Learning by Exclusion in Toddlers

Crianças de diferentes idades respondem por exclusão em discriminações condicionais auditivo-visuais. Entretanto, a aprendizagem desta relação pode depender de diversos fatores: idade, tamanho do vocabulário e número de exposições à relação emergente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de aprendizagem por exclusão em crianças de 16 a 24 meses, empregando sondas de aprendizagem, com e sem máscara, que requeriam ou topografias de seleção ou de rejeição, para identificar quais resultam em melhores desempenhos. Discriminações condicionais palavra-objeto familiares foram ensinadas para compor a linha de base. Sondas de exclusão, aprendizagem e controle verificaram a emergência, a aprendizagem e o controle pela novidade nas relações nome-referente. Os participantes responderam por exclusão, mas não apresentaram indícios de aprendizagem consistente entre as sondas. O melhor desempenho ocorreu nas sondas de aprendizagem que requeriam controle por seleção. Nas sondas de rejeição, os participantes escolheram consistentemente o estímulo novo. Este resultado sugere que o tipo de sonda utilizado afeta o desempenho observado.Children of different ages respond by exclusion in trials of auditory-visual conditional discriminations. However, the learning of these relations can depend on a variety of factors, such as age, vocabulary size and amount of exposure to the emerging relation. The present study assessed learning by exclusion in children aged between 16 and 24 months, using learning probes with and without mask that required either selection or rejection topographies. Familiar word-object conditional discriminations were taught to compose the baseline. Exclusion, learning, and control probes were used to test emergence, learning, and control by novelty in name-referent relations. Participants responded by exclusion but did not demonstrate consistent learning across all probes. Best performance occurred in learning probes that required control by selection. In the rejection probes, the participants consistently selected the novel stimulus. These results suggest that the type of probe used influences observed performance.Los niños de distintas edades responden por exclusión en discriminaciones auditivo-visuales condicionadas. Sin embargo, el aprendizaje de esta relación puede depender de múltiples factores: la edad, la amplitud del vocabulario y número de exposiciones a la relación emergente. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar cómo ocurre el aprendizaje por exclusión en niños en las edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 24 meses, por medio de sondeos de aprendizaje con y sin máscara que requerían de topografías de selección o rechazo, para identificar cuales obtenían mejores desempeños. Las discriminaciones condicionadas de palabra-objeto familiar fueron instruidas para componer la línea de base. Las evaluaciones del aprendizaje ocurrían con y sin la máscara, lo que exigía mecanismos de respuesta por selección o por rechazo. Los sondeos de exclusión, aprendizaje y control verificaron la emergencia por la novedad en las relaciones nombre- referente. Los participantes respondieron por exclusión, pero no presentaron indicios de aprendizaje consistentes durante el desarrollo de las evaluaciones. El mejor desempeño fue verificado en los sondeos de aprendizaje que requerían de control por selección mientras que en los de rechazo, los participantes escogieron consistentemente el estímulo nuevo. Este resultado sugiere que el tipo de sondeo afecta el desempeño observado

Gas exchange and morphometric characteristics of basil according to the times and collection positions in the plant

The productive potential of plant species depends on the genotype versus environment interaction, so the choice of cultivar is decisive for the success of the crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of photosynthetic pigments and morphometric characteristics of two cultivars of green and red basil as a function of the collection time and different collection positions in the plant, as well as the gas exchange in response to variation of the flux density of photosynthetically active photons. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment with a randomized block design in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme containing 2 treatments consisting of two basil cultivars (alfavaca basilicão, red and green) and fifteen replications. The first factor was constituted by the cultivars, the second, by the time of collection, and the third, by the positions in which the collections were carried out on the plant. For evaluations of morphometric variables and gas exchange rates, the two cultivars were compared. Basil has photosynthesis saturation at radiation rates of about 1500 μmol m-2 s-1. The green colored cultivar was more productive, in addition to having the highest levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, and lower rate of leaf transpiration in response to photosynthetically active photons flow density, adapted for greater carboxylation efficiency and water use

