Propolis extract as a feed additive of the Nile tilapia juveniles

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary propolis alcohol extract supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal morphometry, and physiologic parameters Nile tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) juveniles. For performance experiment and intestinal morphometry, 120 fish averaging 1.41±0.3g were randomly distributed into 24 tanks (70L each) in a closed recirculation water system with constant aeration and biofilter. The animals were distributed into four treatments using a completely randomized design with six replicates per treatment. The treatments consisted of four pellet feeds with different alcohol propolis concentrations extract (AEP) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5gkg-1). The performance experiment period was conducted for 45 days. For the digestibility experiment, an inert marker in the feed and the adapted Guelph feces collecting system were used. The results showed no differences in the performance parameters, crude protein apparent digestibility and dry matter of the feeds, intestinal morphometry, and physiologic parameters. However, there was an increasing linear effect on the energy digestibility with increasing PAE concentrations in the fish feed. The usage of the propolis extract supplementation levels of 1% is recommended for optimum effect on villus morphometry in Nile tilapia

L-glutamine and L-glutamate in diets with different lactose levels for piglets weaned at 21 days of age

This study was developed to evaluate the effects of adding L-glutamine and L-glutamate in diets with no lactose or with 4.0 or 8.0% lactose inclusion for piglets weaned at 21 days old. One hundred and eight piglets with initial weight of 6.12±0.70 kg were allotted in a complete randomized block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with six treatments, six replicates, and three piglets per experimental unit. The experimental diets were supplied from 21 to 35 days. From 36 to 49 days, animals received the same diet with no lactose inclusion, but the animals in the treatments with L-glutamine + L-glutamate in the previous phase continued to receive diets containing these ingredients. There was no interaction between the level of lactose and the inclusion of L-glutamine + L-glutamate on the parameters evaluated. The levels of lactose did not affect the performance of piglets in either of the two periods. Adding L-glutamine and L-glutamate in the diet positively influenced the weight gain of pigs from 21 to 49 days of age and increased the villous height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Inclusion of L-glutamine + L-glutamate in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age improves the performance and the intestinal mucosa morphology, regardless of lactose addition

Composição físico-química e valores energéticos de farinhas de silagem de peixe para frangos de corte

Objetivou-se determinar a composição físico-química, os valores energéticos e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de quatro farinhas de silagem de peixe para frangos de corte. Foram produzidas quatro farinhas de silagem de peixe, utilizando-se o resíduo da filetagem de tilápias ensilado com diferentes fontes de carboidratos fermentáveis. Analisou-se a composição físico-química das silagens, e, em seguida, um ensaio de metabolismo com 180 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb de 14 a 25 dias de idade. Também foram avaliados o tempo de trânsito gastrintestinal das rações e o desempenho das aves nas gaiolas. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e de quatro dietas teste compostas de 60% da ração referência e 40% do resíduo da filetagem de tilápia ensilado com diferentes fontes de carboidratos, sendo a farinha de silagem de peixe com o farelo de algaroba (SFA), com a farinha de varredura de mandioca (SFVM), com o farelo de milho (SFM) e com a casca da mandioca (SCM). A SFM obteve o maior teor de PB, 22,38%, de EE, 27,35%, e o maior tempo de trânsito, com 195,0min; a SCM apresentou o maior valor de MM, 11,12%. Os valores de EMA e EMAn das farinhas de silagem de peixe não diferiram significativamente entre eles. O maior GP e a melhor CA foram apresentados pelos animais do tratamento SFM, e os piores GP e CA pelos frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo a SFVM. Com base na composição obtida, estas silagens de peixe têm potencialidade para serem utilizadas em dietas para frangos de corte

Metabolizabilidade da energia de farinhas mistas contendo silagem de peixes para frangos de corte

