1,469 research outputs found
The Lusiad, or Portugals historical poem by LuĂs Vaz de CamĂ”es and edited by Michael W. Charney
LuĂs Vaz de CamĂ”es (c. 1524-1580), the famous Lisbon poet, composed Os Lusiades in 1572 to glorify the expedition and exploits of Vasco da Gama in the Indian Ocean. It is a lengthy and epic poem, consisting of ten cantos, the portion relating to mainland Southeast Asia limited to a portion of the last of these. Only this portion is reproduced below. The chief utility of this information for the historian is that it helps us to understand how much, by 1572, Portuguese at home knew about the region. Some information is of special interest, such as the reference to the Gwe.
The following translation was made in 1655 by Richard Fanshaw and printed in London for Humphrey Moseley at the Princeâs Arms in St. Paulâs Church-yard. According to the translatorâs preface, Fanshaw completed the translation on 1 May 1655 at Tankersley Park. The following text is derived from the British Library original (shelfmark g.11385). Other English translations include Vise Strangfordâs version of 1804 (n.p.: Carpenter, BL shelfmark B28.a.31), Edward Quillinanâs version, with notes by John Adamson, of 1853 (n.p.: Edward Moxon, BL shelfmark x15/3449), William Julius Mickieâs 1877 edition (London: George Bell & Sons, BL shelfmark W53/4181), and others in the twentieth century. As the first English translation, the one most late seveneteenth and eighteenth century English travelers would have read, warrants special attention. Edited for the SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research by Michael W. Charney
Finding Function in Form: Compositional Character Models for Open Vocabulary Word Representation
We introduce a model for constructing vector representations of words by
composing characters using bidirectional LSTMs. Relative to traditional word
representation models that have independent vectors for each word type, our
model requires only a single vector per character type and a fixed set of
parameters for the compositional model. Despite the compactness of this model
and, more importantly, the arbitrary nature of the form-function relationship
in language, our "composed" word representations yield state-of-the-art results
in language modeling and part-of-speech tagging. Benefits over traditional
baselines are particularly pronounced in morphologically rich languages (e.g.,
Turkish)
Arsenic in rice agrosystems (water, soil and rice plants) in Guayas and Los Rios provinces, Ecuador
Geogenic arsenic (As) can accumulate and reach high concentrations in rice grains, thus representing a potential threat to human health. Ecuador is one of the main consumers of rice in South America. However, there is no information available about the concentrations of As in rice agrosystems, although some water bodies are known to contain high levels of the element. We carried out extensive sampling of water, soil, rice plants and commercial rice (obtained from local markets). Water samples were analysed to determine physico-chemical properties and concentrations of dissolved arsenic. Soil samples were analysed to determine total organic C, texture, total Fe and amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides (Fe-ox), total arsenic (tAs) and the bioavailable fraction (As-Me). The different plant parts were analysed separately to determine total (tAs), inorganic (iAs) and organic arsenic (oAs). Low concentrations of arsenic were found in samples of water (generally 80%) in all parts of the rice plants. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
S3 x Z2 model for neutrino mass matrices
We propose a model for lepton mass matrices based on the seesaw mechanism, a
complex scalar gauge singlet and a horizontal symmetry S_3 \times
\mathbbm{Z}_2. In a suitable weak basis, the charged-lepton mass matrix and
the neutrino Dirac mass matrix are diagonal, but the vacuum expectation value
of the scalar gauge singlet renders the Majorana mass matrix of the
right-handed neutrinos non-diagonal, thereby generating lepton mixing. When the
symmetry is not broken in the scalar potential, the effective
light-neutrino Majorana mass matrix enjoys -- interchange symmetry,
thus predicting maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing together with .
A partial and less predictive form of -- interchange symmetry is
obtained when the symmetry is softly broken in the scalar potential.