Alcohol and drugs in adolescence: work process in health in school program

Introduction: Adolescence is characterized as a transition period  between childhood and adult life that imposes great physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes. During that period,  the adolescent is exposed and vulnerable to the consumption of alcohol and drugs,  and has been an scenery where nurses who works in the  School Health  Programs (SHP) interact with them. In this sense, the interaction between education and health can influence adolescents to become questioners of the risks they are exposed and look  together for  better options to improve their quality of life. Objective: To analyse the perception and health practices of Nurses working in the School Health  Programs  of  prevention of alcohol and drugs during adolescence. Methods: This is a descriptive and qualitative study carried out in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil, with 18 nurses participating in the SHP, who implement actions with adolescents in schools. The data collection took place through a semi structured interview and their organization through thematic analysis. Results: The participants affirmed that the importance of their actions and work  is directed  to prevent the use of alcohol and drugs among adolescents, excluding the precepts of health promotion. They pointed out that the interaction between education and health is characterized as an effective strategy in the prevention of damages caused by the use of alcohol and drugs, emphasizing the participation of family members during the process of elaboration, application and continuity. It was also evidenced that the educational practices are performed mostly through lectures, characterizing a work centred on clinical, individual and curative practice. Conclusion: Nurses understand that the interaction between health and education is an effective strategy to prevent the use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of family participation in the process of construction and support of this context. However, it is possible to identify that the actions developed by these professionals are still restricted to modify some behaviours such as to improve their willing of   sharing  new knowledge

Total reconstruction of the skin coverage of the penis with myocutaneous flap: case report

Introduction: The penis is an important structure of the male body, and its reconstruction is a challenge. Several diseases and deformities affect this organ, being necessary, in certain cases, for the total reconstruction of the cutaneous coverage of the penis, having already been described in the literature several techniques, such as the use of total grafts, scrotal flap, myocutaneous flaps of the fasciae latae and others. Case Report: In this report, a reconstruction of the total coverage of the penis is presented using a myocutaneous flap of the cremaster muscle with skin from the scrotum, achieving good vascularization and maintaining urethral permeability. Conclusion: This technique was not found in any of the databases researched in this study, only similar ones, and it proved to be a good option for the total reconstruction of penile skin coverage

Nível de Ruído Ocupacional em Atividades de Aplicação de Agrotóxicos Tratorizadas na Cultura do Cafeeiro/Occupational Noise Level in Tractorized Pesticide Application Activities in Coffee Culture

Na cafeicultura tradicional, o controle de doenças, pragas e vegetação espontânea tem sido realizado tradicionalmente por meio do uso de agrotóxicos. Em locais onde a topografia favorece a mecanização, essas atividades tem ocorrido através de tratores acoplados a pulverizadores do tipo canhão ou atomizadores e aplicadores de herbicidas. Muito embora a utilização desses equipamentos seja de grande importância para a cafeicultura, vale destacar que o conjunto tratorizado pode expor o trabalhador a níveis elevados de ruído. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os níveis de ruído ocupacional em atividades de aplicação de agrotóxicos tratorizadas na cultura do cafeeiro. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de coleta dos níveis de ruído das atividades de pulverização e aplicação de herbicidas em atividades cafeeiras registradas em Laudo Técnico das Condições Ambientais de Trabalho - LTCAT (2008 a 2011). Os resultados demonstraram que o nível de ruído de todas as operações foi superior ao permitido para uma jornada de trabalho de 8 horas de exposição, necessitando da adoção de medidas de proteção. O maior nível de ruído numérico foi obtido durante atividade de aplicação de herbicidas (MF250X - PH 400) com 93,4 dB (A) ± 1,78. Ainda pode-se constatar que não houve diferenças significativas para os níveis de ruído quantificados nas diferentes operações tratorizadas para aplicação de agrotóxicos

Considerations for a cloud-based system for IoT data acquisition from heterogeneous sensors

