Levisticum officinale hairy root cultures: influence of light and light type on growth and essential oil production

The essential oils of Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae), including those isolated from the roots, are used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries [1]. This perennial and herbaceous plant, commonly known as lovage, is widely known by its aromatic, ornamental and medicinal properties. The effect of light and light type on growth and essential oil production of lovage hairy root cultures was studied by comparison of cultures maintained under “blue-basic” (400-550nm) and “day-light” 16h light photoperiod with control cultures maintained under darkness. All cultures were maintained in SH medium [2] and kept at 24ºC on orbital shakers at 80 r.p.m. Growth was evaluated by fresh weight (f.w.), dry weight (d.w.) and by the dissimilation method. The essential oil samples were isolated by distillation-extraction and analysed by GC and GC-MS. Control hairy root cultures showed a fifteen-fold d.w. biomass increase at the end of the growth period (six weeks), whereas an approximately eight-fold and ten-fold increase was obtained with “blue-basic” and “day-light” grown cultures, respectively. These differences were supported by morphological and histochemical analyses. Major changes were detected in the essential oil composition, but Z-falcarinol was in all cases the major oil constituent: in darkness, “day-light” and “blue-basic” grown cultures (75%, 94% and 61%, respectively).FC

Influence of chlorhexidine and zinc oxide in calcium hydroxide pastes on pH changes in external root surface

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of chlorhexidine (liquid and gel) and zinc oxide in calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes on root pH in simulated external resorption. One hundred human anterior teeth with a single root canal were selected. After decoronation and root canal instrumentation, the specimens were divided into 4 experimental groups and 1 control group (without intracanal paste): CH + saline (CH+S), CH + 2% chlorhexidine liquid (CH+ CHX), CH + 2% chlorhexidine gel (CH+ CHXg), and CH + 2% chlorhexidine gel + zinc oxide (CH+ CHXg+ZnO). pH was measured using a microelectrode at 3 and 24 h, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after inserting intracanal pastes. Data were analyzed statistically using an ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The CH+CHXg+ZnO group had the highest pH values throughout (p < 0.05). The CH+S and CH+ CHX groups had the highest pH values after 1 week and the CH+ CHXg group after 2 weeks. CH+ CHXg maintained the highest pH until the fourth week compared with CH+ CHX (p < 0.05). The control group remained at a neutral pH at all evaluated times. It can be concluded that chlorhexidine solution or gel maintained the alkaline pH of CH, and chlorhexidine gel allowed a slower decrease in pH over time. CH+ CHXg+ZnO showed the highest pH values and was an effective intracanal medication for maintaining alkaline root pH in the area of resorption3

Representações sociais de alunas de pedagogia sobre suas trajetórias escolares

The article analyzes the social representations of pedagogy students about their school trajectories. It is based on Moscovici’s theory of social representations and on sociological studies about life trajectories. Twenty-six pedagogy students were asked to write a text with the title, “My school trajectory” and to answer a questionnaire on their profile. The narratives were submitted to the Alceste software (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d’un Ensemble de Segments de Texte), which classified the material in five categories, which were rearranged in three themes, due totheir similarity of meanings: Theme 1 – How school was experienced; Theme 2 – Social interactions in the school context; Theme 3 – Entering higher education: challenges and dreams. The results indicate trajectories marked by the idea of triumph, observed at the different phases of their school trajectory. There is a social construction that relates educational success to the school’s pedagogical and structural conditions, to the families’ social-economical and cultural situation and to the access to higher education as a coming true of a dream of social ascent. Keywords: social representations, school trajectory, pedagogy, Alceste software.O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as representações sociais de alunas de Pedagogia sobre suas trajetórias escolares. A pesquisa fundamenta-se na teoria moscoviciana das representações sociais e em estudos sociológicos referentes a trajetórias. Solicitou-se que 26 alunas de um curso de Pedagogia escrevessem uma redação intitulada “Minha trajetória escolar” e preenchessem um questionário de perfil. As narrativas foram submetidas ao programa informático Alceste (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d’un Ensemble de Segments de Texte), que dividiu o material em cinco classes, reagrupadas em três temas, devido à aproximação de significados: Tema 1 - A escola vivida; Tema 2 - Interações sociais no contexto escolar; Tema 3 - O ingresso no Ensino Superior: desafios e sonhos. Os resultados indicaram trajetórias marcadas pela idéia de superação, observada nas diferentes etapas da escolarização. Percebeu-se uma construção social que relaciona o sucesso escolar às condições pedagógicas e estruturais da escola, à situação socioeconômica e cultural da família e ao ensino superior como realização de um sonho de ascensão social. Palavras-chave: representações sociais, trajetórias escolares, pedagogia, programa Alceste

Propolis and its use in production animals.

Propolis is a natural product used by humanity during centuries and is administered in many forms. Its usage occurred centuries ago as an apiarian therapy in popular medicine used as an anti-inflammatory agent. More than two hundred chemical compounds have already been identified in propolis. In general, propolis contains 50-60% resins and balsams, 30-40% waxes, 5-10% essential oils, 5% pollen grains, aside from microelements such as aluminum, calcium, strontium, iron, copper, manganese and small amounts of vitamins B1, B2, B6, C and E. Propolis is known mainly for its anti-microbe, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoten-sive, healing, anesthetic, anticancer, anti-HIV, and anti-caries properties. Investigations about the antibiotic properties of propolis have mainly been conducted in medical and veterinary medicine areas, where the product has demonstrated efficient bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity in relation to many types of bacteria, however few zootechnical researches related to these biological activities of propolis have been carried out considering the responses of animals.A própolis é um produto natural utilizado durante séculos pela humanidade e administrada sob diversas formas. Sua utilização ocorreu como apiterápico há séculos na medicina popular como agente antiinflamatório. Já foram identificados mais de 200 compostos químicos, de modo geral, a própolis contém 50-60% de resinas e bálsamos, 30-40% de ceras, 5-10% de óleos essenciais, 5% grãos de pólen, além de microelementos como alumínio, cálcio, estrôncio, ferro, cobre, manganês e pequenas quantidades de vitaminas B1, B2, B6, C e E. A própolis é conhecida principalmente, por suas propriedades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, antiinflamatória, imunomodulatória, hipotensiva, cicatrizante, anestésica, anticancerígena, anti-HIV, e anticariogênica. As investigações sobre as propriedades antibióticas da própolis têm sido conduzidas sobre tudo na área médica e veterinária, onde o produto tem demonstrado uma eficiente atividade bacteriostática e bactericida em relação a diversos gêneros de bactérias, porém poucos trabalhos, de ordem zootécnica, têm sido realizados, considerando-se as respostas dos animais, relacionadas a algumas dessas atividades biológicas

Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Cryptosporidiosis in Children from 8 Low-income Sites : Results from the MAL-ED Study

Funding Information: The MAL-ED study is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Fogarty International Center. This work was also supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH (grant numbers K23 AI087910 to P. K. and K23 AI087910 to W. A. P.) and by the Sherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases Discovery Program (to P. D.).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Brans-Dicke Theory and primordial black holes in Early Matter-Dominated Era

We show that primordial black holes can be formed in the matter-dominated era with gravity described by the Brans-Dicke theory. Considering an early matter-dominated era between inflation and reheating, we found that the primordial black holes formed during that era evaporate at a quicker than those of early radiation-dominated era. Thus, in comparison with latter case, less number of primordial black holes could exist today. Again the constraints on primordial black hole formation tend towards the larger value than their radiation-dominated era counterparts indicating a significant enhancement in the formation of primordial black holes during the matter-dominaed era.Comment: 9 page