Enlarging the symmetry group S_3 \times \mathbbm{Z}_2 by an additional
discrete electron-number symmetry \mathbbm{Z}_2^{(e)}, a more predicitive
model is obtained, which is in practice indistinguishable from a previous one
based on the group .Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, final version for publication in JHE
Maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing and the small ratio of muon to tau mass
We discuss the problem of the small ratio of muon mass to tau mass in a class
of seesaw models where maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing is enforced through
a -- interchange symmetry. We introduce into those models an
additional symmetry such that in the case of exact
invariance. The symmetry may be softly broken in the Higgs potential, and
one thus achieves in a technically natural way. We speculate
on a wider applicability of this mechanism.Comment: 10 pages, plain LaTeX, no figures, minor changes, final version for
J. Phys.
A model realizing the Harrison-Perkins-Scott lepton mixing matrix
We present a supersymmetric model in which the lepton mixing matrix
obeys, at the seesaw scale, the Harrison--Perkins--Scott
\textit{Ansatz}--vanishing , maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing, and
( is the solar mixing angle). The
model features a permutation symmetry among the three lepton multiplets
of each type--left-handed doublets, right-handed charged leptons, and
right-handed neutrinos--and among three Higgs doublets and three
zero-hypercharge scalar singlets; a fourth right-handed neutrino, a fourth
Higgs doublet, and a fourth scalar singlet are invariant under . In
addition, the model has seven \mathbbm{Z}_2 symmetries, out of which six do
not commute with . Supersymmetry is needed in order to eliminate some
quartic terms from the scalar potential, quartic terms which would make
impossible to obtain the required vacuum expectation values of the three Higgs
doublets and three scalar singlets. The Yukawa couplings to the charged leptons
are flavour diagonal, so that flavour-changing neutral Yukawa interactions only
arise at loop level.Comment: 16 pages, plain LaTeX, no figures; some clarifying remarks in the
conclusions and references added, version accepted for publication in JHE
Neutrino helicity asymmetries in leptogenesis
It is pointed out that the heavy singlet neutrinos characteristic of
leptogenesis develop asymmetries in the abundances of the two helicity states
as a result of the same mechanism that generates asymmetries in the standard
lepton sector. Neutrinos and standard leptons interchange asymmetries in
collisions with each other. It is shown that an appropriate quantum number,
B-L', combining baryon, lepton and neutrino asymmetries, is not violated as
fast as the standard B-L. This suppresses the washout effects relevant for the
derivation of the final baryon asymmetry. One presents detailed calculations
for the period of neutrino thermal production in the framework of the singlet
seesaw mechanism.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, revtex, matches PRD versio
Coupling production networks and regional assets in manufacturing clusters
Paradoxically, the ongoing process of globalisation goes hand in hand with a surge of interest in the âlocalâ sources of firm competitiveness. In this paper, we develop a frame of analysis that helps to understand âcouplingâ of production networks and regional development. Our aim is to reflect on the âspatialityâ of different types of networks, and to study the dynamic coupling process between these networks and regional assets. We apply the framework to two case studies â shipbuilding in Turku and machine building in Porto. Our analysis points towards the relevance of regional assets facilitating this coupling process and in strengthening regions as magnets for global production networks, reinforcing the long term sustainability of different types of clusters
Gruta Nova da Columbeira (Bombarral, Portugal): Fundplatz-Stratigraphie, Alter der MoustĂ©rien-Schichtenfolge, und Schlussfolgerungen fĂŒr die Chronologie des Aussterbens der Neanderthaler auf der Iberischen Halbinsel
The Gruta Nova da Columbeira is recurrently mentioned in the literature concerning the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition in Iberia as documenting the persistence beyond 30 000 calendar years ago of a Neanderthal-associated Mousterian. This claim is based on conventional radiocarbon dates obtained in the 1960âs and the 1970âs. In order to assess its validity, we undertook archival research to obtain unpublished details concerning the actual composition and chemistry of the dated samples, replicated the dating of samples of the same kind (carbonaceous sediments) and collected in the same deposits from the back of the cave whence came the 1970âs results, and obtained an U-series age estimate for a bone tool from the base of the Mousterian sequence excavated at the entrance of the cave in 1962. We then cross-checked all the stratigraphic and dating information thus assembled against the original field documents. Our results show that (a) the cave entrance sequence formed between MIS-5 and early MIS-3, (b) the deposits at