Microstrip Coupled Band Pass Filter using Parallel Coupled Lines used for EMI Reduction

The use of BPF is in telecommunications wireless systems. The signal to be transmitted and which they are received are filtered at a center frequency having some significant bandwidth. This paper comprises a brief knowledge related to designing of a band pass filter (BPF) using microstrip parallel coupled line structure for reduction of noise and EMI. The band pass filter has a center frequency of 2.45GHz having less insertion loss and more than 20dB return loss in its pass band having more than 5% moderate bandwidth is successfully designed.The center frequency is selected such that it is mainly used in WLAN network or high speed wireless broadband is configured to transmit data voice and video IP because system requires more bandwidth. The layout is designed such that centre frequency is 2.45GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 200MHz and impedance resonator length of each coupled line is seperated such that impedance is adjusted to 50Ω exactly.Two sections are mainly given in design: two coupled lines distinguished by a non-uniform line resonator.The impedance resonators gives a separate resonance to obtain the passband region or response.The simulation is perform out on a HFSS software

A Virtual Testbed for Embedded Systems

Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation is a simulation approach in which a hardware embedded processor is connected to the simulation computer that simulates the electrical/mechanical devices controlled by the embedded processor. By using a real-time simulation computer and special-purpose hardware for connecting to the embedded processor, this method of simulation can be very precise but is costly. We are proposing an alternative method, HIL simulation with a network link, in which the device under test (the embedded processor) communicates with the simulation computer over a network connection (in our case a serial line) instead of through special-purpose hardware. We present an abstraction layer that facilitates the simulation of external devices. An earlier prototype had been developed for a 16-bit TMS320LF2407A DSP from Texas Instruments. We generalized the approach to the more advanced 32-bit TMS320F28335 DSP. We have made the changes in the DSP abstraction layer to enable more features and provide more flexibility to the programmer. For example, we introduced a shadow interrupt vector to make the simulation layer more general. We developed various scenarios to measure the performance of the system. In particular, we measure round-trip time and through-put for the communication between the simulator and the DSP. Also we rewrote the serial line drivers on the DSP to incorporate different working scenarios and to invoke the timers on the DSP for measuring the execution time. Our work helps to judge the performance of the system and to identify the application domains for this approach

Compact Integrated Bluetooth UWB Antenna with Quadruple Bandnotched Characteristics

In this paper,a compact printed dualband antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications with WiMax(3.3-3.7 GHz), C-band satellite downlink(3.7-4.2GHz), WLAN(5.15-5.825GHz) and DSRC(5.5-5.925GHz) bandnotched characteristics is proposed and investigated. By etching two half-wavelength L-shaped slots in the radiating patch and an inverted U-shaped slot in the microstrip feedline quadruple bandnotched characteristics is obtained. Further, by embedding quarter wavelength parasitic strip at two edges of U-shaped radiating patch dualband characteristics with desired bandwidth is obtained. the proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on a FR4 substrate of dimensions 24mm X 35mm that operates over a 2.4-11GHz with S11<-10dB except over notch bands of 3.3-3.7GHz, 3.7-4.2GHz,5.15-5.625GHz and 5.625-6GHz. Directional pattern in E-plane and nearly omnidirectional pattern in H-plane are observed over a UWB band except at desired bandnotched freqencies. Less variation in group delay and pulse deformation shows good time domain characteristics. In addition, the structure exhibits stable gain over the desired band

Review of gait recognition systems: approaches and challenges

Gait recognition (GR) has emerged as a significant biometric identification technique, leveraging an individual's walking pattern for various applications such as surveillance, forensic analysis, and person identification. Despite its non-intrusive nature, GR systems face challenges due to their sensitivity to pose variations, limiting functionality in real-world scenarios where people exhibit diverse walking styles and body orientations. This review paper aims to comprehensively discuss GR systems, focusing on approaches and challenges in designing accurate and robust systems capable of handling bodily variations. GR's prominence spans across domains including surveillance, security, healthcare, and human-computer interaction, positioning it as a versatile biometric modality complementary to the traditional methods like fingerprint and face recognition. The review offers an in-depth analysis of GR systems, detailing silhouette-based, model-based, and deep-learning approaches. Silhouette-based methods capture gait information by analyzing the outline and locomotion of a person’s silhouette, while model-based approaches utilize skeletal models to describe gait patterns. The paper elucidates the challenges and limitations of GR systems, encompassing factors such as walking conditions, clothing, viewpoint, and environmental influences. Additionally, it explores potential future directions in GR research, highlighting the technology’s ongoing evolution and integration into diverse applications. As a valuable resource, this review serves researchers, practitioners, and policymakers by providing insights into the current state of GR systems and avenues for further research and development. It underscores the importance of addressing challenges to enhance GR’s accuracy and robustness, ensuring its continued relevance in biometric identification across various domains

Detecting Brainwaves to Evaluate Mental States and Condition using Neural Network

Human brain contains of approximately 100 billion neurons. Each neuron communicates with few ten thousands of other neurons in order to carry messages in the brain. Significant electrical activity is produced in the brain over synaptic joints of such neurons sending signals at very low frequencies below (50 Hz), thereby forming the brainwave pattern. The brainwaves are categorized as delta, theta, alpha and beta, as per different frequency ranges. In this paper, the effect of binaural beats on human mind is presented. Alpha binaural beats of 10 Hz are produced by creating the auditory illusion of 10 Hz in the brain by playing the binaural beats of 370 Hz and 380 Hz for left and right ear respectively. Binaural beats are effective only when heard through an earphone. In order to examine the effects of binaural beats on human brain, 10 people are subjected to these beats for 3 minutes. Using Processing 3.0.2, the attention level and meditation levels are measured by alpha brainwaves, and the comparison graphs are plotted. Relative comparison is carried out for each person�s state while listening to the binaural beats. This study provides scientific evidences for the common perception that alpha binaural beats and thus music can help a person in achieving a relaxed state of mind i.e., meditative state in a better way

