the intermolecular potential. For the example of the benzene-Ar2 trimer it is shown that isomeric structures exist that are rigid on the nanosecond time scale

Breast Tissue Biology Expands the Possibilities for Prevention of Age-Related Breast Cancers.

Preventing breast cancer before it is able to form is an ideal way to stop breast cancer. However, there are limited existing options for prevention of breast cancer. Changes in the breast tissue resulting from the aging process contribute to breast cancer susceptibility and progression and may therefore provide promising targets for prevention. Here, we describe new potential targets, immortalization and inflammaging, that may be useful for prevention of age-related breast cancers. We also summarize existing studies of warfarin and metformin, current drugs used for non-cancerous diseases, that also may be repurposed for breast cancer prevention

A strategy for tissue self-organization that is robust to cellular heterogeneity and plasticity

Developing tissues contain motile populations of cells that can self-organize into spatially ordered tissues based on differences in their interfacial surface energies. However, it is unclear how self-organization by this mechanism remains robust when interfacial energies become heterogeneous in either time or space. The ducts and acini of the human mammary gland are prototypical heterogeneous and dynamic tissues comprising two concentrically arranged cell types. To investigate the consequences of cellular heterogeneity and plasticity on cell positioning in the mammary gland, we reconstituted its self-organization from aggregates of primary cells in vitro. We find that self-organization is dominated by the interfacial energy of the tissue–ECM boundary, rather than by differential homo- and heterotypic energies of cell–cell interaction. Surprisingly, interactions with the tissue–ECM boundary are binary, in that only one cell type interacts appreciably with the boundary. Using mathematical modeling and cell-type-specific knockdown of key regulators of cell–cell cohesion, we show that this strategy of self-organization is robust to severe perturbations affecting cell–cell contact formation. We also find that this mechanism of self-organization is conserved in the human prostate. Therefore, a binary interfacial interaction with the tissue boundary provides a flexible and generalizable strategy for forming and maintaining the structure of two-component tissues that exhibit abundant heterogeneity and plasticity. Our model also predicts that mutations affecting binary cell–ECM interactions are catastrophic and could contribute to loss of tissue architecture in diseases such as breast cancer