Petitioner\u27s Brief - Reargument of Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe

Does the Suquamish Indian Tribe possess inherent sovereign power to exercise criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians alleged to have committed misdemeanor crimes within the boundaries of the tribe\u27s own reservation in violation of the Suquamish Law and Order Code

Toward a Great Sioux Nation Judicial Support Center and Supreme Court: An Interim Planning and Recommendation Report for the Wakpa Sica Historical Society’s Reconciliation Place Project

This Interim Planning and Recommendation Report describes the significance and potential benefits of the Wakpa Sica Historical Society’s Reconciliation Place Project in its endeavor to facilitate the establishment of a Great Sioux Nation Supreme Court. The report emphasizes that the vision of establishing such a Court has existed among the Sioux tribes of South Dakota, North Dakota, and Nebraska for generations and that the project’s legitimacy and ultimate success depend on its ability to continue fostering the tribes’ endorsement of and participation in the Court’s development and implementation

Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Jensen v. EXC, Inc.

The petitioners argue: 1) Supervisory Review is Needed Because the District Court and the Ninth Circuit Automatically Aligned U.S. Highway 160 with Alienated, Non-Indian Fee Land, Ignoring this Court’s Context-Specific, Multifactor Methodology for Determining the Status of Reservation Roadways for Tribal Jurisdictional Purposes. 2) Supervisory Review is Also Necessary Because Both Lower Courts Refused to Apply Supreme Court Precedents Governing Whether an Indian Tribe Retains Treaty-Based Authority over the Conduct of Nonmembers on a Tribe’s Reservation, Effecting an Impermissible Judicial Abrogation of the Navajo Nation’s Congressionally Confirmed, Treaty-Based Jurisdiction in This Case. 3) Supervisory Review is Further Needed Because Both Lower Courts’ Denial of the Navajo Nation’s Retained Inherent Sovereignty over the Tour Bus/Auto Collision Conflicts with This Court’s Precedents for Proper Application of the Montana Exceptions

Two loop effective potential for < A^2_\mu > in the Landau gauge in quantum chromodynamics

We construct the effective potential for the dimension two composite operator 1/2 A^{a 2}_\mu in QCD with massless quarks in the Landau gauge for an arbitrary colour group at two loops. For SU(3) we show that an estimate for the effective gluon mass decreases as N_f increases.Comment: 17 latex page

Center vortices and confinement vs. screening

We study adjoint and fundamental Wilson loops in the center-vortex picture of confinement, for gauge group SU(N) with general N. There are N-1 distinct vortices, whose properties, including collective coordinates and actions, we study. In d=2 we construct a center-vortex model by hand so that it has a smooth large-N limit of fundamental-representation Wilson loops and find, as expected, confinement. Extending an earlier work by the author, we construct the adjoint Wilson-loop potential in this d=2 model for all N, as an expansion in powers of $\rho/M^2$, where $\rho$ is the vortex density per unit area and M is the vortex inverse size, and find, as expected, screening. The leading term of the adjoint potential shows a roughly linear regime followed by string breaking when the potential energy is about 2M. This leading potential is a universal (N-independent at fixed fundamental string tension $K_F$) of the form $(K_F/M)U(MR)$, where R is the spacelike dimension of a rectangular Wilson loop. The linear-regime slope is not necessarily related to $K_F$ by Casimir scaling. We show that in d=2 the dilute vortex model is essentially equivalent to true d=2 QCD, but that this is not so for adjoint representations; arguments to the contrary are based on illegal cumulant expansions which fail to represent the necessary periodicity of the Wilson loop in the vortex flux. Most of our arguments are expected to hold in d=3,4 also.Comment: 29 pages, LaTex, 1 figure. Minor changes; references added; discussion of factorization sharpened. Major conclusions unchange

Speculations on Primordial Magnetic Helicity

We speculate that above or just below the electroweak phase transition magnetic fields are generated which have a net helicity (otherwise said, a Chern-Simons term) of order of magnitude $N_B + N_L$, where $N_{B,L}$ is the baryon or lepton number today. (To be more precise requires much more knowledge of B,L-generating mechanisms than we currently have.) Electromagnetic helicity generation is associated (indirectly) with the generation of electroweak Chern-Simons number through B+L anomalies. This helicity, which in the early universe is some 30 orders of magnitude greater than what would be expected from fluctuations alone in the absence of B+L violation, should be reasonably well-conserved through the evolution of the universe to around the times of matter dominance and decoupling, because the early universe is an excellent conductor. Possible consequences include early structure formation; macroscopic manifestations of CP violation in the cosmic magnetic field (measurable at least in principle, if not in practice); and an inverse-cascade dynamo mechanism in which magnetic fields and helicity are unstable to transfer to larger and larger spatial scales. We give a quasi-linear treatment of the general-relativistic MHD inverse cascade instability, finding substantial growth for helicity of the assumed magnitude out to scales $\sim l_M\epsilon^{-1}$, where $\epsilon$ is roughly the B+L to photon ratio and $l_M$ is the magnetic correlation length. We also elaborate further on an earlier proposal of the author for generation of magnetic fields above the EW phase transition.Comment: Latex, 23 page