Air pollution is a rising concern, demanding for low cost air quality monitoring systems. In this paper, we describe the back-end of an air quality monitoring system, developed in the context of the NanoSen-AQM [3, 4] project, a project with the goal of creating a real-time system that allows for a cost-effective, distributed and ubiquitous air quality monitoring. In particular, we describe the Data Aggregation Module. The NanoSen-AQM [3, 4] project is focused in the air quality monitoring using low-cost nanosensors, developed in the context of the project. The system will have at its core a cloud system that supports a mobile application, a web application and third party platforms. The cloud system starts from receiving the data in cloud system and adding its database, so the data can be monitored by the web application. The cloud system can be divided in two modules: 1) the Central System; and 2) the Data Aggregation Modules. The Data Aggregation Modules collect data from the sensors, acting as a buffer for the messages to be inserted in central system database. The Central System is responsible for storage, processing and data access. The web, mobile and third party applications fetch data from the aforementioned module. The Data Aggregation Modules receives data from the sensors, which then sends it to Central System to be stored. This module can be further divided in two sub-modules: 1) the Data Input; and 2) the Data Publishing Service. The Data Input Module receives data from the RESTFul[1] and MQTT[2] protocols. MQTT is a protocol developed for sensors and IoT thinking how the sensors are exposed to low quality connections. In cases where sensors have low resources and can’t handle the MQTT library, RESTFul is considered the best alternative. In both protocols, there is a Message Authentication Code (MAC) that validates each message integrity. The application that receives the message from the sensors, will also receive an hash. After the message is received in the application, the message is processed and accepted only if the hash is valid. The message then reaches the data publishing service that serves as a buffer to hold the messages before being inserted in the database. Meanwhile, in data publishing service, the messages need to be processed so they can be inserted in the database. The data publishing service uses Apache Kafka with Kafka Streams in order to serve as a buffer and data processing, respectively

Production of Hydrogen and their Use in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

This work will show an overview of the hydrogen production from ethanol by steam reforming method, using distinct catalysts, resulting in low carbon monoxide content in H2 produced; a thermodynamic analysis of reforming employing entropy maximization, the ideal condition for ethanol, and other steam reforming reactions, the state of the art of steam reforming catalysts for H2 production with low CO content. Moreover, in the second part, there will be an overview of the use of hydrogen in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the fuel cell operational conditions, a thermodynamic analysis of PEMFC, the catalysts used in the electrodes of the fuel cell, consequences of the CO presence in the hydrogen fuel feed in PEMFC, and the operation conditions for maximum output power density

NanoSen-AQM: From Sensors to Users

With the raising of environmental concerns regarding pollution, interest in monitoring air quality is increasing. However, air pollution data is mostly originated from a limited number of government-owned sensors, which can only capture a small fraction of reality. Improving air quality coverage in-volves reducing the cost of sensors and making data widely available to the public. To this end, the NanoSen-AQM project proposes the usage of low-cost nano-sensors as the basis for an air quality monitoring platform, capa-ble of collecting, aggregating, processing, storing, and displaying air quality data. Being an end-to-end system, the platform allows sensor owners to manage their sensors, as well as define calibration functions, that can im-prove data reliability. The public can visualize sensor data in a map, define specific clusters (groups of sensors) as favorites and set alerts in the event of bad air quality in certain sensors. The NanoSen-AQM platform provides easy access to air quality data, with the aim of improving public health

WEIGHT REGAIN AND THE METABOLIC PROFILE OF WOMEN IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF BARIATRIC SURGERY: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Weight regain in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery is directly related to the relapse of preoperative comorbidities and a negative impact on the patients’ biochemical profile. AIMS: To assess the metabolic impact of weight regain on preoperative comorbidities and on patients’ biochemical profiles, in order to show the impact of the complications on the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with 75 women in the late postoperative period of bariatric surgery who presented pathological weight regain (≥20% of the maximum weight loss). Data of interest consisted of glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profile measurements at three different moments of evaluation: preoperative period, at the weight nadir (minimum weight), and after weight regain. A multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.39±12.09 years. Preoperative body mass index was 40.10±4.11 kg/m2. There was an overall increase of 3.36 points in the mean body mass index between the nadir and after regain: from 26.30±3.9 kg/m2 to 29.66±4.66 kg/m2. The mean time to reach the nadir was 18±7.6 months, with an average percentage of excess weight loss of 91.08±11.8%. The median time for pathological weight regain was 48 months, and the mean regain amongst the sample was 8.85±5.65 kg. There was a significant correlation between pathological weight regain and levels of insulin (r=0.351; p<0.011), C-peptide (r=0.303; p<0.011), C-reactive protein (r=0.402; p<0.001), and vitamin D (r=-0.435; p<0.001), the last two being the most influenced by the percentage of weight regained. CONCLUSIONS: The pathological weight regain in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery results in losses in the patients’ metabolic and inflammatory profiles. However, the biochemical benefits are sustained up to the preoperative levels of the parameters analyzed