the back of the cave probably formed in the Tardiglacial, and (c) the presence in these deposits of significant amounts of inherited charcoal derived from the entrance area explains the âEarly Upper Palaeolithicâ (EUP) age determinations obtained for the 1970âs samples. The association of such determinations with the Mousterian has been based on an unwarranted assumption of lateral stratigraphic continuity. While the entrance deposits correspond to an in situ Mousterian sequence, those from the back of the cave are primarily made of clay accumulated under temporary waterlogged conditions, with the few artefacts of Middle Palaeolithic affinities recovered therein being in secondary position. The evidence from Gruta Nova can no longer be used to counter the existence of a late Aurignacian in the region. In southern and western Iberia, the Neandertal-to-modern and Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transitions occurred no
later than about 37 000 years ago.Auf der Grundlage konventioneller Radiokarbondaten aus den 1960er und 1970er Jahren werden Grabungsergebnisse aus der Gruta Nova da Columbeira (Bombarral) in der Fachliteratur auch heute noch verschiedentlich als Beleg fĂŒr eine zeitliche Ăberlappung des spĂ€ten MoustĂ©rien mit dem Ă€lterem JungpalĂ€olithikum genannt. Die unerwartet jungen 14C-Daten werden weiterhin als Beleg fĂŒr eine Fortdauer der Neanderthaler bis in eine Zeit jĂŒnger als 30 000 Jahre vor heute herangezogen. Zur ĂberprĂŒfung dieser Hypothese haben wir zahlreiche historische Dokumente zu den frĂŒheren Grabungen, wie auch der 14C-Datierungen, zusammengestellt und einer kritischen Sichtung unterzogen. Mit Hilfe der
historischen Grabungsdokumente konnten zahlreichen Details der ursprĂŒnglichen Stratigraphie von Gruta Nova rekonstruiert
werden. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden dann gezielt Nachuntersuchungen vorgenommen, um Probenmaterial zur erneuten 14C-Datierung aus gleicher stratigraphischer Position zu erhalten. Ferner wurde eine U/Th-Datierung an einem Knochenwerkzeug des Moustérien aus der Basis der Schicht 8 vorgenommen. Die Datierungsergebnisse zeigen, (1) dass es am
Höhleneingang tatsÀchlich Fundschichten mit Artefakten gibt, die zwischen MIS-5 und MIS-3 datieren, aber (2), dass die
ursprĂŒnglich anhand der 14C-Daten als ein âfrĂŒhes JungpalĂ€olithikumâ interpretierten Schichten im rĂŒckwĂ€rtigen Teil der Höhle wahrscheinlich aus dem SpĂ€tglazial und durch Sedimente mit alten Holzkohlen aus dem Eingangsbereich kontaminiert wurden.
Wie die Rekonstruktion der stratigraphischen Situation zeigt, gibt es in Gruta Nova â bei den heute nicht mehr akzeptablen
14C-Daten â keine ernstzunehmenden Indizien fĂŒr die Existenz eines spĂ€ten MoustĂ©rien. Damit liegt auch kein Beleg fĂŒr einen
spĂ€ten Ăbergang - nach 37 000 Jahren vor heute - vom Mittel- zum JungpalĂ€olithikum im sĂŒdlichen und westlichen Bereich der
Iberischen Halbinsel vor
Adding mindfulness practice to exercise therapy for female recreational runners with patellofemoral pain:a randomized controlled trial
Context Considering current models that highlight the role of psychological components in pain management, mindfulness practice may be an effective strategy in the management of pain. Objective To examine the effects of adding an 8-week mindfulness program to exercise therapy on the perceptions of pain severity, knee function, fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing of female recreational runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Thirty female runners (age = 28.3 ± 7.08 years) with PFP were randomly assigned to the exercise or mindfulness-exercise group. Intervention(s) The exercise-only group followed a protocol (18 weeks, 3 sessions/wk) that featured training modifications to help control injury-related symptoms. The mindfulness-exercise group received an 8-week mindfulness intervention in addition to the exercise protocol. The mindfulness component started 4 weeks before the exercise component; therefore, the 2 components overlapped during the first 4 weeks of the intervention. Main Outcome Measure(s) Usual pain, pain during stepping, and pain during running were assessed using visual analog scales. Functional limitations of the knee were assessed using the Knee Outcome Survey. Fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, and coping strategies were measured via the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, respectively. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, at week 9, and after 18 weeks. Results Pain during running, pain during stepping, and functional limitations of the knee were less for the mindfulness-exercise group than for the exercise-only group (P values < .05). The mindfulness-exercise group reported greater perceived treatment effects than the exercise-only group (P < .05). Pain catastrophizing was less and coping strategies were more favorable for mindfulness-exercise participants than for exercise-only participants (P values < .05). Conclusions Mindfulness practice can be an effective adjunct to exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of PFP in recreational female runners
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