HOXA repression is mediated by nucleoporin Nup93 assisted by its interactors Nup188 and Nup205

BACKGROUND: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nuclear transport of RNA and proteins into and out of the nucleus. Certain nucleoporins have additional functions in chromatin organization and transcription regulation. Nup93 is a scaffold nucleoporin at the nuclear pore complex which is associated with human chromosomes 5, 7 and 16 and with the promoters of the HOXA gene as revealed by ChIP-on-chip studies using tiling microarrays for these chromosomes. However, the functional consequences of the association of Nup93 with HOXA is unknown. RESULTS: Here, we examined the association of Nup93 with the HOXA gene cluster and its consequences on HOXA gene expression in diploid colorectal cancer cells (DLD1). Nup93 showed a specific enrichment ~1 Kb upstream of the transcription start site of each of the HOXA1, HOXA3 and HOXA5 promoters, respectively. Furthermore, the association of Nup93 with HOXA was assisted by its interacting partners Nup188 and Nup205. The depletion of the Nup93 sub-complex significantly upregulated HOXA gene expression levels. However, expression levels of a control gene locus (GLCCI1) on human chromosome 7 were unaffected. Three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) analyses revealed that the depletion of the Nup93 sub-complex (but not Nup98) disengages the HOXA gene locus from the nuclear periphery, suggesting a potential role for Nup93 in tethering and repressing the HOXA gene cluster. Consistently, Nup93 knockdown increased active histone marks (H3K9ac), decreased repressive histone marks (H3K27me3) on the HOXA1 promoter and increased transcription elongation marks (H3K36me3) within the HOXA1 gene. Moreover, the combined depletion of Nup93 and CTCF (a known organizer of HOXA gene cluster) but not Nup93 alone, significantly increased GLCCI1 gene expression levels. Taken together, this suggests a novel role for Nup93 and its interactors in repressing the HOXA gene cluster. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that the nucleoporin Nup93 assisted by its interactors Nup188 and Nup205 mediates the repression of HOXA gene expression. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0106-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Enhancing Gait Recognition with Attention-Based Spatial-Temporal Deep Learning: The GaitDeep Framework

Gait, an individual’s unique walking style, serves as an effective biometric tool for surveillance. Unlike fingerprints or iris scans, gait is observable from a distance without the subject’s awareness, making it ideal for security applications. CNNs struggle with video variability, affecting gait recognition. This study introduces GaitDeep, a spatial-temporal refinement using a deep dense network. It integrates attention-enhanced spatial extraction with a two-directional LSTM-based temporal module to prioritize key segments. Evaluated on the OU-ISIR, OU-MVLP, and CASIA-B datasets, GaitDeep achieves accuracies of 95.1\%, 0.96\%, and 98.10\%, respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art methods and establishing a new benchmark for gait recognition

LEAD ACID BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

ABSTRACT The high level of energy and power density of Lithium-ion and Zinc batteries amongst electrochemical batteries such Lead acid battery etc. makes them suitable as the energy storage in electric, hybrid electric vehicle, and plug-in vehicles (EV/HEV/PHEV). The battery management system is an electronic system that manages battery. One of the requirements in electrical system is rechargeable battery and its precise management. The Battery management system (BMS) monitors very important battery parameters i.e. state of charge, state of health, coolant flow for air or fluid, ampere hour counting, terminal voltage and flowing current (in and out).Open circuit voltage and integral of discharging current of the battery be used for estimation of SOC and are the function of SOC. The on line measurement and comparison of the predicted and measured terminal voltage and integral of current provides a tool for estimating the SOC and SOH. The BMS is also used for calculating secondary reports and reporting the generated data. The BMS also helps in controlling or balancing battery environment. In this research paper attempt is made to design the battery management system for electrical system or plug-in vehicles. KEYWORDS: Battery management system (BMS), plug-in-vehicles-state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH

Efficient regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni transformants through hairy root culture technique

Stevia rebaudiana is a small herb from the Asteraceae family. The plant produces tetracyclic diterpenes, steviol glycosides (SGs) thatmakes it Stevia sweet. Stevia can act as a natural sweetener as it does not interfere with insulin metabolism in humans when consumed. Amid the prevailing paradigm of health-focused living, Stevia can be produced and used worldwide by individuals and plant breeders. Yet, it is frequently challenging to cultivate stevia conventionally due to low germinating rate and viability of its seeds. Hence, raising plants through tissue culture becomes a viable option. The present study aims to regenerate transformed Stevia lines through Rhizobium rhizogenes mediated hairy root culture for investigating the possibility of increasing SGs. This study also focuses on increasing Stevia plant lines through an efficient and cost-effective micropropagation technique. For micropropagation, MS media supplied with 1 mg L-1 BAP in combination with 0.2 mg L -1 NAA gave the best result for shooting with nodal segments as explants. MS medium supplemented with IBA at a concentration of 1 mg L-1 was most effective in promoting the highest number of roots, while 2 mg L-1 IBA was optimal for achieving the longest root length. The highest number and frequency of hairy roots were observed with co-culture period of 48 h. Growth of transformed plantlets was observed best with 1 mg L-1 BAP + 0.3 mg L-1 NAA after 8 weeks of micro-shoots placed on solid MS media. Stevia plants raised through these biotechnological approaches will be a boon to plant breeders and researchers as these are efficient and easy methods to raise Stevia plants. The growing demand for natural sweeteners will be met at lower cost to pharmacologyindustries and individuals suffering from various life style diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity