Biophenols and flavor in extra virgin olive oils from San Juan province (Argentina)

In this work, phenolic compounds and their relationship with flavor in Arbequina, Changlot Real and Coratina cultivars extra virgin olive oils from the San Juan province (Argentina) in the 2012 and 2013 harvests were studied. In 2013, the harvesting was brought forward by 15-17 days. The total and individual biophenols were analyzed by HPLC-UV. A taste panel recognized by the International Olive Council (IOC) carried out the sensory analysis. Oxidative stability was measured by accelerated oxidation assays using Rancimat equipment. The oils obtained in 2013 from the three cultivars had higher biophenol contents and particularly higher contents of secoiridoid and derivatives. The positive attributes (fruitiness, bitterness and pungency) of the oils were more harmonious in the three cultivars in 2013 by enhancing the complexity with a wide range of green descriptors. The oxidative stability indices of the oils were also higher in the three cultivars in 2013. The multiple linear regression model suggested that oleuropein aglycone, aldehyde and hydroxilic form (3,4-DHPEA-EA) was the main contributor (65.5 %) to bitterness, while decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycone, dialdehyde form (p-HPEA-EDA), besides reducing bitterness, was the major contributor to pungency (52.2 %). Among simple phenols, o-coumaric acid contributed to bitterness (2.3 %), and tyrosol (6.3 %) and tyrosyl acetate (3.3 %) were related to pungency.Fil: Ceci, Liliana Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Daniela Andrea. Universidad Catolica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mussio, Daniela Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Mattar, Susana B.. Universidad Catolica de Cuyo - Sede San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Carelli Albarracin, Amalia Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Relation Between Oxidative Stability and Composition in Argentinian Olive Oils

The relation between oxidative stability and composition in 58 virgin olive oils from different cultivars and Argentinian regions was studied over four harvest years. The oxidative stability of the oils was assessed using the OSI index (110 °C, 20 L/h air flow). A multiple linear regression model is proposed using OSI values as the dependent variable (multiple R = 0.933, p = 1 x 10-15), with positive contributions of the independent variables: fatty acid composition [oleic acid/(linoleic acid ? linolenic acid), 55.3%, p = 1 x 10-15], total polyphenols (24.1%, p = 1.8 x 10-9), carotenes (4.8%, p = 6.1 x 10-5), β-toco- pherol (1.9%, 6.0 x 10-3) and other compounds (13.9%). Highly significant correlation was observed between oxidative stability indexes estimated by the compositional model and those experimentally determined by Rancimat method (b = 0.981, R = 0.924). Chlorophylls and Δ-5- avenasterol contributions to the model were non-significant when variables related with fatty acids and polyphenols were included. The results suggest that the fatty acid composition and the polyphenol content are the main factors that affect the oxidative stability of olive oils. The proposed model allows the estimation of the oxidative stability in olive oils independently of the cultivar. The model was obtained also taking into account samples that lie ossut of the international legal limits in some compositional values due to natural variations.Fil: Ceci, Liliana Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Carelli Albarracin, Amalia Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

The Effect of Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Cognition and Mood during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Indonesia: A Randomized Trial

Maternal caregiving capacity, which is affected in part by cognition and mood, is crucial for the health of mothers and infants. Few interventions aim to improve maternal and infant health through improving such capacity. Multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation may improve maternal cognition and mood, since micronutrients are essential for brain function. We assessed mothers who participated in the Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT), a double-blind cluster-randomized trial in Indonesia comparing MMN supplementation to iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy and until three months postpartum. We adapted a set of well-studied tests of cognition, motor dexterity, and mood to the local context and administered them to a random sample of 640 SUMMIT participants after an average of 25 weeks (SD = 9) of supplementation. Analysis was by intention to treat. Controlling for maternal age, education, and socio-economic status, MMN resulted in a benefit of 0.12 SD on overall cognition, compared to IFA (95% CI 0.03-0.22, p = .010), and a benefit of 0.18 SD on reading efficiency (95% CI 0.02-0.35, p = .031). Both effects were found particularly in anemic (hemoglobin <110 g/L; overall cognition: B = 0.20, 0.00-0.41, p = .055; reading: B = 0.40, 0.02-0.77, p = .039) and undernourished (mid-upper arm circumference <23.5 cm; overall cognition: B = 0.33, 0.07-0.59, p = .020; reading: B = 0.65, 0.19-1.12, p = .007) mothers. The benefit of MMN on overall cognition was equivalent to the benefit of one year of education for all mothers, to two years of education for anemic mothers, and to three years of education for undernourished mothers. No effects were found on maternal motor dexterity or mood. This is the first study demonstrating an improvement in maternal cognition with MMN supplementation. This improvement may increase the quality of care mothers provide for their infants, potentially partly mediating effects of maternal MMN supplementation on infant health and survival. The study is registered as an International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials, number ISRCTN34151616. http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN3415161