Center Vortices, Nexuses, and Fractional Topological Charge

It has been remarked in several previous works that the combination of center vortices and nexuses (a nexus is a monopole-like soliton whose world line mediates certain allowed changes of field strengths on vortex surfaces) carry topological charge quantized in units of 1/N for gauge group SU(N). These fractional charges arise from the interpretation of the standard topological charge integral as a sum of (integral) intersection numbers weighted by certain (fractional) traces. We show that without nexuses the sum of intersection numbers gives vanishing topological charge (since vortex surfaces are closed and compact). With nexuses living as world lines on vortices, the contributions to the total intersection number are weighted by different trace factors, and yield a picture of the total topological charge as a linking of a closed nexus world line with a vortex surface; this linking gives rise to a non-vanishing but integral topological charge. This reflects the standard 2\pi periodicity of the theta angle. We argue that the Witten-Veneziano relation, naively violating 2\pi periodicity, scales properly with N at large N without requiring 2\pi N periodicity. This reflects the underlying composition of localized fractional topological charge, which are in general widely separated. Some simple models are given of this behavior. Nexuses lead to non-standard vortex surfaces for all SU(N) and to surfaces which are not manifolds for N>2. We generalize previously-introduced nexuses to all SU(N) in terms of a set of fundamental nexuses, which can be distorted into a configuration resembling the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole with no strings. The existence of localized but widely-separated fractional topological charges, adding to integers only on long distance scales, has implications for chiral symmetry breakdown.Comment: 15 pages, revtex, 6 .eps figure

Is Corporate Social Responsibility an Agency Problem? Evidence from CEO Turnovers

We empirically examine two competing claims: first, if a firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity is driven by its CEO’s private rent extraction (i.e. an agency problem), firms with higher CSR ratings are poorly governed and their managers are less likely to be dismissed for poor financial performance. In contrast, if CSR reflects owners’ preferences, CEOs of firms with higher CSR ratings are more likely to be removed in light of poor financial performance. We find that CEO turnover-financial performance sensitivity increases in firm CSR scores during the last years of both the outgoing CEO as well as his predecessor. Further, firm CSR ratings do not change following CEO turnover suggesting that CSR ratings are a firm characteristic. Our findings are consistent with the view that CSR is driven by shareholder preferences

Examining the impact of 11 long-standing health conditions on health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D in a general population sample

Objectives Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures have been increasingly used in economic evaluations for policy guidance. We investigate the impact of 11 self-reported long-standing health conditions on HRQoL using the EQ-5D in a UK sample. Methods We used data from 13,955 patients in the South Yorkshire Cohort study collected between 2010 and 2012 containing the EQ-5D, a preference-based measure. Ordinary least squares (OLS), Tobit and two-part regression analyses were undertaken to estimate the impact of 11 long-standing health conditions on HRQoL at the individual level. Results The results varied significantly with the regression models employed. In the OLS and Tobit models, pain had the largest negative impact on HRQoL, followed by depression, osteoarthritis and anxiety/nerves, after controlling for all other conditions and sociodemographic characteristics. The magnitude of coefficients was higher in the Tobit model than in the OLS model. In the two-part model, these four long-standing health conditions were statistically significant, but the magnitude of coefficients decreased significantly compared to that in the OLS and Tobit models and was ranked from pain followed by depression, anxiety/nerves and osteoarthritis. Conclusions Pain, depression, osteoarthritis and anxiety/nerves are associated with the greatest losses of HRQoL in the UK population. The estimates presented in this article should be used to inform economic evaluations when assessing health care interventions, though improvements can be made in terms of diagnostic information and obtaining longitudinal data

A framework for modelling soil structure dynamics induced by biological activity

Acknowledgments: This work was funded by the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (FORMAS) in the project “Soil structure and soil degradation: improved model tools to meet sustainable development goals under climate and land use change” (grant no. 2018-02319). We would also like to thank Mikael Sasha Dooha for carrying out the measurements for the water retention curves shown in figure 4.Peer reviewedPublisher PD