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o valor nutricional e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) de quatro farinhas mistas contendo silagem de resíduo de filetagem de tilápia para frangos de corte do tipo crescimento lento com 28 a 38 dias de idade. Analisou-se a composição físico-química das silagens e, em seguida, realizou-se um ensaio de metabolismo pelo método de coleta total de excretas com 180 pintos machos da linhagem Vermelho Pesadão Francês, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração referência (RR) e quatro dietas teste compostas de 70% da (RR), com a inclusão de 30% de farinha mista contendo silagem de peixes produzida com o farelo de algaroba (SFA), com a farinha de varredura de mandioca (SFVM), com o farelo de milho (SFM) e com a casca da mandioca (SCM). Os valores para composição físico-química das SFA, SFVM, SFM, SCM foram de 20,63, 20,76, 21,99 e 14,54% de proteína bruta; 17,04, 23,22, 21,97 e 20,27% de extrato etéreo; 7,53, 7,79, 8,65 e 8,83% de matéria mineral; 23,07, 10,55, 16,81 e 12,34% de fibra bruta; 1,79, 2,30, 1,57 e 2,72% de cálcio; 1,12, 1,72, 1,45 e 1,94% de fósforo; 532, 528, 598 e 508 densidade, g/L; 4,5, 4,0, 4,4 e 4,4 de pH. Quanto aos valores de EMA e EMAn das farinhas mistas contendo silagem de peixes em base de matéria seca, foram, respectivamente, 3560kcal/kg e 3402kcal/kg para a SFA, 3574kcal/kg e 3415kcal/kg para a SFVM, 3570kcal/kg e 3412kcal/kg para a SFVM e 3571kcal/kg e 3413kcal/kg para a SCM, com a SFA apresentando menor valor (P=0,01). Com base nos resultados, as silagens contendo restos de peixe podem ser utilizadas em dietas para frangos de corte

Feeding behavior in lactation sows maintained in a hot environment

Food intake (CR) was evaluated in 36 females of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ³4th birth order, in three stages of lactation (E1= from equalization to the 7th day; E2= 8-14th; E3= 15th to weaning), maintained in a hot environment, at morning, afternoon and night. The frequency and duration in which the sows remained standing in idle (OEP) or in activity at the feeder or fountain (PACB), were obtained on thee 17th day of lactation, evaluated in four periods of the day: P1= 6 p.m. to 12 a.m.; P2= 12 a.m. to 6 a.m.; P3= 6 a.m to 12 p.m. and P4= 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. Showed the interaction for CR, with smaller consumption for the primiparous in E1 in the afternoon period. The CR increased next to weaning (E3). The frequency and time of OEP were not modified. The females of 3rd birth used more time in PACB. The greater frequency and time used in this activity occurred between 6 a.m. to 6 p.m

Dietary interactions between sulfur amino acids, choline, and betaine for birds

A interrelação entre aminoácidos sulfurosos, betaína e colina é bastante evidente, haja vista a grande participação destes elementos como doadores de grupos metil para diversas reações no organismo das aves. Aliado a isto, o processo de remetilação da homocisteína à metionina no metabolismo de aminoácidos sulfurosos envolve a participação da colina e da betaína como cofatores essenciais para a economia de radicais metil da metionina. Várias características produtivas e metabólicas das aves comerciais podem ser afetadas pela interação desses compostos e, desse modo, esta revisão abordará os principais aspectos da interação entre aminoácidos sulfurosos, colina e betaína para frangos de corte e galinhas poedeiras.The interrelationship between sulfur amino acids, choline and betaine is very clear, considering the large share of these elements as donor of methyl groups for various reactions in the body of the bird. Furthermore, the remethylation process of homocysteine to methionine in the metabolism of sulfur amino acids, involves the participation of choline, and betaine as essential cofactors for the economy of the methyl radicals of methionine. Several productive and metabolic features of the commercial poultry may be affected by the interaction of these compounds and thus, this review will address the key aspects of the interaction between sulfur amino acids, choline and betaine for broilers and laying hens

Feeding behavior in lactation sows maintained in a hot environment

Food intake (CR) was evaluated in 36 females of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ³4th birth order, in three stages of lactation (E1= from equalization to the 7th day; E2= 8-14th; E3= 15th to weaning), maintained in a hot environment, at morning, afternoon and night. The frequency and duration in which the sows remained standing in idle (OEP) or in activity at the feeder or fountain (PACB), were obtained on thee 17th day of lactation, evaluated in four periods of the day: P1= 6 p.m. to 12 a.m.; P2= 12 a.m. to 6 a.m.; P3= 6 a.m to 12 p.m. and P4= 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. Showed the interaction for CR, with smaller consumption for the primiparous in E1 in the afternoon period. The CR increased next to weaning (E3). The frequency and time of OEP were not modified. The females of 3rd birth used more time in PACB. The greater frequency and time used in this activity occurred between 6 a.m. to 6 p.m